Abnormal Psychology In A Changing World

by Nevid, Jeffrey S.; Rathus, Spencer A.; Greene, Beverly

• ISBN13: 9780131916784
• ISBN10: 0131916785
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This introduction to abnormal psychology is designed to make the material more accessible and inviting to a new generation in a changing world. Noteworthy for its clear and engaging writing style that is accessible to readers, superior pedagogy, many engaging case examples and user-oriented applications, and integration of sociocultural material throughout. The authors adopt an interactionist approach in viewing abnormal behavior in terms of a complex interplay of factors representing psychological, biological, and sociocultural domains. Features personal accounts spanning a wide range of disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, eating disorders, autism, panic disorder, and other mental health problems. The free CD-ROM offers fifteen new segments from the "Speaking Out" series, including interviews with persons who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, anorexia, bulimia, PTSD, alcoholism, schizophrenia, autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, social phobia, hypochondriasis, and personality disorders. Highlights controversial issues in the field (e.g., Recovered Memory Controversy, EMDR: A Fad or a Find), and applications (e.g., How To Cope with a Panic Attack; Suicide Prevention; Rape Prevention; and Anger Management). A comprehensive reference for professionals in the psychology and/or medical fields.

Author Biography

Beverly A. Greene is Professor of Psychology at St. John's University.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
About the Authors	xix
Introduction and Methods of Research	2	(34)
How Do We Define Abnormal Behavior?	6	(5)
Criteria for Determining Abnormality	6	(4)
Cultural Bases of Abnormal Behavior	10	(1)
Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior	11	(7)
The Demonological Model	11	(1)
Origins of the Medical Model: In ``Ill Humor''	11	(1)
Medieval Times	12	(1)
Witchcraft	12	(1)
Asylums	13	(1)
The Reform Movement and Moral Therapy	14	(1)
A Step Backward	15	(1)
The Community Mental Health Movement: The Exodus from State Hospitals	15	(1)
Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior	16	(2)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
What is Abnormal Behavior?	18	(2)
Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology	20	(13)
Description, Explanation, Prediction, and Control: The Objectives of Science	20	(1)
The Scientific Method	21	(1)
Ethics in Research	22	(1)
Naturalistic-Observation	22	(1)
The Correlational Method	23	(1)
The Experimental Method	24	(3)
Epidemiological Studies	27	(1)
Kinship Studies	28	(2)
Case Studies	30	(3)
A Closer Look
Thinking Critically About Abnormal Psychology	33	(1)
Summing Up	34	(2)
Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior	36	(32)
The Biological Perspective	38	(5)
The Nervous System	38	(4)
Evaluating Biological Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior	42	(1)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Is It All in the Genes?	43	(1)
The Psychological Perspective	44	(16)
Psychodynamic Models	44	(7)
Learning Models	51	(5)
Humanistic Models	56	(2)
Cognitive Models	58	(2)
The Sociocultural Perspective	60	(3)
Ethnicity and Mental Health	60	(2)
Evaluating the Sociocultural Perspective	62	(1)
The Biopsychosocial Perspective	63	(3)
The Diathesis--Stress Model	64	(1)
Evaluating the Biopsychosocial Perspective	65	(1)
The Case of Jessica---A Final Word	65	(1)
Summing Up	66	(2)
Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior	68	(33)
How Are Abnormal Behavior Patterns Classified?	70	(7)
The DSM and Models of Abnormal Behavior	70	(7)
Standards of Assessment	77	(1)
Reliability	77	(1)
Validity	77	(1)
Methods of Assessment	78	(3)
The Clinical Interview	79	(1)
Psychological Tests	80	(1)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Should Interviewers Be Replaced by Computers?	81	(16)
Neuropsychological Assessment	88	(2)
Behavioral Assessment	90	(3)
Cognitive Assessment	93	(2)
Physiological Measurement	95	(2)
Sociocultural and Ethnic Factors in Assessment	97	(1)
