Access To Health

by Donatelle, Rebecca J.; Davis, Lorraine G.

• ISBN13: 9780805378481
• ISBN10: 0805378480
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL

Summary

Access to Health, Ninth Edition is the most comprehensive and authoritative text for your personal health class. As a teacher, mentor, and researcher, Rebecca Donatelle knows the health issues that are important to you, and she addresses them in a clear, friendly, and engaging style. This new edition offers updated coverage of hot topics such as low-carb and low-fat diets, diabetes, new contraceptive methods, and yoga, demonstrating the connection between this course and your daily life. Donatelle teaches you how to be a savvy, critical consumer of health information and provides hands-on practical tools to help you make positive behavior changes. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Part One: Finding the Right Balance
Promoting Healthy Behavior Change	2	(36)
Putting Your Health in Perspective	6	(5)
Health: Yesterday and Today	6	(3)
The Evolution toward Wellness	9	(2)
New Directions for Health	11	(8)
Healthy People 2010 and Other Initiatives	11	(1)
A New Focus on Health Promotion	11	(6)
Disease Prevention	17	(1)
Achievements in Public Health	18	(1)
Reducing Health Disparities: New Challenges	19	(1)
Preparing for Better Health in the Twenty-First Century	20	(1)
Focusing on Global Health Issues	20	(1)
Focusing on Your Health	20	(1)
Gender Differences and Health Status	21	(1)
Improving Your Health	22	(6)
Changing Your Health Behaviors	24	(1)
Factors That Influence Behavior Change	24	(1)
Motivation	25	(1)
Beliefs and Attitudes	25	(2)
Intentions to Change	27	(1)
Significant Others as Change Agents	27	(1)
Choosing a Behavior-Change Strategy	28	(4)
Shaping	28	(1)
Visualization	28	(1)
Modeling	29	(1)
Controlling the Situation	29	(1)
Reinforcement	29	(1)
Changing Self-Talk	29	(3)
Changing Your Behavior	32	(3)
Self-Assessment: Antecedents and Consequences	32	(1)
Analyzing Personal Behavior	33	(1)
Decision Making: Choices for Change	33	(1)
Setting Realistic Goals	33	(2)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	35	(1)
Summary	35	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	36	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	36	(1)
Further Reading	37	(1)
Psychosocial Health: Being Mentally, Emotionally, Socially, and Spiritually Well	38	(30)
Defining Psychosocial Health	40	(8)
Mental Health: The Thinking You	41	(2)
Emotional Health: The Feeling You	43	(1)
Social Health: Interactions with Others	44	(1)
Spiritual Health: An Inner Quest for Well-Being	45	(3)
Factors That Influence Psychosocial Health	48	(2)
External Factors	48	(1)
Internal Factors	48	(2)
Enhancing Psychosocial Health	50	(4)
Developing and Maintaining Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy	50	(1)
Sleep: The Great Restorer	51	(1)
The Mind-Body Connection	51	(1)
Happiness: A Key to Well-Being	52	(1)
Myths and Misperceptions about Happiness	52	(1)
Does Laughter Enhance Health?	52	(2)
When Psychosocial Health Deteriorates	54	(8)
Depression: The Full-Scale Tumble	54	(4)
Anxiety Disorders: Facing Your Fears	58	(2)
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)	60	(1)
Schizophrenia	60	(2)
Gender Issues in Psychosocial Health	62	(1)
Suicide: Giving Up on Life	62	(2)
Warning Signs of Suicide	63	(1)
Taking Action to Prevent Suicide	63	(1)
Seeking Professional Help	64	(2)
Getting Evaluated for Treatment	64	(1)
Mental Health Professionals	64	(1)
What to Expect in Therapy	65	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	66	(1)
