Academic Literacy

by Unknown

• ISBN13: 9780618042722
• ISBN10: 0618042725
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-08-11
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Table of Contents

To the Instructor	xxiii
To the Student	xxvii
PART 1: HANDBOOK FOR READING AND STUDYING STRATEGIES
Taking Control of Your Reading	3	(32)
Assessing Your Academic Self-Esteem	4	(2)
Survey of Academic Self-Esteem	4	(2)
Assessing Your Academic Self-Esteem	6	(1)
Taking Control of Your Learning	6	(1)
Taking Control of Your Learning Environment	6	(5)
Planning Your Time	6	(1)
Creating a Schedule	7	(3)
Learning about Your Instructor	10	(1)
Taking Control of Your Comprehension	11	(20)
Learning About Your Textbook	11	(2)
Assessing Your Textbooks	13	(1)
Preparing Yourself to Read	14	(2)
Strategies for Preparing Yourself to Read	16	(1)
Staying Mentally Active While You Read	17	(1)
Taking Ownership of Ideas in Texts	18	(1)
Identifying Essential Ideas in Sentences	18	(2)
Identifying Essential Ideas in Sentences	20	(1)
More about Predicates	21	(1)
More about Clause Markers	21	(2)
Finding Embedded Ideas in Text	23	(2)
Finding Embedded Ideas in Text	25	(1)
Rewriting Sentences	26	(1)
Rewriting Key Sentences from Text	27	(1)
Self-Monitoring Strategies	28	(1)
Assessing Your Learning	28	(2)
Postreading Assessment Strategies	30	(1)
Using Outside Sources to Gain Background Knowledge	30	(1)
Preparing for Tests	31	(2)
Test-Taking Tips	32	(1)
Chapter Summary	33	(1)
Extended Application	34	(1)
Using Context Clues and Other Strategies for Increasing Vocabulary	35	(32)
How Will Context Help You Read Academic Text?	36	(2)
Learning What Context Clues Can Do for You	36	(2)
What Is the Process for Using Context Clues?	38	(2)
What Are the Most Useful Types of Context Clues?	40	(11)
Contrast or Antonym Clues	40	(1)
Contrast and Antonym Clues	41	(1)
Restatement or Synonym Clues	42	(1)
Restatement and Synonym Clues	42	(1)
Definition Clues	43	(1)
Definition Clues	43	(1)
Illustration or Example Clues	44	(1)
Illustration and Example Clues	45	(1)
Experience or Common-Sense Clues	46	(1)
Experience and Common-Sense Clues	47	(1)
Reviewing Context Clues	48	(1)
Defining Words without Using a Dictionary	48	(3)
Intelligent Use of the Dictionary	51	(8)
Identifying Your Prior Knowledge about the Dictionary	52	(3)
Recognizing Functions of Entries in Dictionaries	55	(2)
Using the Dictionary to Define Words	57	(1)
Using the Dictionary to Check Pronunciation	57	(1)
Using the Dictionary to Check Spelling	57	(1)
Using the Dictionary to Check Word Usage	58	(1)
Personal Use of the Dictionary	58	(1)
Word Structure: A Clue to Word Meaning	59	(6)
Recognizing and Using Word Structure	59	(2)
Your Conclusions about Word Structure	61	(3)
Applying Your Knowledge of Word Structure	64	(1)
Chapter Summary	65	(1)
Extended Application	66	(1)
Strategic Reading for Topics, Subtopics, and Main Ideas	67	(31)
What Is the Topic of a Reading Selection?	68	(1)
Recognizing Topics and Subtopics	69	(8)
Narrowing Topics	69	(2)
Recognizing Topics by Previewing	71	(2)
Identifying Topic and Subtopic Relationships	73	(1)
Chapter Subtopics	74	(1)
Using Your Prior Knowledge to Make Predictions	74	(1)
Looking for Repetition	75	(1)
Composing Questions to Check Comprehension before and during Reading	76	(1)
Just What is the Main Idea?	77	(4)
Distinguishing between Topics and Main Ideas	78	(1)
Progressing from Topics to Main Ideas	78	(1)
Identifying Topics of Main-Idea Sentences	79	(2)
Summing It Up	81	(1)
Purposes for Creating Main-Idea Sentences	81	(1)
The Process for Creating Main-Idea Sentences	82	(2)
Other Considerations for Creating Main-Idea Sentences	84	(7)
Main Ideas in Longer Selections	86	(1)
Creating Main-Idea Sentences	86	(3)
Creating Main-Idea Maps for Paragraphs	89	(2)
Testing Your Main-Idea Sentences	91	(5)
Distinguishing between General and Specific Sentences	91	(3)
