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Preface | p. xi |
The Author | p. xiii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Developing Areas of Interest | p. 5 |
References | p. 7 |
Hemopoiesis, Blood Cell Types, and Bone Marrow Examination | p. 9 |
Hemopoiesis | p. 9 |
Bone Marrow Stroma | p. 11 |
Erythrocytes | p. 12 |
Leukocytes | p. 13 |
Lymphocytes | p. 14 |
Platelets | p. 15 |
Plasma | p. 16 |
Monocyte-Macrophage System (or Reticuloendothelial System) | p. 16 |
Bone Marrow Examinations | p. 17 |
Bone Marrow Smear Preparation | p. 17 |
Flow Cytometric Examination of Bone Marrow Aspirates | p. 18 |
In Vitro Techniques | p. 18 |
Toxic Effects | p. 19 |
References | p. 20 |
Erythrocytes, Anemias, and Polycythemias | p. 23 |
Erythrocyte Morphology Terminology | p. 24 |
Erythrokinetics | p. 26 |
Species Characteristics | p. 27 |
Mouse | p. 27 |
Rat | p. 28 |
Beagle Dog | p. 28 |
Rabbit | p. 28 |
Hamster | p. 28 |
Guinea Pig | p. 28 |
Ferret | p. 28 |
Nonhuman Primates | p. 28 |
Marmosets | p. 28 |
Cat | p. 28 |
Erythrocytic Functions | p. 29 |
Derivatives of Hemoglobin | p. 29 |
Anemia | p. 30 |
Pseudoanemia | p. 37 |
Response to and Recovery from Anemia | p. 37 |
Secondary Anemia | p. 37 |
Polycythemia | p. 38 |
General Comments | p. 38 |
References | p. 39 |
Additional Erythrocytic Measurements | p. 43 |
Osmotic Fragility | p. 43 |
In Vitro Hemolysis | p. 44 |
Plasma Hemoglobin | p. 45 |
Plasma Haptoglobin | p. 45 |
Hematuria | p. 45 |
Fecal Occult Blood | p. 46 |
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) | p. 46 |
Antiglobulin or Coombs Test | p. 46 |
Plasma Lactate Dehydrogenase | p. 47 |
Glutathione | p. 47 |
Erythropoietin (EPO) | p. 47 |
Oxygen Dissociation Curves | p. 47 |
Porphyrins | p. 48 |
Hemorrheology | p. 49 |
Glycated Hemoglobin | p. 49 |
Micronucleus Tests | p. 49 |
References | p. 50 |
Iron, Associated Proteins, and Vitamins | p. 55 |
Iron Metabolism | p. 55 |
Transferrin | p. 56 |
Ferritin | p. 57 |
Cobalamin (Vitamin B[subscript 12]) | p. 57 |
Folate | p. 57 |
Analytical Methods | p. 58 |
Iron | p. 58 |
Transferrin and Ferritin | p. 58 |
Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) | p. 59 |
Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity (UIBC) | p. 59 |
Analyses of Cobalamin and Folate | p. 59 |
Potential Markers | p. 59 |
Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR) | p. 59 |
Additional Reticulocyte Indices | p. 60 |
Toxic Effects | p. 60 |
Iron | p. 60 |
Cobalamin and Folate | p. 61 |
References | p. 61 |
Leukocytes | p. 65 |
Abbreviations | p. 65 |
LUCs | p. 65 |
Granulocytes | p. 65 |
Leukocyte Morphology Terminology | p. 66 |
Leukocyte Kinetics | p. 67 |
Species Characteristics | p. 68 |
Dog | p. 69 |
Rabbit | p. 69 |
Guinea Pig | p. 71 |
Hamster | p. 71 |
Nonhuman Primates | p. 72 |
Mouse | p. 72 |
Rat | p. 72 |
Functions of Leukocytes | p. 72 |
Neutrophils | p. 74 |
Lymphocytes | p. 75 |
Toxic Effects on Leukocytes | p. 76 |
Neutrophils | p. 76 |
Lymphocytes | p. 78 |
Monocytes | p. 78 |
Basophils | p. 79 |
Eosinophils | p. 79 |
Neoplasias | p. 79 |
Leukemias | p. 80 |
Myelodysplasia (MDS) | p. 81 |
Other Tests Applied to Leukocytes | p. 82 |
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase | p. 82 |
Myeloperoxidase | p. 82 |
Phospholipidosis | p. 82 |
References | p. 82 |
Immunotoxicology | p. 85 |
Components of the Immune System | p. 85 |
T and B Lymphocytes | p. 85 |
Other Cells | p. 87 |
Soluble Mediators | p. 87 |
Immune Responses | p. 90 |
Hypersensitivity and Allergy | p. 90 |