Summary	66	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	67	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	67	(1)
Further Reading	67	(1)
Managing Stress: Coping with Life's Challenges	68	(30)
What Is Stress?	70	(1)
The Body's Response to Stress	70	(3)
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)	71	(2)
Stress and Your Health	73	(6)
Stress and CVD	76	(1)
Stress and Impaired Immunity	77	(1)
Stress and Diabetes	77	(2)
Stress and the Mind	79	(1)
Sources of Stress	79	(5)
Psychosocial Sources of Stress	79	(3)
Stress and ``-isms''	82	(1)
Environmental Stress	82	(1)
Self-Imposed Stress	82	(2)
Stress and the College Student	84	(3)
Managing Your Stress	87	(7)
Building Skills to Reduce Stress	87	(1)
Managing Social Interactions	88	(1)
Managing Emotional Responses	88	(2)
Taking Mental Action	90	(1)
Taking Physical Action	91	(1)
Managing Your Time	92	(1)
More Stress Management Techniques	92	(2)
Making the Most of Support Groups	94	(1)
Developing Your Spiritual Side: Mindfulness	94	(2)
The Physical Dimension: Moving in Nature	95	(1)
The Emotional Dimension: Dealing with Negative Emotions	95	(1)
The Social Dimension: Interacting, Listening, and Communicating	95	(1)
The Intellectual Dimension: Sharpening Intuition	95	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	96	(1)
Summary	96	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	97	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	97	(1)
Further Reading	97	(1)
Violence and Abuse: Creating Healthy Environments	98	(30)
Violence in the United States	100	(1)
Costs of Violence	101	(1)
Societal Causes of Violence	101	(4)
Personal Precipitators of Violence	102	(3)
Intentional Injuries	105	(14)
Gratuitous Violence	105	(1)
Bias and Hate Crimes	105	(3)
Terrorism: Increased Risks from Multiple Sources	108	(1)
Domestic Violence	109	(4)
Sexual Victimization	113	(5)
Crime on Campus: A Safe Haven?	118	(1)
Reducing Your Risk	119	(3)
Self-Defense against Rape	119	(1)
What to Do if a Rape Occurs	120	(2)
A Campuswide Response to Violence	122	(1)
Community Strategies for Preventing Violence	122	(1)
Unintentional Injuries	122	(3)
Residential Safety	123	(1)
Workplace Safety	124	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	125	(1)
Summary	126	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	126	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	126	(1)
Further Reading	127	(1)
Part Two: Creating Healthy and Caring Relationships
Healthy Relationships: Communicating Effectively with Friends, Family, and Significant Others	128	(32)
The Communication Process: Getting Started	130	(2)
Symbolism in Communication	130	(1)
How Perception Affects Communication	131	(1)
Improving Your Communication Skills	132	(7)
Learning Appropriate Self-Disclosure	132	(1)
Being a Better Listener	133	(2)
Using Nonverbal Communication	135	(1)
Expressing Difficult Feelings	135	(2)
Communicating Assertively	137	(1)
Establishing a Proper Climate	137	(1)
Managing Conflict	138	(1)
Characterizing and Forming Intimate Relationships	139	(5)
Families: The Ties That Bind	141	(1)
Establishing Friendships	141	(1)
Significant Others, Partners, Couples	142	(1)
This Thing Called Love	143	(1)
Gender Issues in Relationships	144	(4)
Styles in Decision Making	145	(1)
Picking Partners	145	(1)
Sharing Feelings	146	(1)
Communication between Couples	146	(1)
We All Want to Be Understood	146	(2)
Overcoming Barriers to Intimacy	148	(1)
Barriers to Communication	148	(1)
Dysfunctional Families	148	(1)
Jealousy in Relationships	148	(1)
Committed Relationships	149	(2)
Marriage	149	(1)
Cohabitation	150	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Partnerships	150	(1)
Staying Single	151	(1)
Success in Relationships	151	(2)
