Absolute C++

by Savitch, Walter

• ISBN13: 9780321330239
• ISBN10: 0321330234
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Addison Wesley

Summary

Offers complete coverage of the C++ programming language.This title offers provides all the tools necessary for experienced and novice programmers to master C++, including: thorough coverage of the Standard Template Library; complete and fully executable code throughout; sections highlighting programming tips and common pitfalls; and a logical order of coverage of C++ topics in order for readers to better understand the language.This book is appropriate for anyone interested in learning how to programming using the C++ programming language.

Table of Contents

C++ Basics	1	(44)
Introduction to C++	2	(4)
Origins of the C++ Language	2	(1)
C++ and Object-Oriented Programming	3	(1)
The Character of C++	3	(1)
C++ Terminology	4	(1)
A Sample C++ Program	4	(2)
Variables, Expressions, and Assignment Statements	6	(22)
Identifiers	6	(2)
Variables	8	(2)
Assignment Statements	10	(2)
Pitfall: Uninitialized Variables	12	(1)
Tip: Use Meaningful Names	13	(1)
More Assignment Statements	13	(1)
Assignment Compatibility	14	(1)
Literals	15	(2)
Escape Sequences	17	(1)
Naming Constants	17	(2)
Arithmetic Operators and Expressions	19	(2)
Integer and Floating-Point Division	21	(1)
Pitfall: Division and Whole Number	22	(1)
Type Casting	23	(2)
Increment and Decrement Operators	25	(2)
Pitfall: Order of Evaluation	27	(1)
Console Input/Output	28	(7)
Output Using cout	28	(1)
New Lines in Output	29	(1)
Tip: End Each Program with \n or endl	30	(1)
Formatting for Numbers with a Decimal Point	31	(1)
Output with cerr	32	(1)
Input Using cin	32	(2)
Tip: Line Breaks in I/O	34	(1)
Program Style	35	(1)
Comments	35	(1)
Libraries and Namespaces	36	(9)
Libraries and include Directives	36	(1)
Namespaces	37	(1)
Pitfall: Problems with Library Names	38	(1)
Chapter Summary	38	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	39	(2)
Programming Projects	41	(4)
Flow of Control	45	(50)
Boolean Expression	46	(11)
Building Boolean Expressions	46	(1)
Pitfall: Strings of Inequalities	47	(1)
Evaluating Boolean Expressions	48	(2)
Precedence Rule	50	(4)
Pitfall: Integer Values Can Be Used as Boolean Values	54	(3)
Branching Mechanisms	57	(12)
if-else Statements	57	(1)
Compound Statements	57	(2)
Pitfall: Using = in Place of = =	59	(2)
Omitting the else	61	(1)
Nested Statement	62	(1)
Multiway if-else Statement	62	(1)
The switch Statement	62	(4)
Pitfall: Forgetting a break in a switch Statement	66	(1)
Tip: Use switch Statements for Menu	66	(1)
Enumeration Types	66	(1)
The Conditional Operation	67	(2)
Loops	69	(26)
The while and do-while Statements	69	(3)
Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited	72	(3)
The Comma Operator	75	(1)
The for Statement	76	(3)
Tip: Repeat-N-Times Loops	79	(1)
Pitfall: Extra Semicolon in a for Statement	79	(1)
Pitfall: Infinite Loops	80	(3)
The break and continue Statement	83	(3)
Nested Loops	86	(1)
Chapter Summary	86	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	87	(5)
Programming Projects	92	(3)
Function Basics	95	(44)
Predefined Functions	96	(12)
Predefined Functions That Return a Value	96	(5)
Predefined void Functions	101	(2)
A Random Number Generator	103	(5)
Programmer-Defined Functions	108	(13)
Defining Functions That Return a Value	108	(3)
Alternate Form for Function Declarations	111	(1)
Pitfall: Arguments in the Wrong Order	111	(1)
Pitfall: Use the Terms Parameter and Argument	111	(1)
Functions Calling Functions	112	(1)
Example: A Rounding Function	112	(2)
Functions That Return a Boolean Value	114	(1)
Defining void Functions	115	(2)
return Statements in void Functions	117	(2)
Preconditions and Postconditions	119	(1)
main is a Function	119	(1)
Recursive Functions	120	(1)
Scope Rules	121	(18)
Local Variables	122	(1)
Procedural Abstraction	122	(3)
