Applied Behavior Analysis

by Cooper, John O.; Heron, Timothy E.; Heward, William L.

• ISBN13: 9780131421134
• ISBN10: 0131421131
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-12-29
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Applied Behavior Analysis provides a complete description of the principles and procedures needed to systematically change socially significant behavior and to understand the reasons for that change. This comprehensive text, appropriate for courses in basic principles, applications, and behavioral research methods, helps students, educators, and practitioners appreciate and begin to acquire the conceptual and technical skills necessary to foster socially adaptive behavior in diverse individuals. The second edition includes: bull; bull; More than 1,000 citations to primary-source literature, including both classic and contemporary studies bull; A glossary of more than 250 technical terms and concepts bull; More than 100 graphs displaying original data from peer-reviewed research, often accompanied by detailed descriptions of the procedures used to collect the data represented bull; Five new chapters written by leading scholars in behavior analysis: Negative Reinforcement (Brian Iwata and Richard Smith), Motivating Operations (Jack Michael), Functional Behavior Assessment (Nancy Neef and Stephanie Peterson), Verbal Behavior (Mark Sundberg), and Ethical Considerations for Applied Behavior Analysts (Jose Martinez-Diaz, Tom Freeman, and Matthew Normand) bull; The Behavior Analyst Certification Board reg; BCBA reg; and BCABA reg; Behavior Analyst Task List, Third Edition, specifying the minimum content all behavior analysts should master, is listed on the inside front and back covers. A chart at the beginning of each chapter identifies which items from the Task List are covered in that chapter, and an appendix lists the page numbers where the concepts, principles, or procedures related to each item appear on the Task List.

Table of Contents

I

Definition and Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis

Some Basic Characteristics of Science

Defining Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis

A Brief Outline of the Development of Applied Behavior Analysis

Definition of Applied Behavior Analysis

Summary

Basic Concepts

Behavior

Environment

Respondent Behavior and Respondent Conditioning

Operant Behavior and Operant Conditioning

Basic Principles and Applied Procedures

Kinds of Stimuli That Reinforce and Punish

The Three-Term Contingency

The Complexity of Human Behavior

Obstacles to Control of Behavior in Applied Settings

Summary

Selection, Definition, and Measurement of Behavior Change Target

Selecting and Defining Target Behavior

Role of Assessment in Applied Behavior Analysis

Methods and Issues in Gathering Behavioral Assessment Data

Considerations in Selecting a Target Behavior

Prioritizing Possible Target Behaviors

Defining the Target Behavior

Setting Criteria for Behavior Change

Summary

Measuring and Recording Behavior

Direct Measurement of Permanent Products

Direct Observation Recording

Reporting Data Collected

Summary

Planning and Directing Observational Procedures

Scheduling Continuous and Sample Observations

Selecting Times for Observation

Establishing the Duration of Observation Sessions

Planning Sampling Procedures

Observation Codes

Interobserver Agreement

Establishing Interobserver Agreement

Considerations in Using Interobserver Agreement

Sources of Influence on the Agreement and Accuracy of Measurement

Summary

Evaluation and Analysis of Behavior Change

Production and Interpretation of Graphic Data Displays

Benefits of Graphic Display of Behavioral Data

Line Graphs

Other Types of Graphs Used in Applied Behavior Analysis

How to Construct Graphs

How to Interpret Graphs

Summary

Introduction to Analysis

The Scientific Examination of Behavior: Some Basic Conceptions and Assumptions

Components of Experimental Design

Baseline Data

Baseline Logic

Summary

Reversal and Alternating Treatments Design

Reversal Designs

Alternating Treatment Design

Summary

Multiple Baseline and Changing Criterion Designs

Multiple Baseline Design

Changing Criterion Design

Summary

Planning, Replicating, and Evaluating Research in Applied Behavior Analysis

Planning Research in Applied Behavior Analysis

Internal Validity: Controlling Potential Sources of Confounding in an Experimental Design

External Validity: The Role of Replication in Applied Behavior Analysis

Evaluating Research in Applied Behavior

Analysis

Summary

Increasing Existing Behavior

Operant Reinforcement

The Role of Genetic Inheritance

Definition of Operant Reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement

Types of Potential Reinforcers

Selecting Potential Reinforcers

Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Reinforcement

Guidelines for Using Reinforcement

Summary.12. Schedules of Reinforcement

Use of Continuous and Intermittent Reinforcement

Basic Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement

Ratio Schedules

Interval Schedules

Complex Schedules of Reinforcement

Adjunctive Behavior

Summary

Stimulus Control

Stimulus Control

Antecedent Stimuli

Stimulus Generalization

Development of Stimulus Control with Differential Reinforcement

Concept Formation

Factors Affecting the Development of Stimulus Control

Response and Stimulus Prompts

Transfer of Stimulus Control

Discriminative and Motivational Functions of Stimuli

Summary

Developing New Behavior

Behavioral ShapingDefinition and Illustration of Behavior Shaping

Behavioral Shaping Across and Within Different Response Topographies

Increasing the Efficiency of Behavioral Shaping

Guidelines for Selecting and Implementing Behavioral Shaping

Summary

Behavioral Chai

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