Partnering Scripts	151	(1)
Being Self-Nurturant	152	(1)
Confronting Couple Issues	152	(1)
Having Children . . . or Not?	153	(1)
When Relationships Falter	153	(2)
Getting Help	155	(1)
Trial Separations	155	(1)
When and Why Relationships End	155	(1)
Coping with Loneliness	156	(1)
Building Better Relationships	156	(1)
Elements of Healthy Relationships	157	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	157	(1)
Summary	158	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	159	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	159	(1)
Further Reading	159	(1)
Sexuality: Choices in Sexual Behavior	160	(24)
Your Sexual Identity	162	(3)
Sexual Orientation	164	(1)
Sexual Anatomy and Physiology	165	(9)
Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology	165	(6)
Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology	171	(1)
Human Sexual Response	172	(2)
Sexual Responses among Older Adults	174	(1)
Expressing Your Sexuality	174	(3)
Sexual Behavior: What Is ``Normal''?	174	(1)
Options for Sexual Expression	174	(2)
Variant Sexual Behavior	176	(1)
Difficulties That Can Hinder Sexual Function	177	(4)
Sexual Desire Disorders	177	(1)
Sexual Arousal Disorders	178	(1)
Orgasm Disorders	178	(1)
Sexual Performance Anxiety	179	(1)
Sexual Pain Disorders	179	(1)
Seeking Help for Sexual Dysfunction	179	(1)
Drugs and Sex	180	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	181	(1)
Summary	181	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	182	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	182	(1)
Further Reading	183	(1)
Reproductive Choices: Making Responsible Decisions	184	(36)
Methods of Fertility Management	186	(12)
Barrier Methods	186	(6)
Hormonal Methods	192	(2)
Surgical Methods	194	(1)
Other Methods of Contraception	195	(1)
Fertility Awareness Methods	196	(2)
Abortion	198	(4)
Methods of Abortion	199	(2)
Emotional Aspects of Abortion	201	(1)
Planning a Pregnancy	202	(1)
Emotional Health	202	(1)
Maternal Health	202	(1)
Paternal Health	202	(1)
Financial Evaluation	203	(1)
Contingency Planning	203	(1)
Pregnancy	203	(7)
Prenatal Care	203	(2)
A Woman's Reproductive Years	205	(2)
Pregnancy Testing	207	(1)
The Process of Pregnancy	207	(2)
Prenatal Testing and Screening	209	(1)
Childbirth	210	(4)
Choosing Where to Have Your Baby	210	(1)
Labor and Delivery	210	(1)
Managing Labor: Medical and Nonmedical Approaches	211	(1)
Birth Alternatives	212	(1)
Breast-Feeding and the Postpartum Period	212	(1)
Complications	213	(1)
Infertility	214	(4)
Causes in Women	215	(1)
Causes in Men	215	(1)
Treatment	215	(2)
Surrogate Motherhood	217	(1)
Adoption	217	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	218	(1)
Summary	218	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	219	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	219	(1)
Further Reading	219	(1)
Part Three: Choosing a Healthy Lifestyle
Nutrition: Eating for Optimum Health	220	(48)
Assessing Eating Behaviors: Are You What You Eat?	223	(1)
Eating for Health	224	(8)
The Food Guide Pyramid: A Work in Progress	225	(3)
Making the Pyramid Work for You	228	(2)
Using the National Guidelines to Eat Well	230	(1)
Eating Nutrient-Dense Foods	231	(1)
The Digestive Process	231	(1)
Obtaining Essential Nutrients	232	(16)
Water: A Crucial Nutrient	232	(1)
Proteins	233	(2)
Carbohydrates	235	(2)
Fiber	237	(3)
Fats	240	(1)
PUFAs and MUFAs: Unsaturated ``Good Guys''	241	(2)
Vitamins	243	(1)
Minerals	243	(5)
Can Food Have Medicinal Value?	248	(6)
Antioxidants and Your Health	250	(2)
Folate	252	(2)
Gender and Nutrition	254	(2)
Different Cycles, Different Needs	254	(1)
Changing the ``Meat-and-Potatoes'' American	254	(1)
