American Ethnicity : The Dynamics and Consequences of Discrimination

by AGUIRRE ADALBERTO JR.

• ISBN13: 9780072319910
• ISBN10: 0072319917
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-26
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

This brief and inexpensive text provides a concise introduction to the dynamics of racial and ethnic relations. After summarizing key concepts and theories, the authors develop a simple theoretical framework that guides the presentation of data on each of the prominent ethnic groups in America. As a result, the book examines each ethnic group from the same perspective, allowing students to compare the dynamics of discrimination against African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, white ethnics, and Latinos. Moreover, this framework provides a way to examine ethnic relations around the world and to compare the dynamics in other parts of the world with those operating in America.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations	1	(20)
Race and Ethnicity	2	(1)
Ethnic Groups	3	(1)
Minority Groups	4	(1)
Ethnic Discrimination	4	(6)
Types of Discrimination	5	(3)
The Institutionalization of Discrimination	8	(2)
Ethnic Stratification	10	(2)
Ethnic Prejudice	12	(1)
Adaptations to Prejudice and Discrimination	13	(4)
Passive Acceptance	14	(1)
Marginal Participation	14	(1)
Assimilation	14	(1)
Withdrawal and Self-Segregation	15	(1)
Revolt and Rebellion	15	(1)
Organized Protest	15	(2)
Summary	17	(2)
Points of Debate	19	(2)
Explaining Ethnic Relations	21	(22)
Theories of Ethnic Relations	21	(9)
Assimilation Theories	21	(2)
Pluralism Theories	23	(1)
Biological Theories	24	(1)
Human Ecology Theories	25	(1)
Power and Stratification Theories	26	(4)
A Unified Theory of Ethnic Relations	30	(10)
Summary	40	(1)
Points of Debate	41	(2)
The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism	43	(13)
Early Colonization of America	43	(2)
The Anglo-Saxons	43	(1)
The Early Colonists	44	(1)
The Cultural and Institutional Legacy of Early Colonization	45	(3)
The Core Culture	45	(1)
The Core Institutional Structures	46	(2)
Anglo-Saxon Hegemony and the Dynamics of Ethnicity	48	(5)
The Domination of the Anglo-Saxon Core	48	(1)
The Anglo-Saxon Core and the Dynamics of Discrimination	49	(4)
Summary	53	(1)
Points of Debate	54	(2)
African Americans	56	(48)
Resource Shares of African Americans	57	(6)
The Impoverishment of African Americans	57	(1)
The Income of African Americans	57	(2)
The Occupation Distribution of African Americans	59	(1)
Educational Attainment of African Americans	60	(1)
Housing of African Americans	61	(1)
Life Span of African Americans	62	(1)
The Dynamics of Discrimination against African Americans	63	(28)
Identifiability of African Americans	63	(1)
Negative Beliefs about African Americans	64	(2)
Institutionalized Discrimination against African Americans	66	(25)
Stratification of African Americans	91	(3)
Affluent and Poor African Americans: The Widening Gap	91	(1)
The African American Underclass: Myth or Reality?	91	(2)
Threats and Hostility toward African Americans	93	(1)
Responding to Discrimination	94	(7)
Protest during Slavery	94	(1)
Protest after Slavery	94	(4)
The Last Fifty Years	98	(3)
Summary	101	(1)
Points of Debate	102	(2)
Native Americans	104	(30)
On the Verge of Extinction	104	(3)
Resource Shares of Native Americans	107	(7)
Income of Native Americans	108	(1)
Occupational Distribution of Native Americans	108	(1)
Educational Attainment of Native Americans	109	(1)
Life Span of Native Americans	109	(3)
Housing of Native Americans	112	(1)
Poverty of Native Americans	113	(1)
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Native Americans	114	(14)
Identifiability of Native Americans	114	(2)
Negative Beliefs about Native Americans	116	(1)
Institutionalized Discrimination against Native Americans	117	(11)
Stratification of Native Americans	128	(1)
Responding to Discrimination	129	(3)