Summing Up	98	(3)
Methods of Treatment	101	(35)
Types of Helping Professionals	102	(1)
Psychotherapy	102	(2)
A Closer Look
How Do I Find Help?	104	(13)
Psychodynamic Therapy	105	(3)
Behavior Therapy	108	(1)
Humanistic Therapy	109	(2)
Cognitive Therapy	111	(2)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy	113	(1)
Eclectic Therapy	114	(1)
Group, Family, and Couple Therapy	114	(3)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Online Therapy: A New Therapeutic Tool or Pandora's Box?	117	(5)
Evaluating Methods of Psychotherapy	117	(3)
Multicultural Issues in Psychotherapy	120	(2)
Biomedical Therapies	122	(5)
Drug Therapy	123	(2)
Ethnic Differences in Response to Psychotropic Medication	125	(1)
Electroconvulsive Therapy	125	(1)
Psychosurgery	126	(1)
Evaluation of Biological Approaches	127	(1)
Hospitalization and Community-Based Care	127	(7)
Roles for Hospitalization	128	(1)
The Community Mental Health Center	128	(2)
Ethnic Group Differences in Use of Mental Health Services	130	(2)
Racial Stereotyping and the Mental Health System	132	(1)
Evaluation of Deinstitutionalization	133	(1)
Summing Up	134	(2)
Stress, Psychological Factors, and Health	136	(32)
Adjustment Disorders	138	(1)
Stress and Illness	139	(5)
Stress and the Endocrine System	140	(1)
Stress and the Immune System	140	(2)
Terrorism-Related Trauma	142	(1)
The General Adaptation Syndrome	143	(1)
A Closer Look
Warning Signs of Trauma-Related Stress	144	(1)
Stress and Life Changes	144	(1)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Psychological First-Aid Following Trauma: Does It Help?	145	(2)
Acculturative Stress: Making It in America	146	(1)
Questionnaire
The Dissociative Experiences Scale	147	(5)
Psychological Factors That Moderate Stress	149	(3)
Questionnaire
The Life Orientation Test	152	(1)
Psychological Factors and Physical Disorders	153	(3)
Headaches	154	(1)
Cardiovascular Disease	155	(1)
A Closer Look
Psychological Methods for Lowering Arousal	156	(5)
Asthma	160	(1)
Cancer	160	(1)
A Closer Look
Emotions and the Heart	161	(1)
Questionnaire
Are You Type A?	162	(3)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)	163	(2)
Summing Up	165	(3)
Anxiety Disorders	168	(40)
Historical Perspectives on Anxiety Disorders	170	(2)
Panic Disorder	172	(5)
Theoretical Perspectives	173	(3)
Treatment Approaches	176	(1)
A Closer Look
Coping with a Panic Attack	177	(1)
Phobic Disorders	178	(14)
Types of Phobias	178	(4)
Theoretical Perspectives	182	(4)
Treatment Approaches	186	(6)
Obsessive--Compulsive Disorder	192	(4)
Theoretical Perspectives	193	(2)
Treatment Approaches	195	(1)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	196	(2)
Theoretical Perspectives	197	(1)
Treatment Approaches	198	(1)
Traumatic Stress Disorders	198	(5)
Features of Traumatic Stress Disorders	200	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives	201	(1)
Treatment Approaches	202	(1)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
EMDR: Fad or Find?	203	(1)
Ethnic Differences in Anxiety Disorders	203	(2)
Tying It Together	205	(1)
Summing Up	205	(3)
Dissociative and Somatoform Disorders	208	(32)
Dissociative Disorders	210	(10)
Dissociative Identity Disorder	210	(4)
Dissociative Amnesia	214	(2)
Dissociative Fugue	216	(1)
Depersonalization Disorder	217	(2)
Culture-Bound Dissociative Syndromes	219	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives	219	(1)
Questionnaire
The Dissociative Experiences Scale	220	(1)
Treatment of Dissociative Disorders	222
Tying It Together	220	(3)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Are Recovered Memories Credible?	223	(1)
Somatoform Disorders	224	(2)
A Closer Look
Munchausen Syndrome	226	(12)
Conversion Disorder	227	(1)
Hypochondriasis	228	(2)
Body Dysmorphic Disorder	230	(1)
Pain Disorder	231	(1)
Somatization Disorder	231	(1)
Koro and Dhat Syndromes: Far Eastern Somatoform Disorders?	232	(2)
Theoretical Perspectives	234	(2)
Treatment of Somatoform Disorders	236	(2)
Summing Up	238	(2)
Mood Disorders and Suicide	240	(46)
Types of Mood Disorders	242	(6)
Major Depressive Disorder	243	(5)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Why Are More Women Depressed?	248	(1)
Questionnaire