Determining Your Nutritional Needs	255	(1)
Vegetarianism: Eating for Health	256	(2)
The Vegetarian Pyramid	257	(1)
Improved Eating for the College Student	258	(2)
Fast Foods: Eating on the Run	258	(2)
When Funds Are Short	260	(1)
Supplements: New Research on the Daily Dose	260	(1)
Food Safety: A Growing Concern	260	(5)
Foodborne Illnesses	260	(1)
Responsible Use: Avoiding Risks in the Home	261	(1)
Food Irradiation: How Safe Is It?	262	(1)
Food Additives	263	(1)
Food Allergy or Food Intolerance?	263	(1)
Is Organic for You?	264	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	265	(1)
Summary	265	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	266	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	266	(1)
Further Reading	267	(1)
Managing Your Weight: Finding a Healthy Balance	268	(34)
Determining the Right Weight for You	275	(1)
Overweight or Obese?	275	(1)
Too Little Fat?	276	(1)
Assessing Fat Levels	276	(5)
Body Mass Index (BMI)	276	(1)
Measuring Body Fat	277	(3)
Circumference and Ratio Measurements	280	(1)
Risk Factors for Obesity	281	(8)
Key Environmental Factors	282	(1)
Heredity	283	(1)
Endocrine Influence: The Hungry Hormones	283	(1)
Hunger, Appetite, and Satiety	284	(1)
Developmental Factors	284	(1)
Setpoint Theory	284	(1)
Psychosocial Factors	285	(1)
Early Sabotage: Obesity in Youth	285	(1)
Dietary Myths and Misperception	286	(1)
Metabolic Rates and Weight	286	(2)
Lifestyle	288	(1)
Gender and Obesity	288	(1)
Individuality	289	(1)
Managing Your Weight	289	(6)
Keeping Weight Control in Perspective	289	(2)
Understanding Calories	291	(1)
Adding Exercise	291	(1)
Improving Your Eating Habits	291	(1)
Selecting a Nutritional Plan	292	(1)
Considering Drastic Weight Loss Measures	293	(2)
Trying to Gain Weight	295	(1)
Thinking Thin: Body Image and Eating Disorders	296	(3)
Eating Disorders	297	(1)
Who's at Risk?	298	(1)
Treatment for Eating Disorders	298	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	299	(1)
Summary	300	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	300	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	300	(1)
Further Reading	301	(1)
Personal Fitness: Improving Health through Exercise	302	(28)
Physical Fitness, Activity, and Exercise	304	(1)
Benefits of Regular Physical Activity	304	(4)
Improved Cardiorespiratory Fitness	305	(1)
Reduced Cancer Risk	305	(1)
Improved Bone Mass	305	(1)
Improved Weight Control	306	(1)
Improved Health and Life Span	306	(1)
Improved Mental Health and Stress Management	307	(1)
Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness	308	(4)
Aerobic Fitness Programs	309	(3)
Why Are Flexibility and Stretching Exercises Important?	312	(3)
Stretching Exercises and Well-Being	312	(1)
Types of Stretching Exercises	312	(1)
Yoga, Tai Chi, and Pilates	313	(1)
Designing Your Own Stretching Exercise Program: General Guidelines	314	(1)
Improving Muscular Strength and Endurance	315	(3)
Strength and Endurance	315	(1)
Principles of Strength Development	316	(1)
Types of Muscle Activity	316	(1)
Methods of Providing Resistance	316	(1)
Benefits of Strength Training	317	(1)
Getting Started	317	(1)
Body Composition	318	(1)
Fitness Injuries	318	(9)
Causes of Fitness-Related Injuries	318	(1)
Prevention	318	(1)
Common Overuse Injuries	319	(3)
Treatment	322	(1)
Exercising in the Heat	322	(4)
Exercising in the Cold	326	(1)
Cramps: Taking Action to Prevent Problems	326	(1)
Creating Your Own Fitness Program	327	(1)
Identify Your Fitness Goals	327	(1)
Design Your Program	327	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	328	(1)
Summary	328	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	329	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	329	(1)
