Advanced University Physics, Second Edition

by Rogalski; Mircea S.

• ISBN13: 9781584885115
• ISBN10: 1584885114
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-07-19
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

To move from empirical-based physics to the theoretical abstractness required for advanced physics requires a paradigmatic shift in logic that can challenge even the brightest mind. Grasping the play of phenomena as they are described in introductory compendiums does not necessarily create a foundation that allows for the building of a bridge to the higher levels of theoretical physics.In the first edition of Advanced University Physics, respected physicists Stuart Palmer and Mircea Rogalski built that bridge, and then guided readers across it. Serving as a supplement to the standard advanced physics syllabus, their work provided a succinct review of course material, while encouraging the development of a more cohesive understanding of theoretical physics. Now, after incorporating suggestions from many readers and colleagues, the two authors have revised and updated their original work to produce a second, even more poignant, edition.Succinct, cohesive, and comprehensive, Advanced University Physics, Second Edition brings individuals schooled in the rudiments of physics to theoretical fluency.In a progression of concise chapters, the text clarifies concepts from Newtonian Laws to nuclear dynamics, while introducing and building upon the theoretical logic required to operate in the world of contemporary physics. Some chapters have been combined to improve relational clarity, and new material has been added to cover the evolving concepts that have emerged over the last decade in this highly fluid field. The authors have also added a substantial amount of relevant problems and at least one pertinent example for every chapter. Those already steeped in physics will continue to find this work to be a useful reference, as the book's 47 chapters provide the opportunity to become refreshed and updated on a great number of easily identified topics.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(10)
SI Units	1	(2)
Dimensional Analysis	3	(6)
Fundamental Physical Constants	9	(2)
Principles of Newtonian Mechanics	11	(29)
Newton's Laws of Motion	11	(12)
Conservation of Momentum	23	(1)
Conservation of Energy	24	(16)
Problems	28	(12)
Angular Momentum	40	(25)
Conservation of Angular Momentum	40	(2)
Motion under a Central Force	42	(5)
Kepler's Problem	47	(3)
Kepler's Laws	50	(15)
Problems	53	(12)
Principles of Special Relativity	65	(20)
Postulates of Special Relativity	65	(2)
The Lorentz Transformation	67	(6)
Spacetime Diagrams	73	(4)
Relativistic Invariance	77	(8)
Problems	81	(4)
Relativistic Laws of Motion	85	(20)
Relativistic Momentum and Energy	85	(4)
The Relativistic Equation of Motion	89	(4)
The Equivalence Principle	93	(12)
Problems	97	(8)
Continuum Mechanics	105	(24)
Strain in a Continuum	105	(4)
Stress in a Continuum	109	(4)
Elastic Solids	113	(3)
Fluid Mechanics	116	(13)
Problems	121	(8)
The Laws of Thermodynamics	129	(20)
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics	129	(3)
First Law of Thermodynamics	132	(3)
Second Law of Thermodynamics	135	(14)
Problems	141	(8)
Thermodynamic Functions	149	(19)
Clausius's Theorem	149	(2)
Entropy	151	(2)
Thermodynamic Potentials	153	(4)
Hydrostatic Systems	157	(3)
Heat Capacities	160	(8)
Problems	162	(6)