Global Constants and Global Variables	125	(3)
Blocks	128	(1)
Nested Scopes	129	(1)
Tip: Use Function Calls in Branching and Loop Statements	129	(1)
Variables Declared in a for Loop	130	(1)
Chapter Summary	131	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	131	(4)
Programming Projects	135	(4)
Parameters and Overloading	139	(42)
Parameters	140	(18)
Call-by-Value Parameters	140	(3)
A First Look at Call-by-Reference Parameters	143	(2)
Call-by-Reference Mechanism in Detail	145	(2)
Constant Reference Parameters	147	(1)
Example: The swap Values Function	148	(1)
Tip: Think of Actions, Not Code	149	(1)
Mixed Parameter Lists	150	(1)
Tip: What Kind of Parameter to Use	151	(1)
Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables	152	(3)
Tip: Choosing Formal Parameter Names	155	(1)
Example: Buying Pizza	155	(3)
Overloading and Default Arguments	158	(11)
Introduction to Overloading	159	(2)
Pitfall: Automatic Type Conversion and Overloading	161	(2)
Rules for Resolving Overloading	163	(1)
Example: Revised Pizza-Buying Program	164	(3)
Default Arguments	167	(2)
Testing and Debugging Functions	169	(12)
The assert Macro	169	(1)
Stubs and Drivers	170	(4)
Chapter Summary	174	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	174	(2)
Programming Projects	176	(5)
Arrays	181	(54)
Introduction to Arrays	182	(9)
Declaring and Referencing Arrays	182	(3)
Tip: Use for Loops with Arrays	185	(1)
Pitfall: Array Indexes Always Start with Zero	185	(1)
Tip: Use a Defined Constant for the Size of an Array	185	(1)
Arrays in Memory	186	(1)
Pitfall: Array Index Out of Range	187	(2)
Initializing Arrays	189	(2)
Arrays in Functions	191	(13)
Indexed Variables as Function Arguments	191	(2)
Entire Arrays as Function Arguments	193	(3)
The const Parameter Modifier	196	(2)
Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const Parameters	198	(1)
Functions That Return an Array	198	(1)
Example: Production Graph	199	(5)
Programming With Arrays	204	(10)
Partially Filled Arrays	204	(1)
Tip: Do Not Skimp on Formal Parameters	205	(2)
Example: Searching an Array	207	(3)
Example: Sorting an Array	210	(4)
Multidimensional Arrays	214	(21)
Multidimensional Array Basics	214	(2)
Multidimensional Array Parameters	216	(1)
Example: Two-Dimensional Grading Program	217	(5)
Chapter Summary	222	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	223	(4)
Programming Projects	227	(8)
Structures and Classes	235	(36)
Structures	236	(13)
Structure Types	238	(4)
Pitfall: Forgetting a Semicolon in a Structure Definition	242	(1)
Structures as Function Arguments	242	(1)
Tip: Use Hierarchical Structures	243	(3)
Initializing Structures	246	(3)
Classes	249	(22)
Defining Classes and Member Functions	249	(5)
Encapsulation	254	(1)
Public and Private Members	255	(4)
Accessor and Mutator Functions	259	(2)
Tip: Separate Interface and Implementation	261	(1)
Tip: A Test for Encapsulation	262	(1)
Structures versus Classes	263	(2)
Tip: Thinking Objects	265	(1)
Chapter Summary	265	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	266	(2)
Programming Projects	268	(3)
Constructors and Other Tools	271	(46)
Constructors	272	(19)
Constructor Definitions	272	(5)
Pitfall: Constructors with No Arguments	277	(2)
Explicit Constructor Calls	279	(1)
Tip: Always Include a Default Constructor	279	(3)
Example: BankAccount Class	282	(6)
Class Type Member Variables	288	(3)
More Tools	291	(13)
The const Parameter Modifier	292	(2)
Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const	294	(4)
Inline Functions	298	(1)
Static Members	299	(5)
Nested and Local Class Definitions	304	(1)
Vectors---A Previews of the Standard Template Library	304	(13)
Vector Basics	305	(3)
Pitfall: Using Square Brackets beyond the Vector Size	308	(1)
Tip: Vector Assignment Is Well Behaved	309	(1)
Efficiency Issues	309	(2)
Chapter Summary	311	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	311	(3)
