America Past and Present, Volume I (to 1877), Primary Source Edition

by Divine, Robert A.; Breen, T. H.; Fredrickson, George M.; Williams, R. Hal; Gross, Ariela J.; Brands, H. W.

• ISBN13: 9780321365699
• ISBN10: 0321365690
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

The Primary Sources Edition ofAmerica Past and Presentintegrates the social and political dimensions of American history into one rich chronological narrative and includes 2 to 3 primary sources per chapter with critical thinking questions for each source. Writing in a lively narrative style to tell the story of all Americans-elite and ordinary, women and men, rich and poor, white majority and minorities-the authors, six active, publishing, and award-winning historians, bring history to life for readers.

Table of Contents

Maps	xiii
Figures and Tables	xv
Features	xvii
Preface	xix
Supplements	xxiii
Acknowledgments	xxvii
About the Authors	xxx
New World Encounters	2	(28)
Clash of Cultures: The Interpreting of Murder in Early Maryland	3	(1)
Native American Histories Before Conquest	4	(5)
The Environmental Challenge: Food, Climate, and Culture	5	(1)
Mysterious Disappearances	6	(1)
Aztec Dominance	7	(1)
Eastern Woodland Cultures	7	(2)
A World Transformed	9	(2)
Cultural Negotiations	9	(1)
Threats to Survival: Trade and Disease	10	(1)
West Africa: Ancient and Complex Societies	11	(4)
Europe on the Eve of Conquest	15	(2)
Building New Nation-States	15	(2)
Imagining a New World	17	(4)
Myths and Reality	17	(1)
The Conquistadores: Faith and Greed	18	(1)
From Plunder to Settlement	19	(2)
The French Claim Canada	21	(1)
The English Enter the Competition	22	(3)
Birth of English Protestantism	22	(1)
Militant Protestantism	23	(1)
Woman in Power	24	(1)
Religion, War, and Nationalism	25	(1)
Irish Rehearsal for American Settlement	25	(1)
English Conquest of Ireland	25	(1)
English Brutality	26	(1)
An Unpromising Beginning: Mystery at Roanoke	26	(2)
Conclusion: Campaign to Sell America	28
Feature Essay: The Columbian Exchange: Ecological Revolution	12	(18)
New World Experiments: England's Seventeenth-Century Colonies	30	(30)
Profit and Piety: Competing Visions for English Settlement	31	(1)
Breaking Away	32	(1)
The Chesapeake: Dreams of Wealth	33	(7)
Entrepreneurs in Virginia	33	(2)
Spinning Out of Control	35	(1)
``Stinking Weed''	36	(1)
Time of Reckoning	37	(1)
Corruption and Reform	38	(1)
Maryland: A Troubled Refuge for Catholics	39	(1)
Reforming England in America	40	(9)
``The Great Migration''	41	(1)
``A City on a Hill''	42	(3)
Limits of Religious Dissent	45	(3)
Mobility and Division	48	(1)
Diversity in the Middle Colonies	49	(2)
Anglo-Dutch Rivalry on the Hudson	49	(2)
Confusion in New Jersey	51	(1)
Quakers in America	51	(3)
Quaker Beliefs and Practice	51	(1)
Penn's ``Holy Experiment''	52	(1)
Setting Pennsylvania	53	(1)
Planting the Carolinas	54	(2)
Proprietors of the Carolinas	54	(1)
The Barbadian Connection	55	(1)
The Founding of Georgia	56	(2)
Conclusion: Living with Diversity	58
Feature Essay: Capital Punishment in Early America: A Kind of Moral Theater?	46	(14)
Putting Down Roots: Opportunity and Oppression in Colonial Society	60	(32)
Families in an Atlantic Empire	61	(1)
Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the Seventeenth Century	62	(6)
Immigrant Families and New Social Order	62	(1)
Commonwealth of Families	63	(2)
Women's Lives in Puritan New England	65	(1)
Social Hierarchy in New England	66	(2)
The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment	68	(3)
Family Life at Risk	68	(1)
The Structure of Planter Society	69	(2)