Testing Your Main-Idea Sentences	94	(1)
Using Main Ideas to Raise Questions	95	(1)
Chapter Summary	96	(1)
Extended Application	96	(2)
Understanding Details	98	(24)
Why Are Details Needed?	99	(3)
Adding Supporting Sentences to Paragraphs	99	(2)
Describing the Process	101	(1)
Understanding Types of Details	102	(6)
Details That Offer Reasons or Arguments	102	(1)
Details That Provide Description	103	(1)
Details That Outline Steps or Procedures	103	(1)
Details That Give Single or Multiple Examples or Illustrations	103	(1)
Details That Cite Facts or Statistics	104	(1)
Paragraphs That Combine Types of Details	105	(1)
Recognizing Types of Details	105	(3)
Details as Answers to Questions	108	(5)
Predicting Details from Main-Idea Sentences	109	(4)
Major and Minor Details	113	(7)
Recognizing Major and Minor Details	114	(5)
Understanding Your Thought Process	119	(1)
Chapter Summary	120	(1)
Extended Application	120	(2)
Understanding Organizational Patterns in Academic Texts	122	(41)
Reviewing What You Already Know	123	(2)
Recognizing What You Already Know about Patterns	124	(1)
How Can Patterns Be Identified?	125	(12)
Simple Listing	125	(2)
Definition and Explanation	127	(1)
Comparison and Contrast	128	(2)
Thesis and Proof or Opinion and Reason	130	(2)
Cause and Effect	132	(3)
Problem and Solution	135	(2)
Relationships between Main Ideas and Patterns	137	(1)
Recognizing Patterns of Organization	138	(9)
Predicting Patterns	139	(1)
Identifying Patterns in Text	140	(5)
Patterns in Multiparagraph Essays	145	(2)
Using Patterns to Help You Remember	147	(14)
Concept Maps (for Key Vocabulary)	148	(2)
Semantic Webbing	150	(2)
Hierarchical Array	152	(2)
Linear Array	154	(1)
Visual Aids to Show Comparisons and Contrasts	155	(6)
Chapter Summary	161	(1)
Extended Application	162	(1)
Strategies for Critical Reading and Thinking	163	(49)
What Is Critical Reading?	164	(5)
Critical Analysis of Three News Articles	164	(4)
Your Conclusions about Content and Language	168	(1)
Distinguishing Statements of Fact from Statements of Opinion	169	(6)
Creating Fact and Opinion Descriptors	171	(1)
Evaluating What You Know	171	(1)
Personal Facts and Opinions	172	(1)
Recognizing Statements of Fact and Opinion	172	(2)
Recognizing Segments of Fact and Opinion in Sentences	174	(1)
Reviewing Your Decision-Making Process	175	(1)
Evidence for Statements of Opinion	175	(4)
Expert Opinion	175	(1)
Informed Opinion	176	(1)
Unsupported Opinion	177	(1)
Identifying Support for Opinions	178	(1)
Additional Criteria for Judging Facts and Opinions	179	(2)
The Author's Qualifications	180	(1)
The Source of the Material	180	(1)
The Author's Bias	180	(1)
Recognizing Point of View	181	(5)
Determining Point of View	183	(2)
Personal Response to Point of View	185	(1)
Reading to Make Inferences	186	(1)
Inferences in Everyday Life	186	(1)
Finding Support for Your Inferences	187	(6)
Understanding How to Make Inferences	189	(1)
Identifying Possible Inferences	189	(4)
Contrasting Processes for Inferences and Main Ideas	193	(1)
Identifying Author's Style, Mood, and Tone	193	(1)
Identifying Author's Style	193	(10)
Identifying Author's Style	195	(3)
Inferring Mood and Tone	198	(2)
Identifying Author's Mood and Tone	200	(3)
Mood and Tone in Films	203	(1)
Drawing Conclusions from Your Reading	203	(7)
What Are Conclusions?	204	(1)
Identifying Conclusions	205	(3)
Reflecting on Drawing Conclusions	208	(1)
Evidence for Conclusions	208	(1)
Your Conclusions about Conclusions	208	(2)
Chapter Summary	210	(1)
Extended Application	211	(1)
Strategies for Reading Visual Aids in Texts	212	(43)
What Are Visual Aids?	213	(1)
Determining the Value of Visual Aids	213	(1)
What Are the Various Types of Visual Aids?	214	(10)
Charts	214	(1)
Graphs	215	(4)
Tables	219	(1)
Timelines	220	(1)
Photographs	221	(1)
Diagrams	222	(1)
Your Prior Experience with Visual Aids	222	(1)