Programming Projects	314	(3)
Operator Overloading, Friends, and References	317	(50)
Basic Operator Overloading	318	(16)
Overloading Basics	319	(5)
Tip: A Constructor Can Return an Object	324	(1)
Returning by const Value	325	(3)
Tip: Returning Member Variables of a Class Type	328	(1)
Overloading Unary Operators	329	(1)
Overloading as Members Functions	330	(2)
Tip: A Class Has Access to All Its Objects	332	(1)
Overloading Function Application ( )	333	(1)
Pitfall: Overloading &&, ||, and the Comma Operator	334	(1)
Friend Functions and Automatic Type Conversion	334	(8)
Constructors for Automatic Type Conversion	334	(1)
Pitfall: Member Operators and Automatic Type Conversion	335	(1)
Friend Functions	336	(4)
Pitfall: Compilers without Friends	340	(1)
Friend Classes	340	(2)
References and More Overloaded Operators	342	(25)
References	342	(1)
Pitfall: Returning a Reference to Certain Member Variables	343	(1)
Overloading >> and <<	344	(7)
Tip: What Mode of Returned Value to Use	351	(2)
The Assignment Operator	353	(1)
Overloading the Increment and Decrement Operators	354	(3)
Overloading the Array Operator [ ]	357	(2)
Overloading Based on L-Value versus R-Value	359	(1)
Chapter Summary	359	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	360	(2)
Programming Projects	362	(5)
Strings	367	(54)
An Array Type for Strings	368	(14)
C-String Values and C-String Variables	369	(4)
Pitfall: Using = and = = with C-Strings	373	(2)
Other Functions in <cstring>	375	(4)
C-String Input and Output	379	(3)
Character Manipulation Tools	382	(12)
Character I/O	382	(1)
The Member Functions get and put	382	(3)
Example: Checking Input Using a Newline Function	385	(1)
Pitfall: Unexpected `\n' in Input	386	(2)
The putback, peek, and ignore Member Functions	388	(2)
Character-Manipulating Functions	390	(2)
Pitfall: toupper and to lower Return int Values	392	(2)
The Standard Class string	394	(27)
Introduction to the Standard Class string	394	(2)
I/O with the Class string	396	(5)
Tip: More Versions of getline	401	(1)
Pitfall: Mixing cin >> variable; and getline	401	(1)
String Processing with the Class string	402	(4)
Example: Palindrome Testing	406	(5)
Converting between string Objects and C-Strings	411	(1)
Chapter Summary	411	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	412	(3)
Programming Projects	415	(6)
Pointers and Dynamic Arrays	421	(54)
Pointers	422	(17)
Pointer Variables	423	(8)
Basic Memory Management	431	(3)
Pitfall: Dangling Pointers	434	(1)
Dynamic Variables and Automatic Variables	434	(1)
Tip: Define Pointer Types	435	(2)
Pitfall: Pointers as Call-by-Value Parameters	437	(2)
Uses for Pointers	439	(1)
Dynamic Arrays	439	(12)
Array Variables and Pointer Variables	439	(2)
Creating and Using Dynamic Arrays	441	(4)
Example: A Function That Returns an Array	445	(2)
Pointer Arithmetic	447	(1)
Multidimensional Dynamic Arrays	448	(3)
Classes, Pointers, and Dynamic Arrays	451	(24)
The -< Operator	451	(1)
The this Pointer	452	(1)
Overloading the Assignment Operator	453	(3)
Example: A Class for Partially Filled Arrays	456	(7)
Destructors	463	(2)
Copy Constructors	465	(4)
Chapter Summary	469	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	470	(2)
Programming Projects	472	(3)
Separate Compilation and Namespaces	475	(44)
Separate Compilation	476	(15)
Encapsulation Reviewed	477	(1)
Header Files and Implementation Files	478	(8)
Example: DigitalTime Class	486	(1)
Tip: Reusable Components	487	(1)
Using #ifndef	487	(3)
Tip: Defining Other Libraries	490	(1)
Namespaces	491	(28)
Namespaces and using Directives	491	(2)
Creating a Namespace	493	(3)
Using Declarations	496	(2)
Qualifying Names	498	(2)
Tip: Choosing a Name for a Namespace	500	(1)
Example: A Class Definition in a Namespace	501	(1)
Unnamed Namespaces	502	(7)
Pitfall: Confusing the Global Namespace and the Unnamed Namespace	509	(1)