Further Reading	329	(1)
Part Four: Avoiding Risks from Harmful Habits
Addictions and Addictive Behavior: Threats to Wellness	330	(18)
Defining Addiction	332	(2)
Habit versus Addiction	332	(1)
Signs of Addiction	333	(1)
The Addictive Process	334	(3)
The Physiology of Addiction	334	(1)
A Model of Addiction	335	(1)
Psychological Factors	336	(1)
Types of Addiction	337	(5)
Money Addictions	337	(1)
Work Addiction	338	(1)
Exercise Addiction	339	(1)
Internet Addiction	340	(1)
Sexual Addiction	341	(1)
Multiple Addictions	342	(1)
How Addiction Affects Family and Friends	342	(1)
Treatment for and Recovery from Addiction	343	(3)
Intervention	343	(1)
Treatment	343	(1)
Relapse	344	(2)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	346	(1)
Summary	346	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	347	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	347	(1)
Further Reading	347	(1)
Drinking Responsibly: A Lifestyle Challenge on Campus	348	(24)
Alcohol: An Overview	350	(3)
Alcohol and College Students	350	(1)
Binge Drinking and College Students	351	(2)
Trends in Consumption	353	(1)
Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Alcohol	353	(8)
The Chemical Makeup of Alcohol	353	(1)
Behavioral Effects	354	(1)
Absorption and Metabolism	354	(2)
Immediate Effects	356	(1)
Long-Term Effects	357	(2)
Alcohol and Pregnancy	359	(1)
Drinking and Driving	360	(1)
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism	361	(5)
Identifying a Problem Drinker	361	(1)
The Causes of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism	361	(3)
Effects of Alcoholism on the Family	364	(1)
Costs to Society	365	(1)
Women and Alcoholism	365	(1)
Recovery	366	(3)
The Family's Role	366	(1)
Treatment Programs	366	(2)
Relapse	368	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	369	(1)
Summary	369	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	370	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	370	(1)
Further Reading	371	(1)
Tobacco and Caffeine: Daily Pleasures, Daily Challenges	372	(24)
Our Smoking Society	374	(4)
Tobacco and Social Issues	374	(2)
College Students and Smoking	376	(2)
Tobacco and Its Effects	378	(4)
Tobacco Products	378	(4)
Physiological Effects of Nicotine	382	(1)
Tobacco Addiction	382	(1)
Health Hazards of Smoking	382	(3)
Cancer	382	(2)
Cardiovascular Disease	384	(1)
Respiratory Disorders	384	(1)
Sexual Dysfunction	384	(1)
Other Health Effects of Smoking	384	(1)
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)	385	(1)
Risks from ETS	386	(1)
Tobacco and Politics	386	(1)
Quitting	387	(4)
Breaking the Nicotine Addiction	387	(2)
Breaking the Habit	389	(2)
Benefits of Quitting	391	(1)
Caffeine	391	(2)
Caffeine Addiction	391	(1)
The Health Consequences of Long-Term Caffeine Use	392	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	393	(1)
Summary	393	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	394	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	394	(1)
Further Reading	395	(1)
Illicit Drugs: Use, Misuse, and Abuse	396	(26)
Drug Dynamics	398	(2)
Types of Drugs	399	(1)
Routes of Administration of Drugs	399	(1)
Using, Misusing, and Abusing Drugs	400	(1)
Illicit Drugs	400	(2)
Who Uses Illicit Drugs?	401	(1)
Controlled Substances	402	(16)
Stimulants	404	(3)
Marijuana	407	(3)
Opiates	410	(2)
Hallucinogens (Psychedelics)	412	(2)
Designer Drugs (Club Drugs)	414	(2)
Inhalants	416	(1)
Steroids	417	(1)
Illegal Drug Use in the United States	418	(2)
Drugs in the Workplace	418	(1)
Solutions to the Problem	419	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	420	(1)
