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9780534601331

America at Odds Alternate Edition

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  • ISBN13:

    9780534601331

  • ISBN10:

    0534601332

  • Edition: 5th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2005-07-19
  • Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Known for its provocative and engaging issues approach, topical organization, and economical length, AMERICA AT ODDS: ALTERNATE EDITION--which excludes coverage of policy--explores the current conflicts that truly define America as a nation while involving students in discussion and debate. The engaging content and pedagogical features throughout AMERICA AT ODDS support two main goals of the text: to encourage students to read about American politics and government and to participate in the political system. In every chapter of the text, the foundations and systems of political history, behavior, institutions, and policy are presented within the framework of issues oriented debate, making AMERICA AT ODDS truly unique as an approach to teaching the Introduction to American Government course.

Table of Contents

PART ONE THE FOUNDATIONS OF OUR AMERICAN SYSTEM
America in the Twenty-First Century
1(20)
America at Odds: Is There Too Much Religion in American Politics?
2(1)
Introduction
3(1)
What Are Politics and Government?
4(1)
Resolving Conflicts
4(1)
Providing Public Services
4(1)
Defending the Nation and Its Culture
5(1)
Different Systems of Government
5(3)
Rule by One: Autocracy
5(2)
Rule by Many: Democracy
7(1)
Other Forms of Government
8(1)
American Democracy
8(3)
The British Legacy
8(2)
Principles of American Democracy
10(1)
American Political Values
10(1)
America at odds: Has America Gone Too Far in ``Exporting Liberty''?
11(3)
Political Values in a Multicultural Society
13(1)
America at odds: A Nation Divided?
14(2)
American Political Ideology
14(2)
American Democracy at Work
16(2)
The Big Picture
16(1)
Who Governs?
17(1)
Key Terms
18(1)
Chapter Summary
18(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
18(1)
Politics on the Web
19(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
19(2)
The Constitution
21(28)
America at Odds: Should We Elect the President by Popular Vote?
22(1)
Introduction
23(1)
The Beginnings of American Government
23(1)
The First British Settlements
24(1)
Colonial Legislatures
24(1)
The Rebellion of the Colonists
24(2)
``Taxation without Representation''
25(1)
The Continental Congresses
26(1)
Breaking the Ties: Independence
26(2)
Independence from Britain---The First Step
27(1)
The Declaration of Independence
27(1)
The Significance of the Declaration of Independence
27(1)
America at odds: What Happened to the Promise of Equality?
28(1)
From Colonies to States
28(1)
The Confederation of States
29(3)
Powers of the Government of the Confederation
29(1)
A Time of Crisis---The 1780s
30(2)
Drafting the Constitution
32(2)
Who Were the Delegates?
32(1)
The Virginia Plan
32(1)
The New Jersey Plan
32(1)
The Compromises
33(1)
The Final Draft Is Approved
34(1)
The Debate over Ratification
34(2)
The Federalists Argue for Ratification
34(1)
The Anti-Federalists' Response
35(1)
Ratification
36(1)
The Constitution's Major Principles of Government
36(6)
Limited Government and Popular Sovereignty
37(1)
The Principle of Federalism
37(1)
Separation of Powers
37(1)
Checks and Balances
37(1)
The Bill of Rights
38(3)
The Constitution Compared to the Articles of Confederation
41(1)
The Constitution---A Document for the Ages
42(1)
America at odds: The Constitution---A Blueprint for Future Controversy
42(1)
Amending the Constitution
43(3)
Methods of Proposing an Amendment
43(1)
Methods of Ratifying an Amendment
44(2)
Key Terms
46(1)
Chapter Summary
46(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
47(1)
Politics on the Web
47(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
47(2)
Federalism
49(24)
America at odds: Should the States Decide the Medical-Marijuana Issue?
50(1)
Introduction
51(1)
Federalism and Its Alternatives
