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9780534626587

Applying Ethics A Text with Readings (with InfoTrac)

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  • ISBN13:

    9780534626587

  • ISBN10:

    0534626580

  • Edition: 8th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2004-05-04
  • Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Part I: MORAL REASONING. 1. Moral Reasons. Moral Reasoning. Individual Morality and Social Morality. Ethical Relativism. Principles of Individual Morality. Principles of Social Morality. Summary and Conclusions. Readings: Moral Virtue, Aristotle. Respect for Persons, Immanuel Kant. Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill. The Need For More than Justice, Annette C. Baier. 2. Good Reasoning. Arguments. Evaluating Moral Arguments. Summary and Conclusions. Part II: ISSUES. 3. Sexual Morality. The Traditional View. The Libertarian View. Treating Sex Differently. Arguments for Sexual Libertarianism. Arguments against Sexual Libertarianism. Readings: Sexual Morality, Roger Scruton. Plain Sex, Alan H. Goldman. Why Homosexuality is Abnormal, Michael Levin. Homosexuality and Nature, Timothy F. Murphy. Case Presentations: Deception or Joke? AIDS Education. Lawrence v. Texas: Private Rights and Public Morality. Marriage and Civil Unions. 4. Abortion. Biological Background. The Moral Problem. The Ontological Status of the Fetus. The Moral Status of the Fetus. Pro-Life Arguments (against Abortion). Pro-Choice Arguments (for Abortion). Readings: An Almost Absolute Value in History, John T. Noonan. A Defense of Abortion, Judith Jarvis Thomson. On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, Mary Ann Warren. Virtue Theory and Abortion, Rosalind Hurthouse. Case Presentations: Mrs. Sherri Finkbine and the Thalidomide Tragedy. Conceived in Violence, Born In Hate. Death in Pensacola. The Fight for Martina Greywind''s Baby. 5. Euthanasia. Personhood. Death. Ordinary vs. Extraordinary Treatment. Killing vs. Allowing to Die. Meaning of Euthanasia: Narrow vs. Broad Interpretations. Voluntary vs. Non-voluntary Euthanasia. Assisted Suicide. The Right to Refuse Treatment. Defective Newborns. Arguments for Voluntary (Active) Euthanasia. Arguments against Voluntary (Active) Euthanasia. Readings: The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia, J. Gay-Williams. Active and Passive Euthanasia, James Rachels. Euthanasia, Philippa Foot. A Moral Principle About Killing, Richard Brandt. Case Presentations: I Did It Because I Loved My Son. Myrna is DeadDesolation. A Choice Central to Personal Dignity. Legalized Assisted Suicide and Decriminalized Euthanasia. 6. Human Cloning. How Cloning Works: A Brief History. Why Clone Humans? Moral and Legal Issues. Arguments against Human Cloning. Arguments for Human Cloning. Readings: The Wisdom of Repugnance, Leon R. Kass. Moral Status of Cloning Humans, Michael Tooley. Genetic Encores: The Ethics of Human Cloning, Robert Wachbroit. The Constitution and the Clone, Cass R. Sunstein. Case Presentations: Recommendations of The President''s Council on Bioethics on Human Cloning and Human Dignity, Clonaid. A Birth to Save a Life. Therapeutic Human Cloning in Britain. 7. Capital Punishment. The Nature and Definition of Punishment. The Moral Acceptability of Punishment. Aims of Punishment. Retentionist and Abolitionist Defined. Capital Punishment as Deterrent. Abolitionist Arguments (against Capital Punishment). Retentionist Arguments (for Capital Punishment). Readings: Humane Punishment: The Death Penalty, J.S. Mill. The Death Sentence, Sidney Hook. On Deterrence and the Death Penalty, Ernest Van Den Haag. Capital Punishment and Social Defense, Hugh Adam Bedau. Case Presentations: J.D. Autry: Death in Texas. Karla Faye Tucker: The Pickax Murderer. A Failed Experiment? Warren McClesky. 8. Terrorism and Civil Liberties. Just War Theory. Pre-emptive Wars. Violence and Terrorism. Jihadism. Pacifism. Civil Liberties. Readings: Just War and Human Rights, David Luban. Realism, Just War, and Feminism in a Nuclear Age, Jean Bethke Elshtain. Violence, terrorism, and justice, R.G. Frey and Christopher W. Morris. Enemy Aliens, David Cole. Case Presentations: Pre-emptive War. Driving While Veiled. Feeling Safe. Racial Profiling Before and After 9/11. 9. Welfare and Social Justice. Transfer Payments. Does Welfare Work? Why Have Welfare? Distributive Justice. Equality, Need,