Race and Freedom in British America	71	(5)
Roots of Slavery	71	(2)
Constructing African American Identities	73	(3)
Rise of a Commercial Empire	76	(1)
Response to Economic Competition	77	(1)
Regulating Colonial Trade	77	(2)
Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676--1691	79	(5)
Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion	79	(1)
The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony	80	(2)
Contagion of Witchcraft	82	(1)
The Glorious Revolution in New York and Maryland	83	(1)
Conclusion: Local Aspirations within an Atlantic Empire	84
Feature Essay: Anthony Johnson: A Free Black Planter on Pungotegue Creek	74	(12)
Law and Society: Witches and the Law: A Problem of Evidence in 1692	86	(6)
Experience of Empire: Eighteenth-Century America	92	(32)
Constructing an Anglo-American Identity: The Journal of William Byrd	93	(1)
Growth and Diversity	94	(5)
Scots-Irish Flee English Oppression	95	(1)
Germans Search for a Better Life	95	(1)
Convict Settlers	96	(1)
Native Americans Stake Out a Middle Ground	97	(2)
Spanish Borderlands of the Eighteenth Century	99	(4)
Conquering the Northern Frontier	102	(1)
Peoples of the Spanish Borderlands	102	(1)
The Impact of European Ideas on American Cultrue	103	(5)
Provincial Cities	103	(1)
American Enlightenment	104	(2)
Benjamin Franklin	106	(1)
Economic Transformation	107	(1)
Birth of a Consumer Society	107	(1)
Religious Revivals in Provincial Societies	108	(3)
The Great Awakening	109	(1)
The Voice of Popular Religion	109	(2)
Clash of Political Cultures	111	(3)
The English Constitution	111	(1)
The Reality of British Politics	112	(1)
Governing the Colonies: The American Experience	112	(1)
Colonial Assemblies	113	(1)
Century of Imperial War	114	(7)
King William's and Queen Anne's Wars	115	(1)
King George's War and Its Aftermath	116	(1)
Albany Congress and Braddock's Defeat	117	(1)
Seven Years' War	118	(2)
Perceptions of War	120	(1)
Conclusion: Rule Britannia?	121
Feature Essay: Learning to Live with Diversity in the Eighteenth Century: What Is an American?	100	(24)
The American Revolution: From Elite Protest to Popular Revolt, 1763--1783	124	(32)
Rethinking the Meaning of Social Equality	125	(1)
Structure of Colonial Society	126	(4)
Breakdown of Political Trust	127	(2)
No Taxation Without Representation: The American Perspective	129	(1)
Ideas About Power and Virtue	129	(1)
Eroding the Bonds of Empire	130	(12)
Paying Off the National Debt	131	(1)
Popular Protest	132	(2)
Failed Attempts to Save the Empire	134	(1)
Fueling the Crisis	134	(1)
Fatal Show of Force	135	(4)
Last Days of the Old Order, 1770--1773	139	(1)
The Final Provocation: The Boston Tea Party	140	(2)
Steps Toward Independence	142	(3)
Shots Heard Around the World	142	(1)
Beginning ``The World Over Again''	143	(2)
Fighting for Independence	145	(7)
Building a Professional Army	147	(1)
Testing the American Will	147	(1)
``Times That Try Men's Souls''	148	(1)
Victory in a Year of Defeat	148	(1)
The French Alliance	149	(1)
The Final Campaign	150	(2)
The Loyalist Dilemma	152	(1)
Winning the Peace	153	(1)
Conclusion: Preserving Independence	154
Feature Essay: Popular Resistance: Religion and Rebellion	136	(20)
The Republican Experiment	156	(34)
A New Political Morality	157	(1)
Defining Republican Culture	158	(1)
Living in the Shadow of Revolution	159	(5)
Social and Political Reform	159	(1)
African Americans in the New Republic	160	(2)
The Challenge of Women's Rights	162	(2)
Postponing Full Liberty	164	(1)
The States: Experiments in Republicanism	164	(2)
Blueprints for State Government	164	(1)