51(4)
What Is Federalism?
52(1)
Alternatives to Federalism
52(1)
Federalism---An Optimal Choice for the United States?
53(2)
The Constitutional Division of Powers
55(2)
The Powers of the National Government
55(1)
The Powers of the States
56(1)
America at odds: Should States Be Allowed to Import Prescription Drugs?
57(1)
Interstate Relations
58(1)
Concurrent Powers
58(1)
The Supremacy Clause
58(1)
The Struggle for Supremacy
58(5)
Early U.S. Supreme Court Decisions
58(2)
The Ultimate Supremacy Battle---The Civil War
60(1)
From the Civil War to the 1930s---Dual Federalism
61(1)
Cooperative Federalism and the Growth of the National Government
61(2)
America at odds: Should Direct Wine Shipments Be Legalized?
63(1)
Federalism Today
63(3)
The New Federalism---More Power to the States
64(1)
The Supreme Court and the New Federalism
64(1)
The Shifting Boundary between Federal and State Authority
65(1)
The Fiscal Side of Federalism
66(4)
Federal Grants
67(1)
Bridging the Tenth Amendment---Fiscal Federalism
68(1)
The Cost of Federal Mandates
68(1)
Competitive Federalism
68(2)
Key Terms
70(1)
Chapter Summary
70(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
71(1)
Politics on the Web
71(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
71(2)
PART TWO OUR LIBERTIES AND RIGHTS
Civil Liberties
73(28)
America at Odds: Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished?
74(1)
Introduction
75(1)
The Constitutional Basis for Our Civil Liberties
75(2)
Safeguards in the Original Constitution
75(1)
The Bill of Rights
75(1)
The Incorporation Issue
76(1)
Freedom of Religion
77(5)
The Establishment Clause
78(4)
America at odds: Is America One Nation ``Under God''?
82(3)
The Free Exercise Clause
83(2)
Freedom of Expression
85(3)
The Right to Free Speech Is Not Absolute
85(1)
Early Restrictions on Expression
85(1)
Limited Protection for Commercial Speech
86(1)
Unprotected Speech
86(2)
Hate Speech on Campus
88(1)
Freedom of the Press
88(1)
Clear and Present Danger
88(1)
The Preferred-Position Doctrine
89(1)
Prior Restraint
89(1)
Freedom of Assembly
89(1)
The Right to Privacy
90(2)
The Abortion Controversy
91(1)
Do We Have the ``Right to Die''?
92(1)
Privacy Rights in an Information Age
92(1)
America at odds: Medical Microchips and Privacy Rights
92(1)
Personal Privacy and National Security
93(1)
The Rights of the Accused
93(4)
The Rights of Criminal Defendants
95(1)
The Exclusionary Rule
95(1)
The Miranda Warnings
95(1)
The Erosion of Miranda
96(1)
Key Terms
97(1)
Chapter Summary
98(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
98(1)
Politics on the Web
98(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
99(2)
Civil Rights
101(26)
America at Odds: Should Same-Sex Couples Be Allowed to Marry?
102(1)
Introduction
103(1)
The Equal Protection Clause
103(2)
Strict Scrutiny
104(1)
Intermediate Scrutiny
104(1)
The Rational Basis Test (Ordinary Scrutiny)
104(1)
African Americans
105(4)
Separate but Equal
105(1)
The Brown Decisions and School Integration
105(2)
The Civil Rights Movement
107(1)
Political Participation
108(1)
Women
109(3)
The Struggle for Voting Rights
109(1)
Women in American Politics Today
110(1)
Women in the Workplace
111(1)
Hispanics
112(1)
Party Identification and Electoral Significance
113(1)
Political Participation
113(1)
Asian Americans
113(1)
Immigrants' Rights
114(1)
America at odds: Should Bilingual Education Be Abolished?
114(1)
Native Americans
115(2)
Early Policies toward Native Americans
115(1)
Native Americans Today
116(1)
Compensation for Past Injustices
117(1)
America at odds: Native American Gaming
117(1)
Securing Rights for Other Groups
118(2)
Protecting Older Americans
118(1)
Obtaining Rights for Persons with Disabilities
118(1)
Gay Men and Lesbians
119(1)
Beyond Equal Protection---Affirmative Action
120(5)
Affirmative Action Tested
121(1)
Strict Scrutiny Applied
121(1)
The Diversity Issue
122(1)
State Actions
122(3)
Key Terms
125(1)
Chapter Summary
125(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
126(1)
Politics on the Web