Perfect and Real Gases	168	(19)
Perfect Gas Laws	168	(4)
Thermodynamic Functions of a Perfect Gas	172	(3)
van der Waals Gas	175	(12)
Problems	180	(7)
Phase Transitions	187	(17)
Equilibrium Between Phases	187	(3)
First Order Phase Transitions	190	(2)
Higher Order Phase Transitions	192	(1)
The Phase Rule	193	(2)
Third Law of Thermodynamics	195	(9)
Problems	198	(6)
Electrostatics	204	(23)
Electric Field	204	(4)
Electrostatic Potential	208	(5)
Polarization	213	(3)
Electrostatic Energy	216	(11)
Problems	218	(9)
Magnetic Induction	227	(20)
Current Flow	227	(4)
Magnetic Effects	231	(8)
Magnetic Vector Potential	239	(8)
Problems	242	(5)
Magnetic Fields	247	(18)
Magnetization	247	(5)
Faraday's Law	252	(5)
Energy in Magnetic Fields	257	(8)
Problems	259	(6)
Maxwell's Equations	265	(15)
Maxwell's Field Equations	265	(5)
Electromagnetic Energy	270	(3)
Potential Equations	273	(7)
Problems	276	(4)
Wave Equations	280	(20)
Equation of Wave Motion	280	(4)
Elastic Waves on a String	284	(4)
Sound Waves in Fluids	288	(4)
Electromagnetic Waves in Isotropic Dielectrics	292	(8)
Problems	295	(5)
Wave Propagation	300	(26)
Harmonic Waves	300	(4)
Wave Propagation in Three Dimensions	304	(5)
Stationary Waves	309	(4)
Continuous Waves	313	(2)
Wave Dispersion	315	(11)
Problems	317	(9)
Wave Energy	326	(22)
Energy Density	326	(3)
Energy Flow	329	(5)
Wave Momentum	334	(2)
Attenuation of Waves	336	(2)
Wave Energy at an Interface	338	(10)
Problems	341	(7)
Interference	348	(18)
Interference of Two Monochromatic Waves	348	(6)
Interference with Multiple Beams	354	(12)
Problems	359	(7)
Diffraction	366	(21)
Diffraction of Scalar Waves	366	(4)
The Linear Approximation of Diffraction	370	(6)
The Diffraction Grating	376	(11)
Problems	379	(8)
Polarization	387	(24)
The Transverse Nature of Electromagnetic Waves	387	(3)
Intensity of Electromagnetic Waves	390	(3)
The State of Polarization	393	(8)
Alternative Descriptions of Polarization	401	(10)
Problems	404	(7)
Reflection and Refraction	411	(18)
Electromagnetic Waves at an Interface	411	(3)
Fresnel's Equations	414	(15)
Problems	422	(7)
Waves in Anisotropic Media	429	(21)
The Plane Wave Equation	429	(4)
Optical Anisotropic Media	433	(4)
Ray and Phase Velocity	437	(13)
Problems	441	(9)
Absorption and Dispersion	450	(18)
Optical Properties of Conducting Media	450	(7)
Origin of Complex Constitutive Parameters	457	(11)
Problems	463	(5)
Generalized Mechanics	468	(22)
d'Alembert's Principle	468	(3)
Hamilton's Principle	471	(2)
Lagrange's Equations	473	(2)
The Canonical Equations	475	(3)
The Poisson Brackets	478	(2)
The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation	480	(10)
Problems	483	(7)
Principles of Statistical Mechanics	490	(32)
Liouville's Theorem	490	(4)
Basic Statistical Assumptions	494	(4)
Boltzmann's Principle	498	(6)
Microcanonical Ensemble	504	(2)
Canonical Ensemble	506	(5)
Grand Canonical Ensemble	511	(11)
Problems	515	(7)
Statistical Thermodynamics	522	(22)
Equipartition Theorem	522	(3)
Statistics of the Perfect Gas	525	(4)
The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law	529	(5)
The Gibbs Paradox	534	(10)
Problems	538	(6)
Thermal Radiation	544	(17)
Thermodynamics of Radiation	544	(5)
Statistics of Radiation	549	(4)
Planck's Radiation Formula	553	(8)
Problems	556	(5)
Wave Mechanics	561	(20)
The Corpuscular Nature of Radiation	561	(2)
The Old Quantum Theory	563	(6)
The Wave Nature of Particles	569	(4)
The Uncertainty Principle	573	(8)
Problems	575	(6)