Summary	420	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	420	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	421	(1)
Further Reading	421	(1)
Part Five: Preventing and Fighting Disease
Cardiovascular Disease: Reducing Your Risk	422	(28)
An Epidemiological Overview	424	(4)
Understanding the Cardiovascular System	428	(2)
The Heart: A Mighty Machine	428	(2)
Types of Cardiovascular Disease	430	(5)
Atherosclerosis	430	(1)
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)	431	(2)
Angina Pectoris	433	(1)
Arrhythmias	433	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)	433	(1)
Congenital and Rheumatic Heart Disease	433	(1)
Stroke	434	(1)
Reducing Your Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases	435	(5)
Risks You Can Control	435	(4)
Risks You Cannot Control	439	(1)
Women and Cardiovascular Disease	440	(1)
Risk Factors for Heart Disease in Women	440	(1)
Neglect of Heart Disease Symptoms in Women	441	(1)
Gender Bias in CVD Research?	441	(1)
New Weapons Against Heart Disease	441	(6)
Techniques of Diagnosing Heart Disease	441	(3)
Angioplasty versus Bypass Surgery	444	(1)
Aspirin for Heart Disease: Can It Help?	445	(1)
Thrombolysis	445	(1)
Cardiac Rehabilitation	446	(1)
Personal Advocacy and Heart-Smart Behaviors	446	(1)
Taking Charge	447	(3)
Make It Happen!	447	(1)
Summary	448	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	448	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	448	(1)
Further Reading	449	(1)
Cancer: Reducing Your Risk	450	(30)
An Overview of Cancer	452	(2)
Disparities in Cancer Rates	452	(1)
What Is Cancer?	453	(1)
What Causes Cancer?	454	(6)
Cellular Change/Mutation Theories	454	(1)
Risks for Cancer--Lifestyle	455	(3)
Biological Factors	458	(1)
Occupational and Environmental Factors	458	(1)
Social and Psychological Factors	459	(1)
Chemicals in Foods	459	(1)
Viral Factors	460	(1)
Medical Factors	460	(1)
Types of Cancers	460	(13)
Classifications of Cancer	460	(1)
Lung Cancer	460	(1)
Breast Cancer	461	(4)
Colon and Rectal Cancers	465	(1)
Prostate Cancer	466	(2)
Skin Cancer: Sun Worshippers Beware	468	(2)
Testicular Cancer	470	(1)
Ovarian Cancer	471	(1)
Cervical and Endometrium (Uterine) Cancer	472	(1)
Cancer of the Pancreas	473	(1)
Leukemia	473	(1)
Facing Cancer	473	(5)
Detecting Cancer	473	(2)
New Hope in Cancer Treatments	475	(1)
Talking with Your Doctor about Cancer	476	(1)
Cancer Survivors: Life after Cancer	477	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	478	(1)
Summary	478	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	479	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	479	(1)
Further Reading	479	(1)
Infectious Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections: Risks and Responsibilities	480	(42)
Assessing Your Disease Risks	482	(2)
Risk Factors You Can't Control	482	(1)
Risk Factors You Can Control	483	(1)
Types of Pathogens and Routes of Transmission	484	(8)
Bacteria	484	(3)
Viruses	487	(5)
Other Pathogens	492	(1)
Your Body's Defenses: Keeping You Well	492	(4)
Physical and Chemical Defenses: Your Body Responds	492	(1)
The Immune System: Your Body Fights Back	493	(1)
Fever	494	(1)
Pain	494	(1)
Vaccines: Bolstering Your Immunity	494	(2)
Active and Passive Immunity	496	(1)
Emerging and Resurgent Diseases	496	(6)
Tiny Microbes: Lethal Threats	496	(6)
Sexually Transmitted Infections	502	(9)
Possible Causes: Why Me?	502	(1)
Modes of Transmission	503	(1)
Chlamydia	503	(3)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)	506	(1)
Gonorrhea	506	(1)
Syphilis	506	(1)
Pubic Lice	507	(1)
Genital HPV	508	(1)
Candidiasis (Moniliasis)	509	(1)
Trichomoniasis	509	(1)
General Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)	509	(1)