Creating a Visual Aid Reference Table	223	(1)
How Do Visual Aids Facilitate Comprehension?	224	(3)
Responding to Visual Aids	225	(1)
Assessing the Impact of a Photo	226	(1)
What Are Effective Strategies for Reading Visual Aids?	227	(1)
Previewing Visual Aids	228	(8)
Previewing Graphs	228	(2)
Previewing Tables	230	(3)
Previewing Other Types of Visual Aids	233	(2)
Sharing What You Know with Others	235	(1)
Noting Details	236	(4)
Understanding Details on Visual Aids	238	(2)
Connecting Visual Aids to Text	240	(6)
Connecting Visual Aids and Text	241	(5)
Making Inferences from Visual Aids	246	(2)
Applying Your Prior Knowledge About Inferences	246	(1)
Making Inferences from Visual Aids	247	(1)
Drawing Conclusions from Visual Aids	248	(5)
Using Your Prior Knowledge about Drawing Conclusions	248	(2)
Drawing Conclusions from Visual Aids	250	(3)
Chapter Summary	253	(1)
Extended Application	254	(1)
Strategies for Active Listening and Notetaking	255	(41)
Becoming a Good Listener	256	(2)
Your Listening Habits	256	(1)
How Good a Listener Are You?	257	(1)
Analyzing Your Listening Strengths	258	(1)
Indicators of Positive Listening	258	(8)
Connecting with the Speaker	258	(1)
Maintaining Concentration	259	(2)
Listening with the Intent to Learn	261	(2)
Controlling Your Listening Experience	263	(1)
Analyzing Instructional Styles	264	(2)
Effective Notetaking from Books and Lectures	266	(1)
A Process for Effective Notetaking	267	(1)
Identifying Usable Notes	267	(4)
Your Notetaking Preferences	271	(1)
Notetaking Basics	271	(3)
Analyzing Your Notetaking Processes	273	(1)
Notetaking Systems	274	(6)
The Cornell Method	274	(3)
The Outline Method	277	(2)
Selecting a Notetaking System	279	(1)
Creating Notes from Lectures and Textbooks	280	(1)
Using Your Notes Effectively	280	(4)
Edit Your Notes	280	(1)
Cross-Reference Text Notes with Class Notes, and Vice Versa	281	(1)
Check Your Notes for Accuracy	281	(1)
Summarize Key Points	281	(1)
Practice Distributed Review	282	(1)
Formulate Questions from Your Notes	283	(1)
Making Personal Decisions about Notetaking	284	(1)
Making Notes Usable	284	(1)
Preparing Graphics from Lectures and Texts	284	(1)
Creating a Graphic from Lecture or Text Notes	285	(1)
Underlining and Marking Textbooks	285	(8)
Evaluating Notations	291	(2)
Underlining and Marking Textbooks	293	(1)
Chapter Summary	293	(1)
Extended Application	294	(2)
Assessing Your Knowledge	296	(5)
Assessing Your Academic Self-Esteem	298	(3)
PART 2: BACKGROUND ESSAYS FOR ACADEMIC LITERACY	301	(282)
Cross-Reference to Handbook for Reading and Study Strategies	302	(1)
Psychology	303	(36)
Key Concepts for the Study of Psychology	304	(1)
Studying Psychology	305	(1)
Philip G. Zimbardo
Ann L. Weber
Preview	305	(4)
To Think about Before You Read	305	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	305	(4)
Comprehension of the Discipline	309	(2)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	311	(1)
Guidelines for Reading Psychology	312	(3)
Is Everybody Crazy?	315
Sharon Begley
Preview	314	(7)
To Think about Before You Read	314	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	314	(7)
Postreading Comprehension Development	321	(5)
Sentence Rewrite	321	(1)
Author's Main Idea	322	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	322	(2)
Recalling Details	324	(2)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	326	(3)
The ``Perfect'' Trap	329
Monica Ramirez Basco
Preview	328	(6)
To Think about Before You Read	328	(1)
Term to Know Before You Read	329	(5)
Postreading Comprehension Development	334	(4)
Sentence Rewrite	334	(1)
Author's Main Idea	335	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	335	(2)
Recalling Details	337	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	338	(1)
Using Technology for Further Understanding	338	(1)
Sociology	339	(53)
Key Concepts for the Study of Sociology	340	(2)
