Amphetamine Syntheses: Industrial

by Snow, Otto

• ISBN13: 9780966312836
• ISBN10: 096631283X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-09-01
• Publisher: Thoth Pr

Table of Contents

Dedication	iii
Reader's Notice	viii
Introduction	xi
Amphetamine Laboratories	1	(11)
Laboratory Statistics	3	(2)
MDMA Production	5	(2)
The Chemist	7	(5)
Methamphetamine Laboratories	12	(20)
Methamphetamine Terms	12	(1)
Primary Methamphetamine Production Methods	13	(1)
Assessment of the Threat	14	(1)
Production With the United States	14	(1)
Production Outside the United States	15	(1)
New Hampshire Production	16	(1)
Kansas Production	16	(1)
Global and Domestic Entry/Exit Seizures	17	(1)
Minnesota Production	18	(1)
New Jersey Production	18	(1)
Crystal Methamphetamine -- ``Ice''	19	(1)
Methamphetamine Production Methods	19	(1)
Ohio Production	20	(1)
Pennsylvania Production	20	(1)
Wisconsin Production	21	(1)
Hazardous Waste	22	(2)
Hazardous Waste Cleanup	24	(1)
Chemicals and the Law
Principal Provisions of the Chemical Diversion Control Laws and Regulations	25	(1)
Inspection Authority	25	(1)
Who Must Register	26	(1)
Proof of Identity	26	(1)
Thresholds for Regulated Transactions (List 1)	27	(1)
Contents of Regulated Transaction Records	28	(1)
Thresholds for Regulated Transactions (List 2)	29	(1)
Maintenance of Records	30	(1)
Types of Required Reports: Oral Reports	30	(1)
Special Surveillance List	30	(1)
Special Surveillance List Chemicals	30	(2)
Psychopharmaceutical Trade	32	(10)
Serotonin	35	(1)
L-Tryptophan (Essential Amino Acid)	36	(1)
Psychedelic Amphetamines	36	(6)
Designer Drugs	42	(7)
Controlled Substance Analogue Act	48	(1)
The Repression of Neurochemistry	49	(14)
The First Prong	49	(1)
A Change in Structure; A Change in Activity	49	(1)
Substantial Differences in Amphetamine A Change in Structure; A Change in Activity	50	(1)
The Same Molecule, Different Species, Different Activity	51	(1)
The Second Prong	52	(1)
``Intended For Human Consumption''	53	(3)
Common Sense vs. Legalese	56	(2)
A Functional Knowledge of Chemicals	58	(5)
The Chemistry	63	(6)
Molecular Weights; (Moles); The Keys of Chemistry	65	(1)
The Reactions	66	(1)
Decade of the Brain Proclamation	67	(2)
Amphetamines, Methylamphetamines Ephedrines, Aminorex, Amino Ketones & Substituted Phenylisopropylamines	69	(18)
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine	70	(1)
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-alkylamphetamines	70	(1)
MDMA Story	71	(1)
MDMA Production	71	(1)
MDMA Precursor Chemicals	72	(4)
Substituted-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamines	76	(1)
4-Substituted-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamines	77	(1)
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylalkylamines	78	(1)
4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxy-Substituted N-Alkylphenylalkylamines	78	(2)
PMA (para-Methoxyamphetamine)	80	(1)
PMA Production	81	(1)
Ephedrine Alkaloids	82	(1)
Cathine	83	(1)
Aminoketones	84	(1)
Phentermines	85	(1)
2-Amino-5-aryloxazolines	86	(1)
Reductions Using Metals	87	(13)
Using Aluminum: Aluminum Amalgam from Aluminum Shavings	87	(1)
Aluminum Amalgam from Aluminum Foil	87	(1)
Aluminum Amalgam from Aluminum Powder	88	(1)
Reduction of P-2-P Using Amalgamated Al Turnings	89	(1)
Methamphetamine; P-2-P + Aluminum Foil	90	(1)
Reduction of P-2-P Using Aluminum Turnings (Amalgamated) with Amine	91	(1)
Reduction: Aluminum Amalgam & Nitromethane	91	(1)
Using Zinc: Phenylethylamines from β-Nitrostyrene: Zinc and Mercuric Bichloride	92	(1)
Reduction of Phenylnitroalcohols with Zinc Phenylpropanolamine Preparation	92	(1)
Using Iron: Reductions Using Iron Filings Phenylnitroalcohols to Phenylaminoalcohols	93	(1)