126(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
126(1)
PART THREE THE POLITICS OF DEMOCRACY
Interest Groups
127(22)
America at Odds: Should We Privatize Social Security?
128(1)
Introduction
129(1)
Interest Groups and American Government
129(2)
How Interest Groups Form
129(1)
How Interest Groups Function in American Politics
130(1)
America at odds: Can We Control the ``Mischiefs of Factions''?
131(1)
How Do Interest Groups Differ from Political Parties?
131(1)
Different Types of Interest Groups
132(4)
Business Interest Groups
132(2)
Labor Interest Groups
134(1)
Agricultural Interest Groups
134(2)
Consumer Interest Groups
136(1)
America at odds: Taxing the Internet
136(2)
Senior Citizen Interest Groups
137(1)
Environmental Interest Groups
137(1)
Professional Interest Groups
137(1)
Single-Issue Interest Groups
137(1)
Government Interest Groups
138(1)
How Interest Groups Shape Policy
138(5)
Direct Techniques
138(3)
Indirect Techniques
141(2)
Today's Lobbying Establishment
143(3)
The ``Revolving Door'' between Interest Groups and Government
143(1)
Why Do Interest Groups Get Bad Press?
143(1)
The Regulation of Interest Groups
144(1)
The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995
145(1)
Key Terms
146(1)
Chapter Summary
146(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
147(1)
Politics on the Web
147(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
147(2)
Political Parties
149(22)
America at Odds: Do Colleges Shun Conservative Views?
150(1)
Introduction
151(1)
A Short History of American Political Parties
151(3)
The First Political Parties
151(1)
From 1796 to 1860
152(1)
From the Civil War to the Great Depression
152(1)
After the Great Depression
152(2)
America's Political Parties Today
154(1)
The Self-Perpetuation of the Two-Party System
154(1)
America at odds: Should Third-Party Candidates Debate?
155(2)
Components of the Two Major American Parties
155(1)
Where the Parties Stand on the Issues
156(1)
Party Affiliation
157(2)
Why People Join Political Parties
159(1)
Demographic Factors and Party Identification
159(1)
What Do Political Parties Do?
159(2)
Selecting Candidates
159(1)
Informing the Public
160(1)
Coordinating Policymaking
161(1)
Checking the Power of the Party in Government
161(1)
America at odds: Would Divided Government Be Better?
161(2)
Balancing Competing Interests
162(1)
Running Campaigns
162(1)
Third Parties and American Politics
163(3)
The Many Kinds of Third Parties
163(1)
The Effect of Third Parties on American Politics
164(2)
How American Political Parties Are Structured
166(3)
State and Local Party Organizations
166(1)
The National Party Organization
167(2)
Key Terms
169(1)
Chapter Summary
169(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
169(1)
Politics on the Web
170(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
170(1)
Public Opinion and Voting
171(24)
America at Odds: Is Political Polling Good for Democracy?
172(1)
Introduction
173(1)
What Is Public Opinion?
173(1)
How Do People Form Political Opinions?
174(3)
The Importance of Family
174(1)
The Schools and Educational Attainment
174(1)
The Media
175(1)
Opinion Leaders
175(1)
Major Life Events
175(1)
Peer Groups
176(1)
Economic Status and Occupation
177(1)
Measuring Public Opinion
177(2)
Early Polling Efforts
177(1)
Polling Today
178(1)
America at odds: Should Exit Polls Be Outlawed?
179(4)
Factors Affecting Voter Turnout
183(2)
The Legal Right to Vote
183(2)
America at odds: A National Vote-By-Mail System
185(1)
Who Actually Votes
186(1)
Why People Vote as They Do
186(7)
Party Identification
187(1)
Perception of the Candidates
187(1)
Policy Choices
187(1)
Socioeconomic Factors
188(5)
Key Terms
193(1)
Chapter Summary
193(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
193(1)
Politics on the Web
194(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
194(1)
Campaigns and Elections
195(20)
America at Odds: Why All the Negative Campaigning?
196(1)
Introduction
197(1)
How We Nominate Candidates
197(4)
Party Control over Nominations
197(1)
The Party Nominating Convention
198(1)