The Sociological Perspective	342	(1)
James M. Henslin
Preview	342	(5)
To Think about Before You Read	342	(1)
Term to Know Before You Read	342	(5)
Comprehension of the Discipline	347	(3)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	350	(4)
Sociology and ``Common Sense''	351	(3)
Guidelines for Reading Sociology	354	(3)
Blown Away by School Violence	357
Donna Harrington
Preview	356	(4)
To Think about Before You Read	356	(4)
Postreading Comprehension Development	360	(5)
Sentence Rewrite	360	(1)
Author's Main Idea	361	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	361	(2)
Recalling Details	363	(2)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	365	(2)
Racist or Realistic?	367
Jill Nelson
Preview	366	(5)
To Think about Before You Read	366	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	367	(4)
Postreading Comprehension Development	371	(5)
Sentence Rewrite	371	(1)
Author's Main Idea	372	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	372	(2)
Recalling Details	374	(2)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	376	(2)
Pushing Mommy off the Track	378
Elinor Burken
Preview	377	(9)
To Think about Before You Read	377	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	377	(9)
Postreading Comprehension Development	386	(5)
Sentence Rewrite	386	(1)
Author's Main Idea	386	(1)
Inferences, Metahpors, and Vocabulary in Context	387	(1)
Recalling Details	388	(3)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	391	(1)
Using Technology for Further Understanding	391	(1)
The Sciences	392	(41)
Key Concepts for the Study of the Sciences	393	(3)
American Association for the Advancement of Science, The Nature of Science	396
Preview	394	(6)
To Think about Before You Read	394	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	395	(5)
Comprehension of the Discipline	400	(3)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	403	(1)
Guidelines for Reading the Sciences	404	(4)
What is the Truth about Global Warming?	408
Robert James Bidinotto
Preview	407	(6)
To Think about Before You Read	407	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	408	(5)
Postreading Comprehension Development	413	(6)
Sentence Rewrite	413	(1)
Author's Main Idea	413	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	414	(2)
Recalling Details	416	(3)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	419	(2)
To Be or Not To Be	421	(1)
Mark Harris
Preview	421	(7)
To Think about Before You Read	421	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	421	(7)
Postreading Comprehension Development	428	(4)
Sentence Rewrite	428	(1)
Author's Main Idea	428	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	429	(2)
Recalling Details	431	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	432	(1)
Using Technology for Further Understanding	432	(1)
Business	433	(37)
Key Concepts for the Study of Business	434	(3)
Making Work Meaningful: Secrets of the Future-Focused Corporation	437
Roger E. Herman
Joyce L. Gioia
Preview	436	(8)
To Think about Before You Read	436	(8)
Comprehension of the Discipline	444	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	445	(1)
Guidelines for Reading Business	446	(3)
McJobs	449
Ben Wildavsky
Preview	448	(4)
To Think about Before You Read	448	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	448	(4)
Postreading Comprehension Development	452	(3)
Sentence Rewrite	452	(1)
Author's Main Idea	453	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	453	(2)
Recalling Details	455	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	455	(3)
The World Is Their Ashtray	458
Chris Tilly
Preview	457	(6)
To Think about Before You Read	457	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	458	(5)
Postreading Comprehension Development	463	(5)
Sentence Rewrite	463	(1)
Author's Main Idea	464	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	464	(3)
