Analytical Electrochemistry, 2nd Edition

by Joseph Wang (New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico)

• ISBN13: 9780471282723
• ISBN10: 0471282723
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-06-01
• Publisher: Wiley-VCH

Summary

The critically acclaimed guide to the principles, techniques, and instruments of electroanalytical chemistry-now expanded and revised Joseph Wang, internationally renowned authority on electroanalytical techniques, thoroughly revises his acclaimed book to reflect the rapid growth the field has experienced in recent years. He substantially expands the theoretical discussion while providing comprehensive coverage of the latest advances through late 1999, introducing such exciting new topics as self-assembled monolayers, DNA biosensors, lab-on-a-chip, detection for capillary electrophoresis, single molecule detection, and sol-gel surface modification. Along with numerous references from the current literature and new worked-out examples, Analytical Electrochemistry, Second Edition offers clear, reader-friendly explanations of the fundamental principles of electrochemical processes as well as important insight into the potential of electroanalysis for problem solving in a wide range of fields, from clinical diagnostics to environmental science. Key topics include: * The basics of electrode reactions and the structure of the interfacial region * Tools for elucidating electrode reactions and high-resolution surface characterization * An overview of finite-current controlled potential techniques * Electrochemical instrumentation and electrode materials * Principles of potentiometric measurements and ion-selective electrodes * Chemical sensors, including biosensors, gas sensors, solid-state devices, and sensor arrays

Author Biography

Joseph Wang is Professor of Chemistry at New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico. He is the recipient of the 1999 ACS Award for Chemical Instrumentation and the 1994 Heyrovsky Medal.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Abbreviations and Symbols	xiii
Fundamental Concepts	1	(27)
Why Electroanalysis?	1	(2)
Faradaic Processes	3	(15)
Mass Transport-Controlled Reactions	4	(3)
Potential Step Experiment	7	(1)
Potential-Sweep Experiments	8	(3)
Reactions Controlled by the Rate of Electron Transfer	11	(5)
Activated Complex Theory	16	(2)
The Electrical Double Layer	18	(4)
Electrocapillary Effect	22	(6)
Supplementary Reading	25	(1)
References	26	(1)
Questions	26	(2)
Study of Electrode Reactions	28	(32)
Cyclic Voltammetry	28	(12)
Data Interpretation	30	(1)
Reversible Systems	31	(1)
Irreversible and Quasi-Reversible Systems	32	(1)
Study of Reaction Mechanisms	33	(3)
Study of Adsorption Processes	36	(3)
Quantitative Applications	39	(1)
Spectroelectrochemistry	40	(6)
Experimental Arrangement	40	(1)
Principles and Applications	41	(3)
Other Spectroelectrochemical and Spectroscopic Techniques	44	(2)
Scanning Probe Microscopy	46	(6)
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy	46	(1)
Atomic Force Microscopy	47	(2)
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy	49	(3)
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance	52	(8)
References	54	(2)
Examples	56	(3)
Questions	59	(1)
Controlled-Potential Techniques	60	(40)
Chronoamperometry	60	(2)
Polarography	62	(5)
Pulse Voltammetry	67	(7)
Normal-Pulse Voltammetry	67	(1)
Differential-Pulse Voltammetry	68	(4)
Square-Wave Voltammetry	72	(2)
Staircase Voltammetry	74	(1)
AC Voltammetry	74	(1)
Stripping Analysis	75	(9)
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry	76	(3)
Potentiometric Stripping Analysis	79	(1)
Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry and Potentiometry	80	(2)
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	82	(2)
Applications	84	(1)
Flow Analysis	84	(16)
Principles	87	(1)
Cell Design	88	(2)
Mass Transport and Current Response	90	(2)
Detection Modes	92	(2)
References	94	(2)
Examples	96	(2)
Questions	98	(2)
Practical Considerations	100	(40)
Electrochemical Cells	100	(2)
Solvents and Supporting Electrolytes	102	(1)
Oxygen Removal	103	(1)
Instrumentation	104	(3)
Working Electrodes	107	(33)
Mercury Electrodes	108	(2)
Solid Electrodes	110	(1)
Rotating Disk and Ring-Disk Electrodes	111	(2)
Carbon Electrodes	113	(1)
Glassy-Carbon Electrodes	114	(1)
Carbon-Paste Electrodes	115	(1)
Carbon-Fiber Electrodes	115	(2)
Metal Electrodes	117	(1)
Chemically Modified Electrodes	118	(1)
Self-Assembled Monolayers	118	(2)
Sol-Gel Encapsulation of Reactive Species	120	(1)
Electrocatalytic Modified Electrodes	121	(1)
Preconcentrating Electrodes	121	(2)
Permselective Coatings	123	(1)
Conducting Polymers	124	(4)
Microelectrodes	128	(1)
Diffusion at Microelectrodes	129	(1)
Configuration of Microelectrodes	130	(1)
Composite Electrodes	131	(4)
References	135	(3)
Examples	138	(1)
Questions	138	(2)
Potentiometry	140	(31)
Principles of Potentiometric Measurements	140	(7)
Ion-Selective Electrodes	147	(14)
Glass Electrodes	147	(1)
pH Electrodes	147	(4)
Glass Electrodes for Other Cations	151	(1)
Liquid-Membrane Electrodes	152	(1)
Ion-Exchanger Electrodes	152	(2)
Neutral Carrier Electrodes	154	(2)
Solid-State Electrodes	156	(4)
Coated-Wire Electrodes	160	(1)
On-Line and In-Vivo Potentiometric Measurements	161	(10)
References	165	(2)
Examples	167	(2)
Questions	169	(2)
Electrochemical Sensors	171	(34)
Electrochemical Biosensors	171	(17)
Enzyme-Based Electrodes	172	(1)
Impractical and Theoretical Considerations	172	(4)
Enzyme Electrodes of Analytical Significance	176	(1)
Glucose Sensors	176	(2)
Ethanol Electrodes	178	(3)
Urea Electrodes	181	(1)
Toxin (Enzyme Inhibition) Biosensors	181	(1)
Tissue and Bacteria Electrodes	182	(1)
Affinity Biosensors	183	(1)
Immunosensors	183	(2)
DNA Hybridization Biosensors	185	(1)
Receptor-Based Sensors	186	(2)
Gas Sensors	188	(3)
Carbon Dioxide Sensors	189	(1)
Oxygen Electrodes	190	(1)
Solid-State Devices	191	(6)
Microfabrication of Solid-State Sensor Assemblies	193	(1)
Microfabrication Techniques	193	(4)
Sensor Arrays	197	(8)
References	198	(3)
Examples	201	(1)
Questions	202	(3)
Index	205