Tip: Unnamed Namespaces Replace the static Qualifer	509	(1)
Tip: Hiding Helping Functions	509	(1)
Nested Namespaces	510	(1)
Tip: What Namespace Specification Should You Use?	510	(4)
Chapter Summary	514	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	514	(2)
Programming Projects	516	(3)
Streams and File I/O	519	(52)
I/O Streams	521	(16)
File I/O	521	(5)
Pitfall: Restrictions on Stream Variables	526	(1)
Appending to a File	526	(2)
Tip: Another Syntax for Opening a File	528	(1)
Tip: Check That a File Was Opened Successfully	529	(3)
Character I/O	532	(1)
Checking for the End of a File	533	(4)
Tools for Stream I/O	537	(14)
File Names as Input	537	(1)
Formatting Output with Stream Functions	538	(4)
Manipulators	542	(1)
Saving Flag Settings	543	(1)
More Output Stream Member Functions	544	(2)
Example: Cleaning Up a File Format	546	(2)
Example: Editing a Text File	548	(3)
Stream Hierarchies: A Preview of Inheritance	551	(6)
Inheritance among Stream Classes	551	(2)
Example: Another new Line Function	553	(4)
Random Access to Files	557	(14)
Chapter Summary	559	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	559	(3)
Programming Projects	562	(9)
Recursion	571	(38)
Recursive void Functions	573	(12)
Example: Vertical Numbers	573	(3)
Tracing a Recursive Call	576	(3)
A Closer Look at Recursion	579	(1)
Pitfall: Infinite Recursion	580	(2)
Stacks for Recursion	582	(2)
Pitfall: Stack Overflow	584	(1)
Recursion versus Iteration	584	(1)
Recursive Functions That Return a Value	585	(6)
General Form for a Recursive Function That Returns a Value	585	(1)
Example: Another Powers Function	586	(5)
Thinking Recursively	591	(18)
Recursive Design Techniques	591	(1)
Binary Search	592	(9)
Chapter Summary	601	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	601	(5)
Programming Projects	606	(3)
Inheritance	609	(46)
Inheritance Basics	610	(23)
Derived Classes	610	(10)
Constructors in Derived Classes	620	(2)
Pitfall: Use of Private Member Variables from the Base Class	622	(2)
Pitfall: Private Member Functions Are Effectively Not Inherited	624	(1)
The protected Qualifier	624	(3)
Redefinition of Member Functions	627	(2)
Redefining versus Overloading	629	(1)
Access to a Redefined Base Function	630	(1)
Functions That Are Not Inherited	631	(2)
Programming With Inheritance	633	(22)
Assignment Operators and Copy Constructors in Derived Classes	633	(1)
Destructors in Derived Classes	634	(1)
Example: Partially Filled Array with Backup	634	(9)
Pitfall: Same Object on Both Sides of the Assignment Operator	643	(1)
Example: Alternate Implementation of PFArrayDBak	644	(3)
Tip: A Class Has Access to Private Members of All Objects of the Class	647	(1)
Tip: ``Is a'' versus ``Has a''	647	(1)
Protected and Private Inheritance	648	(1)
Multiple Inheritance	649	(1)
Chapter Summary	650	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	650	(2)
Programming Projects	652	(3)
Polymorphism and Virtual Functions	655	(28)
Virtual Function Basics	656	(13)
Late Binding	656	(1)
Virtual Functions in C++	657	(7)
Tip: The Virtual Property Is Inherited	664	(1)
Tip: When to Use a Virtual Function	664	(1)
Pitfall: Omitting the Definition of a Virtual Member Function	665	(1)
Abstract Classes and Pure Virtual Functions	665	(2)
Example: An Abstract Class	667	(2)
Pointers and Virtual Functions	669	(14)
Virtual Functions and Extended Type Compatibility	669	(5)
Pitfall: The Slicing Problem	674	(1)
Tip: Make Destructors Virtual	675	(1)
Downcasting and Upcasting	676	(2)
How C++ Implements Virtual Functions	678	(1)
Chapter Summary	679	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	679	(1)
Programming Projects	680	(3)
Templates	683	(38)
Function Templates	684	(14)
Syntax for Function Templates	686	(3)
Pitfall: Compiler Complications	689	(1)
Tip: How to Define Templates	690	(2)
Example: A Generic Sorting Function	692	(4)
Pitfall: Using a Template with an Inappropriate Type	696	(2)
