American Foreign Policy Since World War II

by Hook, Steven W.; Spanier, John

• ISBN13: 9781452226712
• ISBN10: 1452226717
• Edition: 19th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-07-15
• Publisher: Cq Pr

Summary

The classic text on the conduct of American foreign policy, Hook and Spanier's book has long set the standard in guiding students through the complexities of the field. With each edition, the authors find that new developments in foreign policy conform to the book's enduring theme-that there is an American "style" of foreign policy imbued with a distinct sense of national exceptionalism. Giving students the historical context they need, the book allows them to truly grasp the functions and frequent dysfunctions of the nation's foreign policy agenda.

Author Biography

Steven W. Hook is professor of the Political Science Department at Kent State University. He is the author of several books, including U.S. Foreign policy: The Paradox of World Power (3rd ed., 2011) and National Interest and Foreign Aid (1995). He has edited many anthologies, including most recently the Routledge Handbook of American Foreign Policy (2012, with Christopher Jones) and U.S. Foreign policy Today: American Renewal? (2011, with James M. Scott). His articles have appeared in such journals as World Politics, International Studies Quarterly, Asian Survey, European Security, International Interactions, and Foreign Policy Analysis. Hook is a past president of the Foreign Policy Analysis sections of the International Studies Association and the American Political Science Association. John Spanier received his PhD from Yale University. Since joining the faculty of the University of Florida in 1957, Spanier has lectured at the U.S. State Department's Foreign Service Institute, the Naval War College, military service academies, and several universities. Among his many other books is Games Nations Play.