The Direct Primary and Loss of Party Control
198(1)
Nominating Presidential Candidates
199(2)
America at odds: Do National Conventions Serve Any Purpose Today?
201(1)
The Modern Political Campaign
201(6)
The Professional Campaign Organization
202(1)
What It Costs to Win
203(1)
The Federal Election Campaign Act
204(1)
Skirting the Campaign-Financing Rules
205(1)
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
206(1)
Campaign Contributions and Policy Decisions
207(1)
America at odds: Does Money Buy Votes?
207(2)
How We Elect Candidates
209(4)
Types of Elections
209(1)
Types of Ballots
209(1)
Conducting Elections and Counting the Votes
209(1)
Presidential Elections and the Electoral College
209(4)
Key Terms
213(1)
Chapter Summary
213(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
214(1)
Politics on the Web
214(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
214(1)
Politics and the Media
215(22)
America at Odds: Do Media Monopolies Threaten a Free Press?
216(1)
Introduction
217(1)
The Role of the Media in a Democracy
217(3)
The Agenda-Setting Function of the Media
218(1)
The Medium Does Affect the Message
219(1)
The Candidates and Television
220(5)
Political Advertising
221(2)
Television Debates
223(1)
News Coverage
223(2)
America at odds: Who are the Real ``Winners'' in Expensive Campaigns?
225(1)
``Popular'' Television
225(1)
Talk Radio---The Wild West of the Media
225(1)
The Question of Media Bias
226(3)
Studies on Media Bias
227(1)
The Bias against Losers
227(1)
``Selection Bias''
227(2)
Racial Bias in the Media?
229(1)
Political News on the Web
229(2)
Tabloid Journalism on the Internet
230(1)
``Narrowcasting'' the News
230(1)
The Emergence of Blogs
231(1)
Cyberspace and Political Campaigns
231(1)
Online Fund-Raising
231(1)
The Rise of the Internet Campaign Strategy
232(1)
America at odds: Will the Internet Change Political Campaigning as We Know It?
232(2)
Key Terms
234(1)
Chapter Summary
234(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
235(1)
Politics on the Web
235(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
235(2)
PART FOUR INSTITUTIONS
Congress
237(28)
America at Odds: Does Congress Have to Look Like America to Represent It?
238(1)
Introduction
239(1)
The Structure and Make-up of Congress
239(3)
Apportionment of House Seats
240(1)
Congressional Districts
241(1)
America at odds: Redistricting for Competitive Elections
242(2)
The Representation Function of Congress
244(1)
Congressional Elections
244(3)
Who Can Be a Member of Congress?
245(1)
The Power of Incumbency
245(1)
Congressional Terms and Term Limits
246(1)
America at odds: Are Term Limits the Cure for Congressional Careerism?
247(1)
Congressional Leadership
247(4)
House Leadership
247(1)
Senate Leadership
248(2)
Congressional Committees
250(1)
The Differences between the House and the Senate
251(2)
Size Matters
251(1)
In the Senate, Debate Can Just Keep Going and Going
251(1)
The Senate Wins the Prestige Race, Hands Down
252(1)
The Legislative Process
253(2)
Investigation and Oversight
255(2)
The Investigative Function
256(1)
Impeachment Power
256(1)
Senate Confirmation
256(1)
The Budgeting Process
257(5)
Authorization and Appropriation
257(2)
The Actual Budgeting Process
259(3)
Key Terms
262(1)
Chapter Summary
262(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
263(1)
Politics on the Web
263(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
263(2)
The Presidency
265(28)
America at Odds: Should Presidents Be Able to Go to War on Their Own?
266(1)
Introduction
267(1)
Who Can Become President?
267(1)
America at odds: A Foreign-Born President?
268(1)
The President's Many Roles
269(3)
Chief Executive
269(1)
Commander in Chief
269(2)
Chief of State
271(1)
Chief Diplomat
271(1)
Chief Legislator
271(1)
Political Party Leader
272(1)
The President's Constitutional Powers
272(3)
Proposal and Ratification of Treaties
273(1)
The Power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons
274(1)
The President's Veto Power
274(1)
The President's Inherent Powers
275(1)
The Expansion of Presidential Powers
275(2)