Herpes	510	(1)
HIV/AIDS	511	(8)
The Onset of AIDS	511	(1)
A Shifting Epidemic	511	(2)
Women and AIDS	513	(1)
How HIV Is Transmitted	514	(2)
Symptoms of HIV Disease	516	(1)
Testing for HIV Antibodies	516	(1)
New Hope and Treatments	517	(1)
Preventing HIV Infection	517	(2)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	519	(1)
Summary	519	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	520	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	520	(1)
Further Reading	521	(1)
Noninfectious Conditions: The Modern Maladies	522	(26)
Chronic Lung Diseases	524	(5)
Allergy-Induced Respiratory Problems	524	(1)
Asthma	525	(1)
Emphysema	526	(1)
Bronchitis	527	(1)
Sleep Apnea	528	(1)
Neurological Disorders	529	(3)
Headaches	529	(1)
Seizure Disorders	530	(1)
Parkinson's Disease	531	(1)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)	532	(1)
Gender-Related Disorders	532	(2)
Fibrocystic Breast Condition	532	(1)
Endometriosis	532	(2)
Digestion-Related Disorders	534	(6)
Diabetes: Disabling, Deadly, and on the Rise	534	(4)
Lactose Intolerance	538	(1)
Colitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)	539	(1)
Diverticulosis	539	(1)
Peptic Ulcers	539	(1)
Gallbladder Disease	539	(1)
Musculoskeletal Diseases	540	(3)
Arthritis: Many Types, Many Problems	540	(1)
Fibromyalgia	541	(1)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	541	(1)
Scleroderma	541	(1)
Raynaud's Syndrome	541	(1)
Low Back Pain	542	(1)
Other Maladies	543	(2)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)	543	(1)
Repetitive Stress Injuries	544	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	545	(1)
Summary	546	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	546	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	546	(1)
Further Reading	547	(1)
Part Six: Facing Life's Challenges
Healthy Aging: A Lifelong Process	548	(20)
Growing Old: Life Passages	550	(3)
Redefining Aging	550	(1)
What Is Successful Aging?	551	(1)
Older Adults: A Growing Population	552	(1)
Health Issues for an Aging Society	553	(2)
Health Care Costs	554	(1)
Housing and Living Arrangements	554	(1)
Ethical and Moral Considerations	554	(1)
Theories on Aging	555	(1)
Biological Theories	555	(1)
Psychosocial Impacts on Aging	556	(1)
Changes in the Body and Mind	556	(5)
Typical Physical Changes	556	(3)
Mental Changes	559	(2)
Health Challenges of Older Adults	561	(1)
Alcohal Use and Abuse	561	(1)
Prescription Drug Use	562	(1)
Over-the-Counter Remedies	562	(1)
Strategies for Healthy Aging	562	(2)
Develop and Maintain Healthy Relationships	562	(1)
Enrich the Spiritual Side of Life	562	(1)
Improve Fitness	562	(2)
Eat for Health	564	(1)
Caring for Older Adults	564	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	565	(1)
Summary	566	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	566	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	566	(1)
Further Reading	567	(1)
Dying and Death: The Final Transition	568	(22)
Understanding Death	570	(1)
Defining Death	570	(1)
Denying Death	570	(1)
The Process of Dying	571	(7)
Coping Emotionally with Death	571	(3)
Social Death	574	(1)
Coping with Loss	574	(1)
What Is ``Normal'' Grief?	575	(1)
Worden's Model of Grieving Tasks	576	(1)
When an Infant or Child Dies	577	(1)
A Child's Response to Death	577	(1)
Quasi-Death Experiences	577	(1)
Living with Death and Loss	578	(1)
Life-and-Death Decision Making	578	(4)
The Right to Die	578	(1)
Rational Suicide	579	(3)
Making Final Arrangements	582	(5)
Hospice Care: Positive Alternatives	582	(3)
Making Funeral Arrangements	585	(1)
Pressures on Survivors	585	(1)
Wills	585	(1)