War as a Nonviable Response	129	(1)
Retreatism as Another Nonviable Response	130	(1)
Pan-Indianism	130	(1)
The Economic Battle	131	(1)
Summary	132	(1)
Points of Debate	133	(1)
Latinos	134	(35)
Resource Shares of Latinos	135	(6)
Poverty Levels of Latinos	135	(1)
Income of Latinos	135	(2)
Occupational Distribution of Latinos	137	(1)
Educational Attainment of Latinos	137	(3)
Life Span of Latinos	140	(1)
Housing of Latinos	141	(1)
Mexican Americans	141	(14)
Identifiability of Chicanos	141	(3)
The History of Mexican Americans: Conquest, Displacement, and Exploitation	144	(2)
Negative Beliefs about Chicanos	146	(1)
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Mexican Americans	147	(8)
Stratification of the Mexican-Origin Population	155	(1)
Puerto Ricans	155	(5)
Identifiability of Puerto Ricans	156	(1)
Negative Beliefs about Puerto Ricans	157	(1)
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Puerto Ricans	157	(3)
Stratification of Puerto Ricans	160	(1)
Cuban Americans	160	(5)
Negative Beliefs about Cuban Americans	161	(2)
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Cuban Americans	163	(2)
Stratification of Cuban Americans	165	(1)
Summary	165	(2)
Points of Debate	167	(2)
Asian Americans	169	(33)
Resource Shares of Asian Americans	170	(7)
Impoverishment of Asian Americans	170	(1)
Income of Asian Americans	170	(1)
Occupational Distribution of Asian Americans	171	(2)
Educational Attainment of Asian Americans	173	(1)
Housing of Asian Americans	174	(3)
Life Span of Asian Americans	177	(1)
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Asian Americans	177	(16)
Identifiability of Asian Americans	178	(1)
Negative Beliefs about Asian Americans	178	(2)
Institutionalized Discrimination against Asian Americans	180	(13)
Stratification of Asian Americans	193	(1)
Responding to Discrimination	194	(4)
The Precarious Situation for Asian Americans	198	(1)
Summary	199	(1)
Points of Debate	200	(2)
White Ethnic Americans	202	(24)
Resource Shares of White Ethnic Groups	202	(5)
Irish Americans	207	(4)
Identifiability of Irish Americans	207	(1)
Negative Beliefs about Irish Americans	208	(1)
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Irish Americans	208	(3)
The Stratification of Irish Americans	211	(1)
Italian Americans	211	(5)
Identifiability of Italian Americans	212	(1)
Negative Beliefs about Italian Americans	213	(1)
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Italian Americans	213	(2)
Stratification of Italian Americans	215	(1)
Jewish Americans	216	(6)
Identifiability of Jewish Americans	217	(1)
Negative Beliefs about Jewish Americans	218	(1)
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Jewish Americans	219	(2)
The Stratification of Jewish Americans	221	(1)
Summary	222	(2)
Points of Debate	224	(2)
The Future of Ethnicity in America	226	(23)
The New Immigrants	227	(10)
Countries of Origin	227	(2)
Consequences of the New Immigration Patterns	229	(1)
Reasons for the Shift in Immigration Patterns	230	(3)
Settlement Patterns of the New Immigrants	233	(2)
Other Characteristics of the New Immigrants	235	(2)
The Immigration Dilemma	237	(3)
The Future Dynamic of Discrimination	240	(4)
Lantionos and the American Future	240	(1)
Asian Americans in the Future	241	(1)
African Americans in the Future	241	(3)
Conclusion: The Problematic Nature of a Multicultural America	244	(4)
Points of Debate	248	(1)
American Ethnic Tensions in Global Perspective	249	(43)
Forces Increasing World Ethnic Conflict	249	(1)
Contextual Factors in Ethnic Conflict	250	(3)
Canada	253	(3)
Brazil	256	(4)
Northern Ireland	260	(7)
Western Europe	267	(2)
The Collapse of the Soviet Empire	269	(1)
The Balkans	270	(5)
Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia	270	(2)
Kosovo	272	(3)
The Middle East	275	(6)
Central Africa	281	(6)
Rwanda	283	(2)
Burundi	285	(2)
South Africa	287	(3)
Conclusion	290	(2)
References	292	(26)
Photo Credits	318	(1)
Index	319