Table of Contents

Maps, Tables, Figures, and Boxes	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
The American Approach to Foreign Policy	p. 1
Learning from Experience	p. 5
The Roots of American Primacy	p. 6
Shifts in the Balance of Power	p. 7
Redefining American Security	p. 8
The American Sense of Destiny	p. 10
A Skeptical View of Power Politics	p. 12
Foreign Policy as Moral Mission	p. 14
Self-Doubts, Revisionism, and Social Construction	p. 18
The Cold War
From World War to Cold War	p. 21
American Wartime Illusions	p. 23
The Russo-Soviet Approach to Foreign Policy	p. 25
The Russian Background	p. 26
The Soviet Ingredient	p. 27
Soviet Expansion after World War II	p. 29
U.S.-Soviet Differences	p. 30
The Soviet Push to the South	p. 32
The Strategy of Containment	p. 34
George Kennan and the New Grand Strategy	p. 36
Alternatives to Containment	p. 38
Declaring Cold War: The Truman Doctrine	p. 40
Containment: From Theory to Practice	p. 44
New Economic and Military Structures	p. 46
The Bretton Woods System	p. 46
The National Security Act	p. 49
Reviving the Western European Allies	p. 50
The Marshall Plan	p. 51
Roots of the European Union	p. 52
European Security and the NATO Alliance	p. 54
Recurring Conflicts over Berlin	p. 56
Confronting Revolution in East Asia	p. 57
The Chinese Revolution	p. 58
Hot War in Korea	p. 60
Domestic Pressures for a Global Crusade	p. 65
Eisenhower's 'New Look' in Foreign Policy	p. 66
North-South Tensions and the Vietnam War	p. 71
Developing Countries in the Crossfire	p. 72
Regional Conflicts in Latin America	p. 80
Guatemala's Military Coup	p. 81
The Cuban Missile Crisis	p. 83
Strong-Arming Chile	p. 87
Vietnam: The Limits of Containment	p. 88
Testing the 'Domino Theory'	p. 90
The Misconduct of Guerrilla Warfare	p. 92
The Military Battlefield in Vietnam	p. 93
The Political Battlefield at Home	p. 95
American Defeat and Withdrawal	p. 98
Detente and World-Order Politics	p. 101
Managing the Superpower Rivalry	p. 103
Henry Kissinger's Worldview	p. 104
Exploiting the Sino-Soviet Split	p. 105
Arms Control and 'Linkage'	p. 107
Carter's Quest for World Order	p. 110
War and Peace in the Middle East	p. 114
Early Arab-Israeli Wars	p. 114
The Camp David Accords	p. 116
Blowback and the Soviet Power Play	p. 120
Nicaragua's Sandinista Revolution	p. 121
America 'Held Hostage' in Iran	p. 122
The Soviet Takeover in Afghanistan	p. 124
The Revival of Superpower Confrontation	p. 127
Reagan's Rhetorical Offensive	p. 129
Expanding U.S. Military Forces	p. 131
Opposition to Arms Control	p. 132
The Strategic Defense Initiative	p. 134
'Rollback' in Developing Countries	p. 135
Evaluating the Reagan Doctrine	p. 139
The Iran-Contra Scandal	p. 141
Alliance Politics in the Late Cold War	p. 142
Poland and the Rise of Solidarity	p. 144
The Missile Debate in Europe	p. 145
From Confrontation to Conciliation	p. 147
The End of the Cold War	p. 151
Bush's Management of the Soviet Collapse	p. 152
Dismantling Stalin's Empire	p. 154
Detaching Brezhnev's Outposts	p. 159
Stabilizing the Nuclear Balance	p. 160
Endgame: The Collapse of the Core	p. 161
Reasons for the Soviet Collapse	p. 166
The Contending Arguments in Perspective	p. 167
Excesses of the Containment Policy	p. 171
A Final Appraisal	p. 172
The New World 'Disorder'
America's 'Unipolar Moment'	p. 174
Great Expectations after the Cold War	p. 177
Revived Debates about America's World Role	p. 179
Clinton's Embrace of'Geoeconomics'	p. 184
The Course of America's Economic Troubles	p. 185
Responses by the Clinton Administration	p. 187
East Asia's Economic 'Miracle'	p. 190
Promoting Democracy and Sustainable Development	p. 193
A Grand Strategy of Democratic 'Enlargement'	p. 193
Support for Sustainable Development	p. 196
Domestic Challenges to Clinton's Foreign Policy	p. 197
Old Tensions in a New Order	p. 201
Sources of Global Fragmentation	p. 202
War and Peace in the Middle East	p. 204
Iraq's Challenge in the Persian Gulf	p. 205
Obstacles to an Arab-Israeli Peace	p. 210
The Plight of 'Failed States'	p. 214
Somalia and Central Africa	p. 215
Haiti	p. 218
Nuclear Brinkmanship in South Asia	p. 220
Lessons from the Regional Crises	p. 223
The Shifting European Landscape	p. 226
Western Europe: From Community to Union	p. 228
Jump-Starting Democracy in Eastern Europe	p. 232
NATO's Search for a New Mission	p. 234
'Ethnic Cleansing' in the Balkans	p. 237
The Dayton Accords	p. 241
The Kosovo Showdown	p. 243
U.S.-Russian Relations under Stress	p. 246
Internal Challenges to Reform	p. 247
Unrest in the 'Near Abroad'	p. 249
America under Fire	p. 252
Strains in the Unipolar Order	p. 255
The Globalization Backlash	p. 255
Retreat from Multilateralism	p. 257
The Growing Threat of 'Sacred Terror'	p. 261
Early Warnings and Responses	p. 262
The al Qaeda Connection	p. 266
Terror in the Morning Sky	p. 267
Elements of Counterterrorism	p. 270
Intelligence	p. 272
Diplomacy	p. 274
Homeland Security	p. 275
A Grand Strategy of Primacy and Preemption	p. 276
Hot Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq	p. 282
The Afghanistan Campaign	p. 283
Benign Neglect after the Cold War	p. 284
Phase 1: Dislodging the Taliban	p. 286
Phase 2: Nation Building in Rugged Terrain	p. 288
Renewed Hostilities against Iraq	p. 290
Making the Case for War	p. 293
Operation Iraqi Freedom	p. 297
A Race against Time	p. 301
The 'New Way Forward'	p. 303
Flashbacks to Vietnam	p. 304
A World of Trouble	p. 309
Legacies oftheBushEra	p. 310
Internal Threats to Democracy	p. 311
The Financial Collapse of 2008	p. 314
Obama's Call for 'Renewal'	p. 318
Unfinished Business in the War on Terror	p. 322
The Pakistani Tinderbox	p. 322
Target bin Laden	p. 325
Withdrawal from Iraq	p. 329
Ongoing Threats of Nuclear Proliferation	p. 331
Iran's Quest for 'Nuclear Rights'	p. 331
Nuclear Brinkmanship in North Korea	p. 333
The Balance of Power in Flux	p. 336
Cracks in the Unipolar Order	p. 337
The Arab Spring and U.S. Response	p. 340
Regime Change in Tunisia and Egypt	p. 342
NATO's Libya Gambit	p. 344
Contagion in the Middle East	p. 347
China's Pacific Challenge	p. 351
Struggles in Russia and the 'Eurozone'	p. 354
Rediscovering America	p. 358
U.S. Administrations since World War II	p. 361
Chronology of Significant Events, 1945-2011	p. 362
Select Bibliography	p. 378
Select Websites	p. 395
Select Blogs on American Foreign Policy	p. 397
Index	p. 398
Photo Credits	p. 423
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