Aims of Argument : A Brief Guide with Student Access to Catalyst

by Crusius, Timothy W.; Channell, Carolyn E.; Rogers, Bruce

• ISBN13: 9780073196763
• ISBN10: 0073196762
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-03-30
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

The Aims of Argumentfocuses on the aimsor purposesof argument: to inquire, to convince, to persuade, and to mediate. In contrast to other books' pedagogy, Aims emphasizes rhetorical contexts, helping students become experts in reading, analyzing, and writing arguments.

Table of Contents

PART ONE, Resources for Reading and Writing Arguments

Chapter One, Understanding Argument

What Is Argument?

What Is Rhetoric?

An Example of Argument

Discussion of You Have a Right

Four Criteria of Mature Reasoning

What Are the Aims of Argument?

Where are the Aims of Argument Used?

A Good Tool for Understanding and Writing Arguments: The Writers Notebook

Why Keep a Notebook?

Notebook Options

Keeping a Print Notebook

Keeping an Electronic Notebook

Ways of Using a Notebook

Chapter Two, Reading An Argument

The First Encounter: Seeing the Whole Text in Context

The Second Encounter: Reading and Analyzing the Text

Wrestling With Difficult Passages

Using Paraphrase to Aid Comprehension

Analyzing the Reasoning of an Argument

The Third Encounter: Responding Critically to an Argument

Chapter Three, Analyzing Arguments: A Simplified Toulmin Method

A Preliminary Critical Reading

A Step-by-Step Demonstration of the Toulmin Method

Find the Exceptions

Analyzing the Reasons

List the Reasons

Examine the Reasons

Analyzing Evidence

Noting Refutations

Summarizing Your Analysis

A Final Note about Logical Analysis

Chapter Four, Reading and Writing about Visual Arguments Understanding Visual Arguments

Reading Images

Analysis: Five Common Types of Visual Arguments

FOUR-COLOR Visual Argument INSERT

Chapter Five, Writing Research-Based Arguments

Finding an Issue

Finding Sources

Evaluating Sources

Using Sources

Incorporating and Documenting Source Material in the Text of Your Argument

Instructions for Using MLA and APA Style

Direct Quotations

Indirect Quotations

Creating a Works-Cited or Reference List

PART TWO, The Aims of Argument

Chapter Six, Looking for Some Truth: Arguing to Inquire

Inquiry and Interpretation in Academic Writing

The Writing Project: Exploratory Essay, Part One

Conversations and Dialogue in Inquiry

Inquiry Again: Digging Deeper

The Writing Project: Part Two

The Writing Project: Part Three

After Drafting Your Essay

Inquiry: Summing Up the Aim

Chapter Seven, Making Your Case: Arguing to Convince

The Nature of Convincing: Structure and Strategy

Thinking about Audience

Formulating the Thesis

The Process of Writing a Convincing Argument

Chapter Eight, Motivating Action: Arguing to Persuade

When to Convince and When to Persuade: A Matter of Emphasis

Reading a Persuasive Essay

Using the Forms of Appeal

The Process of Writing a Persuasive Essay

Chapter Nine, Mediating Disputes: Arguing to Resolve Conflict

Mediation and the Other Aims of Argument

Analyzing Your Readers

The Process of Mediation

Finding Creative Solutions: Exploring Common Ground

Exploring Common Ground in the Debate over National Identity

The Mediatory Essay

Analyzing a Mediatory Essay

Writing a Mediatory Essay

Appendix, A Short Guide to Editing and Proofreading

Glossary of Terms

Glossary