The Expansion of the President's Legislative Powers
276(1)
America at odds: The President and Moral Politics
277(5)
The Increasing Use of Executive Orders
278(2)
Evolving Presidential Power in Foreign Affairs
280(2)
Congressional and Presidential Relations
282(3)
Advantage: Congress
282(1)
Advantage: The President
283(1)
Executive Privilege
283(2)
The Organization of the Executive Branch
285(5)
The President's Cabinet
285(1)
The Executive Office of the President
286(2)
The Vice Presidency and Presidential Succession
288(2)
Key Terms
290(1)
Chapter Summary
291(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
291(1)
Politics on the Web
292(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
292(1)
The Bureaucracy
293(24)
America at Odds: Should the Federal Bureaucracy Be Privatized?
294(1)
Introduction
295(1)
The Nature and Size of the Bureaucracy
295(2)
The Growth of Bureaucracy
296(1)
The Costs of Maintaining the Government
297(1)
How the Federal Bureaucracy Is Organized
297(6)
The Executive Departments
299(1)
A Typical Departmental Structure
299(3)
Independent Executive Agencies
302(1)
America at odds: Is the Civil Rights Commission Outdated?
303(2)
Independent Regulatory Agencies
304(1)
Government Corporations
304(1)
How Bureaucrats Get Their Jobs
305(1)
Regulatory Agencies: Are They the Fourth Branch of Government?
306(2)
Agency Creation
306(1)
Rulemaking
307(1)
America at odds: Should Agencies Give More Weight to Compliance Costs?
308(1)
Policymaking and the Iron Triangle
308(2)
Agriculture as an Example
309(1)
Congress's Role
309(1)
The Influence of Interest Groups
309(1)
The Success of the Iron Triangle in Agriculture
309(1)
Issue Networks
310(1)
Curbing Waste and Improving Efficiency
310(5)
Helping Out the Whistleblowers
311(1)
Improving Efficiency and Getting Results
311(1)
Another Approach---Pay-for-Performance Plans
312(1)
Privatization
312(1)
Is It Possible to Reform the Bureaucracy?
313(1)
Government in the Sunshine
313(2)
Key Terms
315(1)
Chapter Summary
315(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
316(1)
Politics on the Web
316(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
316(1)
The Judiciary
317
America at Odds: Supreme Court Appointees: Does Partisan Ideology Matter?
318(1)
Introduction
319(1)
The Origins and Sources of American Law
319(4)
The Common Law Tradition
319(1)
Sources of American Law
320(1)
Civil Law and Criminal Law
321(1)
Basic Judicial Requirements
322(1)
The Federal Court System
323(4)
U.S. District Courts
324(1)
U.S. Courts of Appeals
324(1)
The United States Supreme Court
324(3)
Federal Judicial Appointments
327(3)
The Nomination Process
327(1)
Confirmation or Rejection by the Senate
328(1)
Judicial Appointments and the Bush Administration
328(2)
America at odds: Should Filibusters on Judicial Nominees Be Banned?
330(1)
The Courts as Policymakers
331(4)
The Impact of Court Decisions
331(1)
The Power of Judicial Review
332(1)
Judicial Activism versus Judicial Restraint
333(2)
Ideology and the Courts
335(1)
Ideology and Supreme Court Decisions
335(1)
America at odds: Should the Supreme Court Look to Foreign Laws for Guidance?
335(2)
Approaches to Legal Interpretation
336(1)
Constitutional Interpretation: Original Intent versus Modernism
336(1)
Assessing the Role of Federal Courts
337(3)
Criticisms of the Federal Courts
338(1)
The Case for the Courts
338(2)
Key Terms
340(1)
Chapter Summary
340(1)
Resources for Further Study
Selected Readings
341(1)
Politics on the Web
341(1)
Online Resources for This Chapter
341
Appendix A The Constitution of the United States 1(8)
Appendix B The Declaration of Independence 9(2)
Appendix C Supreme Court Justices since 1900 11(4)
Appendix D Party Control of Congress since 1900 15(1)
Appendix E Information on U.S. Presidents 16(3)
Appendix F Federalist Papers No. 10 and No. 51 19(6)
Appendix G How to Read Case Citations and Find Court Decisions 25(2)
Appendix H Spanish Equivalents for Important Political Terms 27
Notes 1(1)
Glossary 1(1)
Index 1

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