Table of Contents

Preface vii
PART 1 Moral Reasoning
Moral Reasons
3(44)
Moral Reasoning
4(1)
Individual Morality and Social Morality
5(1)
Ethical Relativism
5(2)
Principles of Individual Morality
7(7)
Principles of Social Morality
14(9)
Summary and Conclusions
23(1)
Moral Virtue
24(7)
Aristotle
Respect for Persons
31(3)
Immanuel Kant
Utilitarianism
34(5)
John Stuart Mill
The Need for More Than Justice
39(8)
Annette C. Baier
Good Reasoning
47(22)
Arguments
48(5)
Evaluating Moral Arguments
53(12)
Summary and Conclusions
65(4)
PART 2 Issues
Sexual Morality
69(48)
The Traditional View
70(1)
The Libertarian View
71(1)
Treating Sex Differently
72(4)
Arguments for Sexual Libertarianism
76(1)
Arguments against Sexual Libertarianism
77(2)
Sexual Morality
79(7)
Roger Scruton
Plain Sex
86(10)
Alan H. Goldman
Why Homosexuality Is Abnormal
96(6)
Michael Levin
Homosexuality and Nature
102(8)
Timothy F. Murphy
Case Presentations
Deception or Joke?
110(1)
AIDS Education
111(1)
Marriage and Civil Unions
112(2)
Lawrence v. Texas: Private Rights and Public Morality
114(3)
Abortion
117(48)
Biological Background
119(2)
The Moral Problem
121(1)
The Ontological Status of the Fetus
121(2)
The Moral Status of the Fetus
123(2)
Pro-Life Arguments (against Abortion)
125(2)
Pro-Choice Arguments (for Abortion)
127(1)
An Almost Absolute Value in History
128(5)
John T. Noonan
A Defense of Abortion
133(11)
Judith Jarvis Thomson
On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion
144(10)
Mary Anne Warren
Virtue Theory and Abortion
154(7)
Rosalind Hursthouse
Case Presentations
Mrs. Sherri Finkbine and the Thalidomide Tragedy
161(1)
Conceived in Violence, Born in Hate
162(1)
Death in Pensacola
163(1)
The Fight for Martina Greywind's Baby
164(1)
Euthanasia
165(48)
Personhood
166(1)
Death
167(2)
Ordinary vs. Extraordinary Treatment
169(1)
Killing vs. Allowing to Die
170(1)
Meaning of Euthanasia: Narrow vs. Broad Interpretations
171(1)
Voluntary vs. Nonvoluntary Euthanasia
172(2)
Assisted Suicide
174(1)
The Right to Refuse Treatment
175(1)
Defective Newborns
175(2)
Arguments for Voluntary (Active) Euthanasia
177(1)
Arguments against Voluntary (Active) Euthanasia
178(2)
The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia
180(3)
J. Gay-Williams
Active and Passive Euthanasia
183(4)
James Rachels
Euthanasia
187(15)
Philippa Foot
A Moral Principle about Killing
202(6)
Richard Brandt
Case Presentations
``I Did It Because I Loved My Son''
208(1)
``Myrna is Dead. Desolation''
208(2)
``A Choice Central to Personal Dignity''
210(1)
Legalized Assisted Suicide and Decriminalized Euthanasia
211(2)
Human Cloning
213(50)
How Cloning Works: A Brief History
214(2)
Why Clone Humans?
216(1)
Moral and Legal Issues
217(2)
Arguments against Human Cloning
219(1)
Arguments for Human Cloning
220(1)
The Wisdom of Repugnance
221(12)
Leon R. Kass
Moral Status of Cloning Humans
233(11)
Michael Tooley
Genetic Encores: The Ethics of Human Cloning
244(6)
Robert Wachbroit
The Constitution and the Clone
250(7)
Cass R. Sunstein
Case Presentations
Recommendations of the President's Council on Bioethics
257(3)
Clonaid
260(1)
A Birth to Save a Life
261(1)
Therapeutic Human Cloning in Britain
262(1)
Capital Punishment
263(40)
The Nature and Definition of Punishment
265(1)
The Moral Acceptability of Punishment
266(1)
Aims of Punishment
267(1)
Retentionist and Abolitionist Defined
268(1)
Capital Punishment as Deterrent
269(1)
Abolitionist Arguments (against Capital Punishment)
270(2)
Retentionist Arguments (for Capital Punishment)
272(1)
Speech in Favor of Capital Punishment
273(5)
John Stuart Mill
The Death Sentence
278(4)
Sidney Hook
On Deterrence and the Death Penalty
282(8)
Ernest Van Den Haag