Ephedrine from 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione	94	(1)
Ephedrine from 1-Phenylpropan-1-ol-2-one	94	(1)
Preparation of Mercury Bichloride	95	(1)
Methylamine Hydrochloride Preparation	95	(3)
Other Methods of Preparation	98	(1)
N-Methylation of Amphetamines	99	(1)
Electrolytic Reductions	100	(14)
Electrolytic Reduction Apparatus	100	(1)
Electrolytic Production	101	(2)
Preparation of Amphetamine from Phenyl-2-nitropropene	103	(1)
Preparation of Methoxy-amphetamine	103	(1)
Electrolytic Reduction Apparatus Components	104	(1)
Electrolytic Reduction Apparatus	105	(1)
The Electrolytic Reduction	106	(2)
Drying of the Phenylalkylamine HCl	108	(1)
Purification and Precipitation of the Substituted Phenylalkylamine Salt	109	(1)
Purification of the HCl Salt From the Catholyte Liquor	109	(1)
Amphetamine from Electrolytic Reduction of P-2-P/P-2-P Oxime	110	(1)
Electrolytic Reduction Apparatus	111	(2)
Electrolytic Preparation of Methamphetamine from 1-Phenyl-1-chloro-2-methylaminopropane	113	(1)
Phenyl-2-Nitroalkene Preparation: Phenylnitroalkenes From Benzaldehydes and Nitroalkanes	114	(13)
Phenyl-2-nitropropenes from Propenylbenzenes	116	(1)
Phenyl-2-nitropropenes from Pseudonitrosites	117	(1)
Pseudonitrosites From Substituted Propenylbenzenes	118	(1)
Preparation of Phenylnitropropanols	119	(1)
Manufacture of Phenyl-2-nitropropanol	120	(1)
Preparation of Sodium Nitrite	121	(3)
Manufacture of Sodium Nitrite	124	(1)
Preparation of Ether from Ethanol	124	(1)
Preparation of Ether	125	(2)
Preparation of Ketones	127	(41)
Phenyl-2-propanone From Phenylacetic Acid	127	(1)
Phenyl-2-propanone Using Pyridine	127	(1)
Dehydrocarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids to Form Phenyl-2-propanone	128	(1)
Gas Phase Production of Phenyl-2-propanone from Phenyl Acetic Acid and Acetic Acid	129	(1)
Preparation of P-2-P Using Magnesia	130	(1)
Preparation of Manganous Oxide Catalyst	131	(1)
Benzyl-Methyl-Ketone Preparation Using Manganese Dioxide	131	(1)
Preparation of Propiophenone from Benzoic Acid and Propionic Acid	132	(1)
Large Scale Production of Propiophenone	133	(1)
Phenyl Acetic Acid Preparation	133	(2)
Benzyl Cyanide	135	(2)
More Preparations of Phenyl Acetic Acid: Method One: Benzylmagnesium Chloride and Dry Ice	137	(1)
Method Two: Modified Willgerodt Reaction	137	(1)
Method Three: Ethylbenzene and Sodium Chromate	138	(1)
Benzyl Chloride from Toluene	138	(1)
Benzyl Chloride from Benzyl Alcohol	139	(1)
Substituted Phenyl-2-Propanones From Substituted Phenyl-2-Nitropropenes	139	(1)
Phenyl-2-Propanone From Monochloroacetone	140	(1)
Preparation of Monochloroacetone	141	(1)
Chlorination of Acetone	141	(1)
Fractionation	142	(1)
Stabilization of Chloroacetone	142	(1)
Phenyl-2-propanones From Propenylbenzenes	142	(1)
Substituted Phenyl-2-Propanones From Substituted Phenyl-1,2-Propanediol Diacetates	143	(1)
Preparation of Propiophenone: Preparation of Phenylethylcarbinol	143	(1)
Friedel-Crafts Reaction; Ketones From Phenols	144	(1)
Preparation of P-2-P & alpha-Phenylpropionaldehyde (2-Phenylpropanal) from Allybenzene	144	(1)
Preparation of P-2-P from 2-Phenylpropanal and Phosphoric Acid	144	(1)
2-Phenylpropanal from 2-Phenyl-1-propanol	145	(1)
1-Phenylpropan-1-ol-2-one (L-PAC) from Benzaldehyde	146	(5)
L-3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylacetyl Carbinol from Piperonal (3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde)	151	(1)
Methamphetamine Production: More Methods
Preparation of Methamphetamine from Chloro-ephedrin	152	(1)
Preparation of Chloroephedrine	152	(1)
Methamphetamine from Ephedrine Using Phosphorus and Hydriodic Acid	153	(1)