Natural Rights and the State Constitutions	165	(1)
Power to the People	165	(1)
Stumbling Toward a New National Government	166	(5)
Articles of Confederation	166	(1)
Western Land: Key to the First Constitution	167	(2)
Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation's Major Achievement	169	(2)
Strengthening Federal Authority	171	(2)
The Nationalist Critique	172	(1)
Diplomatic Humiliation	172	(1)
``Have We Fought for This?''	173	(8)
The Genius of James Madison	173	(1)
Constitutional Reform	174	(1)
The Philadelphia Convention	175	(1)
Inventing a Federal Republic	175	(1)
Compromise Saves the Convention	176	(1)
Compromising with Slavery	176	(4)
The Last Details	180	(1)
We, the People	180	(1)
Whose Constitution? Struggle for Ratification	181	(3)
Federalists and Antifederalists	181	(2)
Adding the Bill of Rights	183	(1)
Conclusion: Success Depends on the People	184
Feature Essay: The Elusive Constitution: Search for Original Intent	178	(8)
Law and Society: The Strange Ordeal of Quok Walker: Slavery on Trial in Revolutionary Massachusetts	186	(4)
Democracy in Distress: The Violence of Party Politics, 1788--1800	190	(28)
Force of Public Opinion	191	(1)
Principle and Pragmatism: Establishing a New Government	192	(2)
Conflicting Visions: Jefferson and Hamilton	194	(2)
Hamilton's Plan for Prosperity and Security	196	(3)
Funding and Assumption	196	(1)
Interpreting the Constitution: The Bank Controversy	197	(1)
Setback for Hamilton	198	(1)
Charges of Treason: The Battle over Foreign Affairs	199	(6)
The Peril of Neutrality	199	(4)
Jay's Treaty Sparks Domestic Unrest	203	(1)
Pushing the Native Americans Aside	204	(1)
Popular Political Culture	205	(3)
Informing the Public: News and Politics	206	(1)
Whiskey Rebellion: Charges of Republican Conspiracy	206	(1)
Washington's Farewell	207	(1)
The Adams Presidency	208	(5)
The XYZ Affair and Domestic Politics	209	(1)
Crushing Political Dissent	210	(1)
Silencing Political Opposition: The Alien and Sedition Acts	210	(2)
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions	212	(1)
Adams's Finest Hour	212	(1)
The Peaceful Revolution: The Election of 1800	213	(2)
Conclusion: Danger of Political Extremism	215
Feature Essay: Defense of Superiority: Science in the Service of Nationalism in the Early Republic	200	(18)
Republican Ascendancy: The Jeffersonian Vision	218	(28)
Limits of Equality	219	(1)
Regional Identities in a New Republic	220	(4)
Westward the Course of Empire	221	(1)
Native American Resistance	222	(1)
Commercial Life in the Cities	222	(2)
Jefferson as President	224	(5)
Jeffersonian Reforms	225	(1)
The Louisiana Purchase	226	(1)
The Lewis and Clark Expedition	227	(1)
Conflict with the Barbary States	228	(1)
Jefferson's Critics	229	(7)
Attack on the Judges	229	(4)
Politics of Desperation	233	(1)
Murder and Conspiracy: The Curious Career of Aaron Burr	234	(1)
The Slave Trade	235	(1)
Embarrassments Overseas	236	(4)
Embargo Divides the Nation	237	(1)
A New Administration Goes to War	238	(1)
Fumbling Toward Conflict	239	(1)
The Strange War of 1812	240	(4)
Hartford Convention: The Demise of the Federalists	242	(1)
Treaty of Ghent Ends the War	243	(1)
Conclusion: Republican Legacy	244
Feature Essay: Barbary Pirates and American Captives: The Nation's First Hostage Crisis	230	(16)
Nation Building and Nationalism	246	(26)
A Revolutionary War Hero Revisits America in 1824	247	(1)
Expansion and Migration	248	(8)
Extending the Boundaries	248	(2)
Settlement to the Mississippi	250	(4)
The People and Culture of the Frontier	254	(2)
A Revolution in Transportation	256	(3)
Roads and Steamboats	256	(1)