Capital Punishment and Social Defense
290(8)
Hugo Adam Bedau
Case Presentations
J. D. Autry: Death in Texas
298(1)
Karla Faye Tucker: The Pickax Murderer
299(1)
A Failed Experiment?
300(1)
Warren McClesky
301(2)
Terrorism and Civil Liberties
303(54)
Just War Theory
304(2)
Preemptive Wars
306(1)
Violence and Terrorism
306(1)
Jihadism
307(1)
Pacifism
308(1)
Civil Liberties
309(1)
Arguments for Trading Civil Liberties for Safety
310(2)
Arguments against Trading Civil Liberties for Safety
312(1)
Just War and Human Rights
313(10)
David Luban
Reflections on War and Political Discourse: Realism, Just War, and Feminism in a Nuclear Age
323(8)
Jean Bethke Elshtain
Violence, Terrorism, and Justice
331(6)
R. G. Frey
Christopher W. Morris
Enemy Aliens
337(13)
David Cole
Case Presentations
Preemptive War
350(2)
Driving While Veiled
352(2)
Fear of Flying
354(1)
Racial Profiling before and after 9/11
355(2)
Welfare and Social Justice
357(47)
Transfer Payments
358(1)
Does Welfare Work?
359(1)
Why Have Welfare?
360(1)
Distributive Justice
361(1)
Equality, Need, and Merit
362(2)
Libertarianism, Welfare Liberalism, and Socialism
364(1)
Arguments for Welfare
365(2)
Arguments against Welfare
367(1)
What Libertarianism Is
368(7)
John Hospers
The Right to Eat and the Duty to Work
375(9)
Trudy Govier
Radical Egalitarianism
384(9)
Kai Nielsen
Choosing a Future
393(6)
Charles Murray
Case Presentations
Marta Green
399(2)
The Poorest Place in America
401(1)
Welfare as We've Begun to Know It
401(1)
The Women of Project Match
402(2)
Discrimination
404(41)
Discrimination: Its Nature and Forms
407(1)
Evidence of Discrimination
408(4)
Affirmative Action: Preferential Treatment?
412(4)
Arguments against Affirmative Action
416(1)
Arguments for Affirmative Action
417(2)
The Justification of Reverse Discrimination
419(8)
Tom L. Beauchamp
A Defense of Programs of Preferential Treatment
427(4)
Richard Wasserstrom
Reverse Discrimination and Compensatory Justice
431(5)
William T. Blackstone
Reverse Discrimination as Unjustified
436(4)
Lisa Newton
Case Presentations
Brian Weber
440(1)
Piscataway v. Taxman
441(1)
Proposition 209
442(1)
Grutter v. Bollinger: Taking Race into Account
443(2)
Animal Rights
445(47)
What Do We Owe Nonhuman Animals?
446(2)
Animal Rights
448(1)
What's Wrong with Speciesism?
449(2)
Arguments for Equal Treatment of Animals
451(2)
Arguments against Equal Treatment of Animals
453(2)
All Animals Are Equal . . . or Why Supporters of Liberation for Blacks and Women Should Support Animal Liberation Too
455(11)
Peter Singer
The Case for Animal Rights
466(8)
Tom Regan
Do Animals Have Rights?
474(7)
Tibor R. Machan
Speciesism and the Idea of Equality
481(7)
Bonnie Steinbock
Case Presentations
Putting Her to Sleep
488(1)
Animal Liberators
489(1)
Religious Sacrifice
490(1)
A Himalayan Snow Leopard of One's Own
491(1)
Environmental Ethics
492(45)
Environmental Problems
493(2)
The Moral Issue
495(3)
Why Environmental Ethics?
498(1)
Arguments for an Environmental Ethic
499(1)
Arguments against an Environmental Ethic
500(1)
The Land Ethic
501(10)
Aldo Leopold
The Ethics of Respect for Nature
511(11)
Paul W. Taylor
People or Penguins
522(4)
William F. Baxter
An Ecocentric Environmental Ethic
526(6)
J. Baird Callicott
Case Presentations
A Metaphor for the Energy Debate
532(1)
The Spotted Owl
533(1)
Environmental Resistence: The Chipko Movement and the Earth Liberation Front
534(2)
The Wildlands Project
536(1)
Afterword
537(1)
Glossary
538(10)
Appendices
How to Write a Philosophy Paper
542(2)
Plagiarism: What It Is, Why It's Wrong, and How to Avoid It
544(2)
How to Do Research and Citation on the Web
546(2)
Index 548

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