Catalytic Hydrogenation Preparation of Methamphetamine	153	(1)
Preparation of Desoxyephedrine (meth)	154	(1)
Methamphetamine from Ephedrine; Birch Reaction	154	(1)
Leuckart-Wallach Reaction:
Substituted N-Alkyl-Amphetamine From Substituted Phenylisopropyl-N-Alkylformamides Amines From Formamides	155	(2)
1-Phenyl-2-(formylamino)propane From Phenyl-2-propanone And Ammonium Formate	157	(1)
1-Phenyl-2-(formylalkylamino)propane From Substituted P-2-P and N-Alkylformamide	158	(1)
Preparation of 4-Methoxy-phenyl-2-methylaminopropane Using Methylamine Hydrochloride	159	(1)
Preparation of Phenyl-2-ethylaminopropane	160	(1)
Amphetamine From alpha-Bromophenylpropane	160	(1)
2-Bromo-1-phenylpropane from Allybenzene	161	(1)
Ritter Reaction	162	(1)
Preparation of More Psychostimulants
Preparation of Bromopropiophenone	163	(1)
Preparation of Norpseudoephedrine (Cathine) From Phenylpropanolamine	164	(1)
Preparation of Norpseudoephedrine (Cathine) From N-Acetyl-Phenylpropanolamine	164	(1)
Preparation of Methcathinone	164	(1)
Preparation of Dialkylaminopropiophenone	165	(1)
Preparation of alpha-Bromopropiophenone	165	(1)
Methylaminopropiophenone Compounds Using Sodium Dichromate	165	(1)
β-Dimethylamino-α-methyl-propiophenone from Propiophenone, Methylamine HCl and p-Formaldehyde	166	(1)
Cathinone from isoNitrosopropiophenone and Tin Dichloride	166	(1)
Preparation of iso-Nitrosopropiophenone	166	(1)
Aminorex: Preparation of 3,4,5-Trimethoxyaminorex	167	(1)
Substituted Benzaldehydes	168	(8)
Benzaldehydes From Phenols; Duff Reaction	172	(1)
Benzaldehydes from Phenols; Elbs Persulfate Oxidation	172	(1)
Phenols From Benzaldehydes; Dakin Reaction	173	(1)
Mono-Alkylation of Hydroxybenzaldehydes	173	(1)
Benzaldehyde from Benzyl Chloride	174	(1)
Benzaldehydes From Propenylbenzenes	174	(2)
Ally and Propenylbenzenes from Natural Sources	176	(12)
Allybenzene, Propenylbenzene, Eugenol, Isoeugenol	176	(1)
Estragol, Anethol	177	(1)
Sassafras Root Bark Oil	177	(1)
Safrole, Isosafrol	177	(1)
2,4,5-Trimethoxyallybenzene (β-Asarone)	178	(1)
Apiol, Isoapiol	178	(1)
2,3,5,6-Tetramethoxyallybenzene and Apiol (3,4-methylenedioxy-2,5-dimethoxy-allybenzene) from Parsley Seeds	179	(1)
Dill Apiol, Isodill Apiol	179	(1)
Elemicin, Isoelemicin, Carpacin	180	(1)
2,5-Dimethoxypropenylbenzene from Asarone	180	(1)
Propenylbenzenes From Phenyl-1-Propanols	181	(1)
Allybenzene From 3-Phenyl-1-propanol By Thermal Dehydration	182	(1)
Propenylbenzene From Allybenzene By Thermal Dehydration	182	(1)
Propenylbenzenes From Allybenzene By Use of Potassium Hydroxide	183	(1)
Para-substituted Propenylbenzenes From Para-substituted Benzenes; Quelet Reaction	183	(1)
Preparation of Phenyl-1-Propanols Using the Grignard Reagent	184	(2)
Phenyl-1-Propanol by Reduction of Propiophenone	186	(1)
Preparation of Propenylbenzene from Chloroephedrine	187	(1)
Preparation of Nitroalkanes from Alkanes	188	(6)
Manufacture of Nitroalkanes	188	(1)
Process of Nitration of Paraffins	189	(2)
Preparation of Nitroethane	191	(1)
Nitroalkane Producing Apparatus	192	(2)
Separation of Optical Isomers	194	(3)
Discovery of Optical Activity and Stereochemistry	194	(1)
The Stereochemistry of Amphetamine	195	(1)
Chirality	195	(1)
Separation of d-Phenylpropanolamine	196	(1)
Hallucinogenic Drugs, Serotonin Receptors, Dopamine and Neurotoxicity	197	(7)
Serotonin Neurotoxins	198	(1)
Para-Bromination of Substituted Phenylalkylamines	199	(1)
4-Bromo-Phenylalkylamine Hydrobromide Salt From Phenylalkylamines	199	(1)
Precipitation and Purification of 4-Bromo-Substituted Phenylalkylamine HBr	199	(1)
4-Para-Chlorination of Phenylalkylamines	200	(1)
Scientific Inquiry	200	(3)
LD-50's of Conventional Psychoactives	203	(1)
References	204	(25)
Index	229