The Canal Boom	257	(2)
Emergence of a Market Economy	259	(3)
The Beginning of Commercial Agriculture	259	(1)
Commerce and Banking	260	(1)
Early Industrialism	261	(1)
The Politics of Nation Building after the War of 1812	262	(7)
The Republicans in Power	263	(1)
Monroe as President	264	(1)
The Missouri Compromise	264	(2)
Postwar Nationalism and the Supreme Court	266	(1)
Nationalism in Foreign Policy: The Monroe Doctrine	267	(1)
The Troubled Presidency of John Quincy Adams	268	(1)
Conclusion: The End of the ``Era of Good Feeling''	269
Feature Essay: Confronting New Land	252	(20)
The Triumph of White Men's Democracy	272	(28)
Democratic Space: The New Hotels	273	(1)
Democracy in Theory and Practice	274	(6)
Democracy and Society	275	(1)
Democratic Culture	276	(2)
Democratic Political Institutions	278	(1)
Economic Issues	279	(1)
Labor Radicalism and Equal Rights	279	(1)
Jackson and the Politics of Democracy	280	(8)
The Election of 1824 and J. Q. Adams's Administration	280	(1)
Jackson Comes to Power	281	(3)
Indian Removal	284	(2)
The Nullification Crisis	286	(2)
The Bank War and the Second Party System	288	(8)
Mr. Biddle's Bank	288	(1)
The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832	289	(1)
Killing the Bank	289	(2)
The Emergence of the Whigs	291	(1)
The Rise and Fall of Van Buren	291	(5)
Heyday of the Second Party System	296	(1)
Conclusion: Tocqueville's Wisdom	297
Feature Essay: Grassroots Democracy in Michigan	294	(6)
Slaves and Masters	300	(28)
Nat Turner's Rebellion: A Turning Point in the Slave South	301	(1)
The Divided Society of the Old South	302	(1)
The World of Southern Blacks	303	(9)
Slaves' Daily Life and Labor	304	(1)
Slave Families, Kinship, and Community	305	(2)
African American Religion	307	(2)
Resistance and Rebellion	309	(2)
Free Blacks in the Old South	311	(1)
White Society in the Antebellum South	312	(9)
The Planters' World	312	(1)
Planters and Paternalism	313	(4)
Small Slaveholders	317	(1)
Yeoman Farmers	317	(2)
A Closed Mind and a Closed Society	319	(2)
Slavery and the Southern Economy	321	(5)
The Internal Slave Trade	321	(1)
The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom	322	(2)
Slavery and Industrialization	324	(1)
The ``Profitability'' Issue	324	(2)
Conclusion: Worlds in Conflict	326
Feature Essay: Harriet Jacobs and Maria Norcom: Women of Southern Households	314	(14)
The Pursuit of Perfection	328	(30)
Redeeming the Middle Class	329	(1)
The Rise of Evangelicalism	330	(4)
The Second Great Awakening: The Frontier Phase	330	(1)
The Second Great Awakening in the North	331	(2)
From Revivalism to Reform	333	(1)
Domesticity and Changes in the American Family	334	(4)
Marriage for Love	334	(1)
The Cult of Domesticity	335	(2)
The Discovery of Childhood	337	(1)
Institutional Reform	338	(3)
The Extension of Education	338	(2)
Discovering the Asylum	340	(1)
Reform Turns Radical	341	(10)
Divisions in the Benevolent Empire	341	(1)
The Abolitionist Enterprise	342	(1)
Black Abolitionists	343	(2)
From Abolitionism to Women's Rights	345	(1)
Radical Ideas and Experiments	346	(5)
Conclusion: Counterpoint on Reform	351
Feature Essay: Spiritualism: Religion or Entertainment?	348	(6)
Law and Society: The Legal Rights of Married Women: Reforming the Law of Coverture	354	(4)
An Age of Expansionism	358	(28)
The Spirit of Young America	359	(1)
Movement to the Far West	360	(7)
Borderlands of the 1830s	360	(2)
The Texas Revolution	362	(1)
The Republic of Texas	363	(2)
Trails of Trade and Settlement	365	(1)
The Mormon Trek	365	(2)
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War	367	(7)
