Acknowledgments | p. x |
Preface | p. xii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
The Nature of Accounting and the Chief Ethical Difficulty: True Disclosure | p. 9 |
The Nature of Accounting | p. 10 |
Ethics of Disclosure | p. 14 |
The Financial Statement | p. 17 |
Roles an Accountant can Fulfill | p. 20 |
Development of Explicit Accounting Standards and Regulations | p. 22 |
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) | p. 27 |
Recent Scandals that Provoked More Regulation | p. 29 |
Conclusions | p. 30 |
Ethical Behavior in Accounting: What Is Ethics? | p. 31 |
What Is Ethics? | p. 34 |
Ethics: The Intellectual Enterprise | p. 35 |
Actions | p. 35 |
Social Practices, Institutions, and Systems | p. 36 |
Why Study Ethics? | p. 36 |
Being Ethical: How to Determine What to Do | p. 38 |
Questions to Ask to Justify an Action: The Basis of Ethical Theory | p. 42 |
Using the Reasons | p. 46 |
Ethical Dilemmas | p. 47 |
Some Classic Moral Dilemmas | p. 48 |
Ethical Behavior in Accounting: Ethical Theory | p. 51 |
Egoism | p. 52 |
Utilitarianism | p. 57 |
Kant and Deontology | p. 61 |
Deontological Ethics | p. 62 |
The First Formula of the Categorical Imperative | p. 64 |
The Second Formula of the Categorical Imperative | p. 65 |
Virtue Ethics | p. 66 |
Accounting as a Profession: Characteristics of a Profession | p. 69 |
Accounting Codes of Conduct | p. 77 |
AICPA Professional Code of Conduct | p. 79 |
Code Principles | p. 80 |
Criticisms of the Code of Conduct | p. 92 |
The Rules of the Code of Conduct | p. 93 |
Section 100 - Independence, Integrity, and Objectivity | p. 94 |
Section 200 - General Standards Accounting Principles | p. 99 |
Section 300 - Responsibilities to Clients | p. 102 |
Section 400 - Responsibilities to Colleagues | p. 103 |
Section 500 - Other Responsibilities and Practices | p. 103 |
The Auditing Function | p. 109 |
The Ethics of Public Accounting | p. 113 |
Trust | p. 115 |
The Auditor's Responsibility to the Public | p. 116 |
The Auditor's Basic Responsibilities | p. 118 |
Independence | p. 122 |
Independence Risk | p. 127 |
Professional Skepticisrn | p. 131 |
Reasonable Assurance | p. 133 |
The Ethics of Managerial Accounting | p. 135 |
Reasons Used to Justify Unethical Behaviors | p. 140 |
Blowing the Whistle | p. 144 |
The Ethics of Tax Accounting | p. 151 |
Ethics Applied to the Accounting Firm | p. 167 |
Accounting as a Business | p. 169 |
The Social Responsibility of Business | p. 170 |
Good Ethics is Good Business | p. 175 |
Ethical Responsibilities of Accounting Firms | p. 177 |
The Accounting Profession in Crisis | p. 177 |
Afterword: Current Debates on Accounting Issues | p. 185 |
Fair Value and Principles vs. Rules | p. 185 |
Fair Value Accounting | p. 189 |
Arguments for and Against the Fair Value Approach | p. 193 |
Summary | p. 198 |
Principles vs. Rules | p. 199 |
Introduction | p. 199 |
Isn't GAAP Already Principles Based? | p. 200 |
An Example: The Continental Vending Case | p. 204 |
Recent Developments of ôPresent Fairlyö | p. 206 |
A Better Question | p. 207 |
Argument for a Rules Based Approach | p. 208 |
What Would a Principles Based Approach Look Like? The True and Fair Override | p. 211 |
Argument for a Principles Based Approach | p. 212 |
Conclusion | p. 215 |
Summary of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | p. 217 |
The IMA Code of Conduct for Management Accountants | p. 230 |
Index | p. 233 |
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