Recalling Details	467	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	468	(2)
Using Technology for Further Understanding	469	(1)
History	470	(40)
Key Concepts for the Study of History	471	(2)
Why History?	473
F. Otnes
Preview	472	(8)
To Think about Before You Read	472	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	472	(8)
Comprehension of the Discipline	480	(3)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	483	(1)
Guidelines for Reading History	484	(4)
The Frontier	488
Richard Shenkman
Preview	487	(6)
To Think about Before You Read	487	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	488	(5)
Postreading Comprehension Development	493	(5)
Sentence Rewrite	493	(1)
Author's Main Idea	494	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	494	(3)
Recalling Details	497	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	498	(2)
Kidnapped, Enslaved, and Sold Away c. 1756	500
Olaudah Equiano
Preview	499	(5)
To Think about Before You Read	499	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	499	(5)
Postreading Comprehension Development	504	(5)
Sentence Rewrite	504	(1)
Author's Main Idea	505	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	506	(2)
Recalling Details	508	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	509	(1)
Using Technology for Further Understanding	509	(1)
Literature	510	(31)
Key Concepts for the Study of Literature	511	(1)
Why I Write Novels	512	(1)
T. Alan Broughton
Preview	512	(4)
To Think about Before You Read	512	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	512	(4)
Comprehension of the Discipline	516	(2)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	518	(1)
Guidelines for Reading Literature	519	(3)
Puerto Rican Paradise	522	(1)
Piri Thomas
Preview	522	(4)
To Think about Before You Read	522	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	522	(4)
Postreading Comprehension Development	526	(3)
Sentence Rewrite	526	(1)
Author's Main Idea	527	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	527	(1)
Recalling Details	528	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	529	(3)
Wilshire Bus	532
Hisaye Yamamoto
Preview	531	(4)
To Think about Before You Read	531	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	531	(4)
Postreading Comprehension Development	535	(4)
Sentence Rewrite	535	(1)
Author's Main Idea	536	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	537	(2)
Recalling Details	539	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	539	(2)
Using Technology for Further Understanding	540	(1)
Political Science	541	(42)
Key Concepts for the Study of Political Science	542	(1)
Politics in Everyday Life	543	(1)
Lewis A. Froman Jr.
Preview	543	(5)
To Think about Before You Read	543	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	543	(5)
Comprehension of the Discipline	548	(4)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	552	(1)
Guidelines for Reading Political Science	553	(3)
What Should We Know about American Government?	556
James Q. Wilson
Preview	555	(5)
To Think about Before You Read	555	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	555	(5)
Postreading Comprehension Development	560	(5)
Sentence Rewrite	560	(1)
Author's Main Idea	561	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	561	(2)
Recalling Details	563	(2)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	565	(4)
The Case for Affirmative Action	569
Geraldine Woods
Preview	568	(7)
To Think about Before You Read	568	(1)
Terms to Know Before You Read	568	(7)
Postreading Comprehension Development	575	(4)
Sentence Rewrite	575	(1)
Author's Main Idea	576	(1)
Inferences, Metaphors, and Vocabulary in Context	577	(2)
Recalling Details	579	(1)
Critical Thinking: Reaction and Discussion	579	(4)
Using Technology for Further Understanding	580	(3)
Appendix Readability Levels for Essays	583	(1)
Text Credits	584	(2)
Index	586