Organ Donation	585	(2)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	587	(1)
Summary	587	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	588	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	588	(1)
Further Reading	589	(1)
Environmental Health: Thinking Globally, Acting Locally	590	(26)
Overpopulation	592	(2)
Air Pollution	594	(9)
Sources of Air Pollution	594	(4)
Photochemical Smog	598	(1)
Acid Deposition and Acid Rain	598	(1)
Indoor Air Pollution	599	(3)
Ozone Layer Depletion	602	(1)
Global Warming	602	(1)
Reducing Air Pollution	603	(1)
Water Pollution	603	(5)
Water Contamination	604	(4)
Noise Pollution	608	(1)
Land Pollution	608	(2)
Solid Waste	608	(1)
Hazardous Waste	609	(1)
Radiation	610	(4)
Ionizing Radiation	610	(1)
EMFs: Emerging Risks?	610	(3)
Nuclear Power Plants	613	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	614	(1)
Summary	614	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	615	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	615	(1)
Further Reading	615	(1)
Consumerism: Selecting Health Care Products and Services	616	(28)
Responsible Consumerism: Choices and Challenges	618	(2)
Attracting Consumers' Dollars	618	(1)
Putting Cure into Perspective	618	(2)
Taking Responsibility for Your Health Care	620	(2)
Self-Help or Self-Care	620	(1)
When to Seek Help	620	(1)
Assessing Health Professionals	620	(2)
Choices in Health Products: Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs	622	(8)
Prescription Drugs	622	(1)
Over-the-Counter Drugs	623	(6)
Women and Medications	629	(1)
Choices in Medical Care	630	(2)
Traditional Western (Allopathic) Medicine	630	(1)
Other Allopathic Specialties	631	(1)
Health Care Organizations, Programs, and Facilities	632	(2)
Types of Medical Practices	632	(1)
Integrated Health Care Organizations	632	(2)
Issues Facing Today's Health Care System	634	(2)
Cost	634	(2)
Access	636	(1)
Quality and Malpractice	636	(1)
Third-Party Payers	636	(5)
Private Health Insurance	637	(1)
Medicare and Medicaid	638	(1)
Managed Care	639	(1)
What Are Your Options?	640	(1)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	641	(1)
Summary	642	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	642	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	643	(1)
Further Reading	643	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: New Choices and Responsibilities for Healthwise Consumers	644
CAM: What Is It and Who Uses It?	648	(3)
A Historical Perspective	649	(1)
The Emergence of CAM in the United States	650	(1)
Major Domains of CAM	650	(1)
CAM Use: Who, What, and Why?	650	(1)
Alternative Medical System Options	651	(1)
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda	651	(1)
Homeopathy and Naturopathy	651	(1)
Manipulative and Body-Based Methods	652	(1)
Chiropractic Medicine	652	(1)
Other Manipulation Therapies	653	(1)
Energy Medicine	653	(1)
Acupuncture and Acupressure	654	(1)
Mind-Body Medicine	654	(1)
Body Work	654	(1)
Psychoneuroimmunology	655	(1)
Biologically-based Practices	655	(5)
Herbal Remedies	655	(3)
Special Supplements	658	(2)
Foods as Healing Agents	660	(1)
Protecting Consumers and Regulating Claims	660	(4)
Strategies to Protect Consumers' Health	662	(2)
The German Commission E	664	(1)
Looking to Science for More Answers	664	(1)
Healthy Living in the New Millennium	664	(1)
Enlisting Support from Insurers and Providers	664	(1)
Self-Care: Protecting Yourself	664	(3)
Taking Charge
Make It Happen!	667	(1)
Summary	668	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	668	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	668	(1)
Further Reading	669
Health Resources	1	(1)
Glossary	1	(1)
References	1	(1)
Index	1	(1)
Credits	1