Tyler and Texas	367	(1)
The Triumph of Polk and Annexation	368	(1)
The Doctrine of Manifest Destiny	369	(1)
Polk and the Oregon Question	369	(1)
War with Mexico	370	(2)
Settlement of the Mexican-American War	372	(2)
Internal Expansionism	374	(9)
The Triumph of the Railroad	374	(1)
The Industrial Revolution Takes Off	375	(5)
Mass Immigration Begins	380	(1)
The New Working Class	381	(2)
Conclusion: The Costs of Expansion	383
Feature Essay: Hispanic America After 1848: A Case Study in Majority Rule	376	(10)
The Sectional Crisis	386	(32)
Brooks Assaults Sumner in Congress	387	(1)
The Compromise of 1850	388	(5)
The Problem of Slavery in the Mexican Cession	388	(1)
The Wilmot Proviso Launches the Free-Soil Movement	388	(1)
Squatter Sovereignty and the Election of 1848	389	(1)
Taylor Takes Charge	390	(1)
Forging a Compromise	391	(2)
Political Upheaval, 1852--1856	393	(7)
The Party System in Crisis	393	(1)
The Kansas-Nebraska Act Raises a Storm	393	(2)
An Appeal to Nativism: The Know-Nothing Episode	395	(2)
Kansas and the Rise of the Republicans	397	(2)
Sectional Division in the Election of 1856	399	(1)
The House Divided, 1857--1860	400	(9)
Cultural Sectionalism	400	(1)
The Dred Scott Case	401	(1)
The Lecompton Controversy	402	(1)
Debating the Morality of Slavery	403	(1)
The South's Crisis of Fear	404	(4)
The Election of 1860	408	(1)
Conclusion: Explaining the Crisis	409
Feature Essay: The Enigma of John Brown	406	(6)
Law and Society: The Case of Dred and Harriet Scott: Blurring the Borders of Politics and Justice	412	(6)
Secession and the Civil War	418	(32)
The Emergence of Lincoln	419	(2)
The Storm Gathers	421	(5)
The Deep South Secedes	421	(2)
The Failure of Compromise	423	(1)
And the War Came	424	(2)
Adjusting to Total War	426	(11)
Prospects, Plans, and Expectations	426	(1)
Mobilizing the Home Fronts	427	(4)
Political Leadership: Northern Success and Southern Failure	431	(1)
Early Campaigns and Battles	432	(4)
The Diplomatic Struggle	436	(1)
Fight to the Finish	437	(7)
The Coming of Emancipation	437	(1)
African Americans and the War	438	(1)
The Tide Turns	439	(2)
Last Stages of the Conflict	441	(3)
Effects of the War	444	(2)
Conclusion: An Organizational Revolution	446
Feature Essay: Soldiering in the Civil War	428	(22)
The Agony of Reconstruction	450
Robert Smalls and Black Politicians during Reconstruction	451	(1)
The President versus Congress	452	(8)
Wartime Reconstruction	453	(1)
Andrew Johnson at the Helm	453	(3)
Congress Takes the Initiative	456	(1)
Congressional Reconstruction Plan Enacted	457	(1)
The Impeachment Crisis	458	(2)
Reconstructing Southern Society	460	(6)
Reorganizing Land and Labor	460	(2)
Black Codes: A New Name for Slavery?	462	(1)
Republican Rule in the South	462	(2)
Claiming Public and Private Rights	464	(2)
Retreat from Reconstruction	466	(5)
Rise of the Money Question	466	(1)
Final Efforts of Reconstruction	466	(1)
A Reign of Terror Against Blacks	467	(2)
Spoilsmen versus Reformers	469	(2)
Reunion and the New South	471	(4)
The Compromise of 1877	471	(1)
``Redeeming'' a New South	472	(1)
The Rise of Jim Crow	473	(2)
Conclusion: Henry McNeal Turner and the ``Unfinished Revolution''	475	(1)
Feature Essay: Changing Views of Reconstruction	476
APPENDIX	1	(1)
The Declaration of Independence	2	(2)
The Articles of Confederation	4	(4)
The Constitution of the United States of America	8	(5)
Amendments to the Constitution	13	(4)
Presidential Elections	17	(5)
Political and Physical Map of the United States	22	(2)
Political Map of the World	24
Glossary	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1