Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology | p. 1 |
Descriptive Terms Useful in the Study of Anatomy | p. 3 |
Microscopic Anatomy: Animal Cells and Tissues | p. 4 |
The General Plan of the Animal Body | p. 11 |
Anatomy and Physiology of the Cell | p. 14 |
Properties of Life | p. 15 |
Chemical Composition of the Cell | p. 16 |
Microscopic Study of the Cell | p. 21 |
The Cell Membrane | p. 24 |
Transport Across Cell Membranes | p. 27 |
Membrane Potentials and Excitable Cells | p. 32 |
Membrane Receptors and Intracellular Signaling | p. 33 |
Cytoplasm and Cytoplasmic Organelles | p. 35 |
Nucleus | p. 38 |
Cell Division | p. 44 |
Regulation of Cell Growth and Replication | p. 46 |
Embryology | p. 47 |
Development of Germ Layers | p. 47 |
Neurulation | p. 49 |
Differentiation of Other Tissues | p. 49 |
The Skeletal System | p. 54 |
Functions of Bones | p. 54 |
Terminology | p. 57 |
Classification of Bones According to Gross Appearance | p. 59 |
Axial Skeleton | p. 59 |
Appendicular Skeleton | p. 65 |
Microscopic Anatomy and Growth and Development of Bone | p. 72 |
Microscopic Anatomy and Formation of Bone | p. 72 |
Ossification | p. 73 |
Physiology of Bone | p. 76 |
Fractures and Fracture Healing | p. 77 |
Other Pathologic Conditions | p. 79 |
Joints | p. 81 |
Classification of Joints | p. 81 |
Movements of Joints | p. 84 |
Types of Synovial Joints | p. 85 |
Joints of the Axial Skeleton | p. 85 |
Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton | p. 86 |
Pathology of Joints and Related Structures | p. 91 |
Anatomy of the Muscular System | p. 94 |
Types of Muscle Tissue | p. 94 |
Functions of the Muscular System | p. 95 |
Skeletal Muscle Organization | p. 95 |
Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | p. 101 |
Muscles of the Pelvic Limb | p. 107 |
Muscles of the Head | p. 110 |
Muscles of the Trunk and Neck | p. 111 |
Microscopic Anatomy and Physiology of Muscle | p. 115 |
Skeletal Muscle | p. 115 |
Smooth Muscle | p. 125 |
Cardiac Muscle | p. 129 |
Anatomy of the Nervous System | p. 130 |
Microscopic Neuroanatomy | p. 131 |
Embryology | p. 133 |
Central Nervous System | p. 136 |
Peripheral Nervous System | p. 143 |
Autonomic Nervous System | p. 147 |
Enteric Nervous System | p. 151 |
Physiology of the Nervous System | p. 153 |
Physiology of the Nerve Impulse | p. 153 |
Synaptic Transmission | p. 154 |
Neurotransmitters | p. 156 |
Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle | p. 157 |
Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System | p. 161 |
Regeneration and Repair in the Nervous System | p. 163 |
Sense Organs | p. 165 |
Sensory Receptors | p. 166 |
Somatosensation | p. 167 |
Visceral Sensations | p. 169 |
Chemical Senses | p. 169 |
Hearing and Balance | p. 171 |
Vision | p. 178 |
Endocrinology | p. 185 |
Hormones and Their Receptors | p. 186 |
Cellular Effects of Peptide Hormones | p. 189 |
Cellular Effects of Steroid and Thyroid Hormones | p. 190 |
Negative and Positive Feedback Regulation | p. 190 |
Hypothalamopituitary Axis | p. 191 |
Hormones of the Neurohypophysis | p. 192 |
Hormones of the Adenohypophysis | p. 193 |
Other Endocrine Glands | p. 198 |
The Integument | p. 201 |
Integument | p. 201 |
Skin | p. 201 |
Adnexa of the Skin | p. 204 |
Modified Epidermis | p. 206 |
Coat Color in Horses | p. 211 |
Wool | p. 212 |
Anatomy and Physiology of the Foot of the Horse | p. 214 |
Structure of the Foot | p. 215 |
Function | p. 225 |
Blood and Other Body Fluids | p. 233 |
Blood | p. 233 |
Plasma and Serum | p. 241 |
Blood pH | p. 241 |
Hemostasis and Coagulation | p. 241 |
Lymph | p. 245 |
Serous Fluids | p. 245 |
Body Defenses and the Immune System | p. 246 |
Introduction | p. 246 |
Nonspecific Defenses | p. 247 |
Specific Immune Response | p. 248 |
B Lymphocytes | p. 249 |
Immunoglobins | p. 249 |
T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity | p. 251 |
Lymphocyte Orgin, Development and Residence | p. 252 |