Are You Depressed?	249	(5)
Dysthymic Disorder	249	(2)
Bipolar Disorder	251	(3)
Cyclothymic Disorder	254	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives on Mood Disorders	254	(13)
Stress and Mood Disorders	255	(1)
Psychodynamic Theories	256	(1)
Humanistic Theories	257	(1)
Learning Theories	258	(1)
Cognitive Theories	259	(6)
Biological Factors	265	(2)
A Closer Look
Something Fishy About This	267	(1)
Tying It Together	267	(1)
Treatment of Mood Disorders	268	(7)
Psychodynamic Approaches	268	(1)
Behavioral Approaches	269	(1)
Cognitive Approaches	270	(1)
Psychological Treatment of Other Mood Disorders	271	(1)
Biological Approaches	272	(3)
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Depression	275	(1)
Suicide	275	(1)
A Closer Look
Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Depression	276	(7)
Who Commits Suicide?	277	(2)
Why Do People Commit Suicide?	279	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives on Suicide	280	(1)
Predicting Suicide	281	(2)
A Closer Look
Suicide Prevention	283	(1)
Summing Up	283	(3)
Substance Abuse and Dependence	286	(44)
Classification of Substance-Related Disorders	287	(6)
Substance Abuse and Dependence	289	(2)
Addiction, Physiological Dependence, and Psychological Dependence	291	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Substance Dependence	291	(1)
Pathways to Drug Dependence	292	(1)
Drugs of Abuse	293	(1)
Depressants	293	(1)
Questionnaire
Are You Hooked?	294	(4)
A Closer Look
Binge Drinking, a Dangerous Pastime	298	(11)
Stimulants	302	(4)
Hallucinogens	306	(3)
Theoretical Perspectives	309	(7)
Biological Perspectives	309	(2)
Learning Perspectives	311	(3)
Cognitive Perspectives	314	(1)
Psychodynamic Perspectives	314	(1)
Sociocultural Perspectives	315	(1)
Tying it Together	316	(1)
Treatment of Substance Abuse and Dependence	317	(8)
Biological Approaches	318	(2)
Culturally Sensitive Treatment of Alcoholism	320	(1)
Nonprofessional Support Groups	320	(1)
Residential Approaches	321	(1)
Psychodynamic Approaches	322	(1)
Behavioral Approaches	322	(2)
Relapse-Prevention Training	324	(1)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
In the Eye of the Storm: The Controlled Drinking Controversy	325	(3)
Summing Up	328	(2)
Eating Disorders, Obesity, and Sleep Disorders	330	(34)
Eating Disorders	331	(8)
Anorexia Nervosa	332	(2)
Bulimia Nervosa	334	(2)
Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia	336	(3)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Should Barbie Be Banned?	339	(2)
Questionnaire
The Fear of Fat Scale	341	(3)
Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia	341	(2)
Binge-Eating Disorder	343	(1)
Obesity: A National Epidemic	344	(7)
Are You Obese?	345	(1)
What Causes Obesity?	346	(3)
Ethnic and Socioeconomic Differences in Obesity	349	(2)
Facing the Challenge of Obesity	351	(1)
Sleep Disorders	351	(9)
Dyssomnias	353	(4)
Parasomnias	357	(1)
Treatment of Sleep Disorders	358	(2)
A Closer Look
To Sleep, Perchance to Dream	360	(2)
Summing Up	362	(2)
Disorders Involving Gender and Sexuality	364	(36)
Gender Identity Disorder	366	(4)
Theoretical Perspectives	369	(1)
A Closer Look
Homophobia: Social Prejudice or Personal Psychopathology?	370	(1)
Sexual Dysfunctions	371	(12)
Types of Sexual Dysfunctions	371	(3)
Theoretical Perspectives	374	(4)
Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions	378	(5)
Paraphilias	383	(8)
Types of Paraphilias	384	(6)
Theoretical Perspectives	390	(1)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
``Cybersex Addiction''---A New Psychological Disorder?	391	(3)
Treatment of Paraphilias	392	(2)
Rape	394	(4)
Types of Rape	396	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives	397	(1)
Questionnaire
Cultural Myths That Create a Climate That Supports Rape	398	(1)
Summing Up	398	(2)
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders	400	(38)
Schizophrenia	401	(21)
Course of Development	403	(1)
Prevalence	404	(1)
Diagnostic Features	405	(4)
Perceptual Disturbances	409	(3)
Subtypes of Schizophrenia	412	(2)
Theoretical Perspectives	414	(8)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Is Mental Illness a Myth?	422	(3)
Tying It Together: The Diathesis-Stress Model	425	(7)