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics	581	(20)
Postulate 1: Wave Functions	581	(3)
Postulate 2: Operators	584	(3)
Postulate 3: Eigenvalues	587	(4)
Postulate 4: Commutation Relations	591	(10)
Problems	595	(6)
The Schrodinger Picture	601	(18)
Postulate 5: The Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation	601	(3)
The Time-Independent Schrodinger Equation	604	(2)
Unbound States. Probability Current Density	606	(3)
Bound States. The Harmonic Oscillator	609	(10)
Problems	613	(6)
Orbital Angular Momentum	619	(17)
Orbital Angular Momentum Operators	619	(3)
Eigenvalue Equations in a Central Field	622	(3)
Quantization of Orbital Angular Momentum	625	(11)
Problems	630	(6)
One-Electron Atoms	636	(17)
The Radial Equation for One-Electron Atoms	636	(3)
The Hydrogen Atom	639	(4)
The One-Electron Atom in an External Magnetic Field	643	(10)
Problems	646	(7)
Matrix Mechanics of Angular Momentum	653	(20)
Matrix Representations	653	(3)
Angular Momentum Matrices	656	(5)
Spin Angular Momentum	661	(12)
Problems	667	(6)
The Spinning Electron	673	(19)
Addition of Angular Momenta	673	(6)
Spin-Orbit Interaction	679	(3)
The Spinning Electron in External Magnetic Field	682	(10)
Problems	686	(6)
Systems of Identical Particles	692	(17)
Many-Particle Systems	692	(3)
The Pauli Exclusion Principle	695	(3)
Distribution Laws for Identical Particles	698	(11)
Problems	702	(7)
Multielectron Atoms	709	(21)
Stationary State Perturbation Theory	709	(4)
The Helium Atom	713	(5)
The Central-Field Approximation	718	(12)
Problems	723	(7)
Atomic Radiation	730	(17)
Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory	730	(3)
Fermi's Golden Rule	733	(2)
Emission and Absorption of Radiation	735	(4)
Spontaneous Emission	739	(8)
Problems	742	(5)
Systems of Atoms	747	(23)
The Adiabatic Approximation	747	(3)
Linear Lattice Vibrations	750	(6)
Phonons	756	(3)
Lattice Heat Capacity	759	(11)
Problems	763	(7)
Structure of Solids	770	(20)
The Crystal Lattice	770	(7)
The Reciprocal Lattice	777	(4)
Structure Determination	781	(9)
Problems	785	(5)
Free Electrons in Solids	790	(20)
Free-Electron Approximation	790	(6)
Free-Electron Thermodynamic Functions	796	(3)
Electron Spin Paramagnetism	799	(2)
Electrical Conduction	801	(9)
Problems	804	(6)
Electronic Energy Bands	810	(19)
Bloch Waves	810	(4)
The Weak-Binding Approximation	814	(6)
The Tight-Binding Approximation	820	(9)
Problems	823	(6)
Semiconductor Physics	829	(21)
Free Charge Carriers	829	(5)
Intrinsic Semiconductors	834	(3)
Impurity Semiconductors	837	(13)
Problems	845	(5)
Solid State Electronics	850	(20)
Carrier Transport Phenomena	850	(5)
The pn Junction	855	(6)
The Junction Transistor	861	(9)
Problems	865	(5)
Solid State Magnetism	870	(23)
Diamagnetism	870	(2)
Paramagnetism	872	(3)
Ferromagnetism	875	(8)
Antiferromagnetism	883	(2)
Ferrimagnetism	885	(8)
Problems	888	(5)
Superconductivity	893	(17)
The Superconducting State	893	(5)
Cooper Pairs	898	(12)
Problems	904	(6)
Nuclear Structure	910	(21)
Semiclassical Models of the Nucleus	910	(10)
The Shell Model of the Nucleus	920	(11)
Problems	925	(6)
Nuclear Dynamics	931	(18)
Radioactive Decay Law	931	(5)
Alpha Decay	936	(3)
Beta Decay	939	(10)
Problems	944	(5)
Appendix I Vector Calculus	949	(5)
Appendix II Matrices	954	(6)
Appendix III Some Properties of Partial Derivatives	960	(3)
Appendix IV Evaluation of Some Integrals	963	(4)
Appendix V Glossary of Symbols	967	(7)
Problem Hints	974	(14)
Answers	988	(9)
Index	997