Active and Passive Immunities | p. 253 |
Immunological Surveillance | p. 253 |
Lymphatic System | p. 253 |
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System | p. 258 |
Heart | p. 258 |
Vessels | p. 260 |
Pulmonary Circulation | p. 264 |
Systemic Circulation | p. 264 |
Veins | p. 270 |
Physiology of the Heart and Circulation | p. 275 |
Basic Design and Function of the Cardiovascular System | p. 275 |
Cardiac Cycle | p. 277 |
Electrical Activity of the Heart | p. 279 |
Cardiac Output and Its Regulation | p. 281 |
Structure and Function of Blood Vessels | p. 282 |
Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure and Blood Volume | p. 285 |
Cardiovascular Function During Exercise and Hypovolemia | p. 287 |
The Respiratory System | p. 289 |
Upper Respiratory Tract | p. 289 |
Thorax | p. 296 |
Physiology of Respiration | p. 299 |
Anatomy of the Digestive System | p. 306 |
Organization of the Digestive System | p. 306 |
Mouth | p. 308 |
Pharynx | p. 312 |
Esophagus | p. 313 |
Nonruminant Stomach | p. 315 |
Ruminant Stomach | p. 318 |
Small Intestine | p. 320 |
Large Intestine | p. 321 |
Peritoneal Features | p. 325 |
Accessory Digestive Organs | p. 325 |
Physiology of Digestion | p. 329 |
Pregastric Physiology | p. 331 |
Ruminant Forestomach | p. 333 |
Gastric Physiology | p. 335 |
Physiology of the Small Intestine, Exocrine Pancreas, and Liver | p. 336 |
Physiology of the Cecum and Colon | p. 341 |
Rectum and Defecation | p. 341 |
Nutrition and Metabolism | p. 343 |
Nutrition | p. 343 |
Metabolism | p. 344 |
The Urinary System | p. 350 |
Anatomy of the Kidney | p. 350 |
Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra | p. 354 |
Micturition | p. 355 |
Overview of Function and Histology of the Kidneys | p. 350 |
Glomermular Filtration | p. 357 |
Proximal Tubule Transport | p. 359 |
Concentration and Dilution of Urine: Role of Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct Transport | p. 359 |
Sodium, Potassium, and Aldosterone | p. 364 |
Urine Acidification | p. 364 |
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance | p. 365 |
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System | p. 367 |
Testis | p. 367 |
Epididymis | p. 369 |
Ductus Deferens | p. 370 |
Scrotum | p. 370 |
Inguinal Canal | p. 372 |
Descent of the Testis | p. 372 |
Castration | p. 374 |
Accessory Sex Glands | p. 375 |
Penis | p. 376 |
Prepuce | p. 378 |
Muscles of the Male Genitalia | p. 378 |
Blood and Nerve Supply of the Male Genitalia | p. 379 |
Physiology of Male Reproduction | p. 380 |
Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis | p. 380 |
Epididymis | p. 384 |
Semen and Semen Technology | p. 384 |
Hormones of Male Reproduction | p. 385 |
Erection and Ejaculation | p. 356 |
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System | p. 387 |
Ovaries | p. 387 |
Uterine Tubes | p. 390 |
Uterus | p. 390 |
Vagina | p. 393 |
Vestibule and Vulva | p. 393 |
Blood and Nerve Supply of the Female Reproductive Tract | p. 394 |
The Ovary and Estrous Cycles | p. 395 |
Oogenesis | p. 395 |
Ovulation | p. 399 |
Corpus Luteum | p. 400 |
Phases of the Estrous Cycle | p. 401 |
Specifics of Selected Estrous Cycles | p. 402 |
Pregnancy and Parturition | p. 405 |
Fertilization | p. 405 |
Implantation and Placentation | p. 408 |
Hormones of Pregnancy | p. 410 |
Pregnancy Diagnosis | p. 411 |
Parturition | p. 412 |
Fetal Presentations and Delivery | p. 413 |
Dystocia | p. 414 |
Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammary Glands | p. 415 |
Mammary Glands of the Cow | p. 416 |
Microscopic Anatomy of the Mammary Gland | p. 420 |
Mammary Glands of Swine | p. 421 |
Mammary Glands of Sheep and Goats | p. 421 |
Mammary Glands of the Horse | p. 421 |
Physiology of Lactation | p. 421 |
Abbreviations | p. 428 |
Table of the Organs | p. 432 |
Bibliography | p. 451 |
Index | p. 453 |
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