Treatment Approaches	427	(5)
Other Forms of Psychosis	432	(1)
Brief Psychotic Disorder	432	(1)
Schizophreniform Disorder	432	(1)
Delusional Disorder	432	(1)
A Closer Look
The Love Delusion	433	(3)
Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders	434	(2)
Summing Up	436	(2)
Personality Disorders	438	(32)
Types of Personality Disorders	439	(8)
Personality Disorders Characterized by Odd or Eccentric Behavior	440	(3)
Personality Disorders Characterized by Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behavior	443	(4)
A Closer Look
Did Samson Have Antisocial Personality Disorder?	447	(9)
Personality Disorders Characterized by Anxious or Fearful Behavior	451	(3)
Problems with the Classification of Personality Disorders	454	(2)
Theoretical Perspectives	456	(1)
Psychodynamic Perspectives	456	(1)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Are Personality Disorders Sexist?	457	(4)
Learning Perspectives	459	(1)
Family Perspectives	460	(1)
Biological Perspectives	461	(1)
A Closer Look
``In Cold Blood'': Peering into the Minds of Psychopathic Murderers	461	(2)
Sociocultural Perspectives	463	(1)
Tying It Together	463	(1)
Questionnaire
The Sensation = Seeking Scale	464	(1)
Treatment of Personality Disorders	465	(3)
Psychodynamic Approaches	465	(1)
Behavioral Approaches	466	(1)
Biological Approaches	466	(2)
Summing Up	468	(2)
Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence	470	(38)
Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence	471	(3)
Cultural Beliefs About What Is Normal and Abnormal	472	(1)
Prevalence of Mental Health Problems in Children and Adolescents	472	(1)
Risk Factors for Childhood Disorders	473	(1)
Pervasive Developmental Disorders	474	(6)
Autism	474	(6)
Mental Retardation	480	(5)
Causes of Mental Retardation	481	(3)
Intervention	484	(1)
Learning Disorders	485	(1)
Types of Learning Disorders	485	(1)
A Closer Look
The Savant Syndrome	486	(1)
Understanding and Treating Learning Disorders	487	(1)
Communication Disorders	487	(2)
Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders	489	(6)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	489	(3)
Conduct Disorder	492	(1)
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	493	(2)
Childhood Anxiety and Depression	495	(5)
Separation Anxiety Disorder	494	(3)
Childhood Depression	497	(1)
Understanding and Treating Childhood Anxiety Disorders	497	(1)
Understanding and Treating Childhood Depression	498	(2)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Are We Overmedicating Our Kids?	500	(2)
Suicide in Children and Adolescents	500	(2)
Elimination Disorders	502	(4)
Enuresis	502	(2)
Encopresis	504	(2)
Summing Up	506	(2)
Cognitive Disorders and Disorders Related to Aging	508	(24)
Cognitive Disorders	509	(7)
Dementia	512	(1)
Delirium	513	(1)
Amnestic Disorders	514	(2)
Psychological Disorders Related to Aging	516	(8)
Anxiety Disorders and Aging	516	(1)
Depression and Aging	517	(1)
Sleep Problems and Aging	518	(1)
Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type	519	(5)
Vascular Dementia	524	(1)
Questionnaire
Examining Your Attitudes Toward Aging	524	(1)
Dementias Due to General Medical Conditions	525	(3)
Dementia Due to Pick's Disease	525	(1)
Dementia Due to Parkinson's Disease	525	(2)
Dementia Due to Huntington's Disease	527	(1)
Dementia Due to HIV Disease	527	(1)
Dementia Due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease	527	(1)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
Genetic Testing: Should People at Risk Be Tested?	528	(2)
Dementia Due to Head Trauma	528	(1)
Neurosyphilis	529	(1)
Summing Up	530	(2)
Abnormal Psychology and the Law	532	(20)
Psychiatric Commitment and Patient's Rights	534	(3)
Predicting Dangerousness	535	(2)
Controversies in Abnormal Psychology
What Should We Do About the ``Wild Man of West 96th Street''?	537	(7)
Patients' Rights	539	(5)
A Closer Look
The Duty to Warn
The Insanity Defense	544	(6)
Legal Bases of the Insanity Defense	546	(1)
Determining the Length of Criminal Commitment	547	(1)
Perspectives on the Insanity Defense	548	(1)
Competency to Stand Trial	549	(1)
Summing Up	550	(2)
Glossary	552	(11)
References	563	(40)
Credits	603	(2)
Author Index	605	(10)
Subject Index	615