Class Templates	698	(11)
Syntax for Class Templates	698	(5)
Example: An Array Template Class	703	(6)
The vector and basic_string Templates	709	(1)
Templates and Inheritance	709	(12)
Example: Template Class for a Partially Filled Array with Backup	710	(6)
Chapter Summary	716	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	716	(4)
Programming Projects	720	(1)
Linked Data Structures	721	(72)
Nodes and Linked Lists	723	(24)
Nodes	723	(5)
Linked Lists	728	(2)
Inserting a Node at the Head of a List	730	(3)
Pitfall: Losing Nodes	733	(1)
Inserting and Removing Nodes Inside a List	734	(4)
Pitfall: Using the Assignment Operator with Dynamic Data Structures	738	(1)
Searching a Linked List	738	(5)
Example: A Generic Sorting Template Version of Linked List Tools	743	(4)
Linked List Applications	747	(15)
Example: A Stack Template Class	748	(7)
Example: A Queue Template Class	755	(3)
Tip: A Comment on Namespaces	758	(1)
Friend Classes and Similar Alternatives	759	(3)
Iterators	762	(9)
Pointers as Iterators	762	(1)
Iterator Classes	763	(1)
Example: An Iterator Class	764	(7)
Trees	771	(22)
Tree Properties	772	(3)
Example: A Tree Template Class	775	(5)
Chapter Summary	780	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	780	(8)
Programming Projects	788	(5)
Exception Handling	793	(30)
Exception Handling Basics	795	(20)
A Toy Example of Exception Handling	795	(9)
Defining Your Own Exception Classes	804	(2)
Multiple Throws and Catches	806	(2)
Pitfall: Catch the More Specific Exception First	808	(1)
Tip: Exception Classes Can Be Trivial	809	(1)
Throwing an Exception in a Function	810	(1)
Exception Specification	810	(4)
Pitfall: Exception Specification in Derived Classes	814	(1)
Programming Techniques for Exception Handling	815	(8)
When to Throw an Exception	815	(2)
Pitfall: Uncaught Exceptions	817	(1)
Pitfall: Nested try-catch Blocks	817	(1)
Pitfall: Overuse of Exceptions	818	(1)
Exception Class Hierarchies	818	(1)
Testing for Available Memory	818	(1)
Rethrowing an Exception	819	(1)
Chapter Summary	819	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	820	(1)
Programming Projects	821	(2)
Standard Template Library	823	(52)
Iterators	825	(14)
Iterator Basics	825	(6)
Kinds of Iterators	831	(3)
Constant and Mutable Iterators	834	(2)
Reverse Iterators	836	(2)
Pitfall: Compiler Problems	838	(1)
Other Kinds of Iterators	838	(1)
Containers	839	(14)
Sequential Containers	839	(5)
Pitfall: Iterators and Removing Elements	844	(1)
Tip: Type Definitions in Containers	844	(1)
The Container Adapters stack and queue	845	(1)
The Associative Containers set and map	846	(5)
Efficiency	851	(2)
Generic Algorithms	853	(22)
Running Times and Big-O Notation	854	(4)
Container Access Running Times	858	(1)
Nonmodifying Sequence Algorithms	859	(4)
Modifying Sequence Algorithms	863	(2)
Set Algorithms	865	(1)
Sorting Algorithms	865	(2)
Chapter Summary	867	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	868	(2)
Programming Projects	870	(5)
Patterns and UML	875	(36)
Patterns	876	(11)
Adapter Pattern	877	(1)
The Model-View-Controller Pattern	877	(2)
Example: A Sorting Pattern	879	(6)
Efficiency of the Sorting Pattern	885	(1)
Tip: Pragmatics and Patterns	886	(1)
Pattern Formalism	886	(1)
UML	887	(6)
History of UML	887	(1)
UML Class Diagrams	888	(1)
Class Interactions	889	(1)
Chapter Summary	889	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	889	(2)
Programming Projects	891	(2)
Appendix 1 C++ Keywords	893	(2)
Appendix 2 Precedence of Operators	895	(4)
Appendix 3 The ASCII Character Set	899	(2)
Appendix 4 Some Library Functions	901	(8)
Arithmetic Functions	901	(1)
Input and Output Member Functions	902	(1)
Character Functions	903	(1)
C-String Functions	904	(2)
string Class Functions	906	(1)
Random Number Generator	907	(1)
Trigonometric Functions	908	(1)
Appendix 5 Old and New Header Files	909	(2)
Further Reading	911	(2)
Index	913