Autoimmunity | p. 91 |
Assays | p. 91 |
Flow Cytometry and Antibodies | p. 92 |
Antibodies | p. 92 |
T and B Lymphocytes | p. 92 |
T-Cell-Dependent Antibody Response (TDAR) Assays | p. 93 |
Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) Assay | p. 93 |
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Assays | p. 93 |
NK Cells | p. 93 |
NK Cell Cytotoxic Function | p. 94 |
Phagocytic Activity and Oxidative Burst Activity of Monocytes and Granulocytes | p. 94 |
Plasma Globulins | p. 94 |
Immunoglobulin Measurements | p. 94 |
Direct Immunoglobulin and Antibodies for Erythrocytes, Neutrophils, and Platelets | p. 95 |
Complement System | p. 95 |
Cytokines | p. 95 |
Host Resistance and Hypersensitivity Studies | p. 95 |
Immunotoxicity | p. 95 |
Strategies for Immunotoxicity Testing | p. 97 |
References | p. 99 |
Hemostasis | p. 107 |
Analytical Methods | p. 111 |
Platelets | p. 111 |
Mean Platelet Volume | p. 112 |
Coagulation Cascade | p. 113 |
Prothrombin Time (PT) | p. 113 |
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) | p. 114 |
Bleeding Time (BT) | p. 114 |
Whole Blood Clotting Time (WBCT) | p. 114 |
Activated Clotting Time (ACT) | p. 114 |
Thrombin Time (TT) | p. 114 |
Fibrinogen | p. 115 |
Platelet Function Tests | p. 115 |
Other Factor Assays | p. 116 |
Toxic Effects on Platelets and Coagulation | p. 117 |
Effects on the Coagulation Pathways | p. 119 |
Other Coagulation Factor Measurements | p. 120 |
References | p. 120 |
Preanalytical Variables | p. 125 |
Animals: Species, Strain, Age, and Gender | p. 125 |
Strain Difference | p. 125 |
Age-Related Changes | p. 126 |
Gender | p. 126 |
Blood Collection | p. 127 |
Volume and Frequency | p. 127 |
Anticoagulants | p. 127 |
Sample Storage | p. 128 |
Blood Collection Procedures | p. 128 |
Stress, Environment, and Transportation | p. 130 |
Nutrition and Fluid Balance | p. 131 |
Chronobiological Effects | p. 131 |
Summary | p. 132 |
References | p. 132 |
Analytical Variables and Biosafety | p. 139 |
Blood Films (Smears) | p. 142 |
Heinz Bodies | p. 143 |
Reticulocytes | p. 143 |
Methemoglobin and Sulfhemoglobin Measurements | p. 143 |
Coagulation | p. 144 |
Platelet Aggregation Studies | p. 144 |
Chromogenic Factor Assays | p. 144 |
General Method Principles | p. 144 |
Linearity | p. 145 |
Calibration and Quality Control Materials | p. 146 |
ELISA Methods | p. 147 |
Maintenance | p. 147 |
Biohazards and Chemical Safety | p. 147 |
References | p. 148 |
Data Processing and Interpretation | p. 153 |
Data Definitions and Security | p. 153 |
Repeated Analyses on the Same Sample | p. 154 |
Intra- and Inter-Individual Variations | p. 154 |
Critical Differences | p. 155 |
Reference Values | p. 156 |
Data Distributions | p. 156 |
Statistical Methods | p. 157 |
Control Groups | p. 158 |
Statistical Analyses | p. 159 |
Sensitivity and Specificity | p. 161 |
Extrapolation of Animal Data to Humans | p. 162 |
References | p. 163 |
References for Laboratory Animal Hematology Data | p. 167 |
SI Units and Conversions | p. 173 |
Expectable Ranges | p. 175 |
General Abbreviations | p. 187 |
Some Common Biochemical Abbreviations | p. 191 |
p. 193 | |
Compounds Causing Reductions and Destruction of Erythrocytes | p. 193 |
Compounds Causing Reductions of Neutrophil Numbers | p. 195 |
Compounds Affecting Numbers, Function, and Aggregation of Platelets | p. 196 |
Leukocyte-Cluster of Differentiation | p. 197 |
Index | p. 201 |
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The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.