Archaeology

by Thomas, David Hurst; Kelly, Robert L.

• ISBN13: 9780155058996
• ISBN10: 0155058991
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-03
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This new edition by David Hurst Thomas and Robert L. Kelly pairs two of archaeology's most recognized names--with a combined 70 years of experience--for the first time. David Hurst Thomas of the American Museum of Natural History and Robert L. Kelly of the University of Wyoming bring readers a textbook rich with examples drawn from their experiences leading excavations over the past thirty years. A major revision, this fourth edition of ARCHAEOLOGY reflects the most recent research and changes in the field, while covering the core concepts in an exceptionally student-friendly fashion. This edition continues a tradition of academic rigor and engaging writing style that have made this text one of the most well-respected and best-selling texts in the discipline. The new edition is enhanced with full-color photos and a completely new design. The rich array of supplemental resources includes a new companion website, as well as the option to use a new CD-ROM, DOING FIELDWORK: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATIONS developed by the authors.

Table of Contents

Meet Some Real Archaeologists	1	(23)
Preview	2	(1)
Introduction	2	(3)
Who Was ``Kennewick Man''?	2	(1)
Who Controls Human Remains?	3	(1)
Kennewick and American Archaeology	3	(1)
Looking Closer: American Indian or Native American?	4	(1)
The Western World Discovers Its Past	5	(3)
Archaeology and Society	5	(1)
Looking Closer: Ad/Bc/Bp . . . Archaeology's Alphabet Soup	6	(1)
The Discovery of Deep Time	7	(1)
Archaeology and Native Americans	8	(1)
Founders of Americanist Archaeology	8	(7)
C. B. Moore: A Genteel Antiquarian	9	(1)
Nels Nelson: America's First-Generation ``Working'' Archaeologist	10	(1)
A. V. ``Ted'' Kidder: Founder of Anthropological Archaeology	11	(1)
In His Own Words: The Pan-Scientific Approach to Archaeology by A. V. Kidder	12	(1)
James A. Ford: A Master of Time	13	(1)
In His Own Words: The Goals of Archaeology by James A. Ford	14	(1)
Americanist Archaeology at Mid-Twentieth Century	14	(1)
Revolution in Archaeology: An Advancing Science	15	(4)
Walter W. Taylor: Moses in the Wilderness	15	(2)
Lewis R. Binford: Visionary with a Message	17	(1)
In His Own Words: The Challenge of Archaeology by Lewis R. Binford	18	(1)
Archaeology in the Twenty-First Century	19	(3)
Kathleen A. Deagan: Archaeology Comes of Age	19	(2)
In Her Own Words: The Potential of Historical Archaeology by Kathleen Deagan	21	(1)
Conclusion: Archaeology's Future	22	(2)
Summary	22	(1)
Additional Reading	22	(1)
Online Resources	23	(1)
Archaeology, Anthropology, Science, and the Humanities	24	(26)
Preview	25	(1)
Introduction	25	(1)
So, What's an Anthropological Approach?	26	(2)
Kinds of Anthropologists	26	(2)
The Culture Concept in Anthropology	28	(5)
What Is Culture?	28	(1)
How Do Anthropologists Study Culture?	29	(1)
An Example: The Kwakwak'awakw Potlatch	30	(1)
Looking Closer: Who Are We? by Gloria Cranmer Webster	31	(2)
Scientific and Humanistic Approaches in Archaeology	33	(15)
What's a Scientific Approach?	33	(1)
How Science Explains Things: The Moundbuilder Myth	34	(3)
Archaeological Ethics: Does Archaeology Put Native Americans on Trial?	37	(3)
The Scientific Method	40	(3)
What's a Humanistic Approach?	43	(1)
Looking Closer: Sioux or Dakota?	44	(2)
In Her Own Words: What This Awl Means by Janet Spector	46	(2)
Conclusion: Scientist or Humanist?	48	(2)
Summary	48	(1)
Additional Reading	49	(1)
Online Resources	49	(1)
The Structure of Archaeological Inquiry	50	(27)
Preview	51	(1)
Introduction	51	(1)
Levels of Theory	52	(4)
What Are Data?	52	(1)
Low-Level Theory	53	(1)
Middle-Level Theory	54	(1)
High-Level Theory	55	(1)
Paradigms	56	(1)
Paradigms in Archaeology	56	(9)
Cultural Materialism	57	(2)
Processual Archaeology: Materialism at Work in Archaeology	59	(1)
Postmodernism	60	(1)
Archaeological Ethics: Excavating the Dead of World War I	61	(3)
Postprocessual Archaeology: Postmodernism at Work in Archaeology	64	(1)
Is Postmodernism All That New?	65	(5)
Adolph Bandelier: Scientific Humanist or Humanistic Scientist?	66	(1)
Looking Closer: Anasazi or Ancestral Pueblo?	66	(3)
In His Own Words: Bringing Tyuonyi's Past Alive by Adolph Bandelier	69	(1)
Archaeology Today	70	(1)
Processual-Plus	71	(1)
The Structure of Archaeological Inquiry	71	(4)
Profile of an Archaeologist: Michelle Hegmon	72	(2)
Testing Ideas	74	(1)
Reconstructing the Past	75	(1)
Conclusion: Processualist or Postprocessualist?	75	(2)
Summary	76	(1)
Additional Reading	76	(1)
Online Resources	76	(1)
Doing Fieldwork: Surveying for Archaeological Sites	77	(30)
Preview	78	(1)
Introduction	78	(1)
Good Old Gumshoe Survey	78	(2)
Searching for Gatecliff	79	(1)
Looking Closer: How Do Archaeological Sites Get Their Names?	80	(1)
Archaeology Is More than Just Digging Sites	80	(3)
The Fallacy of the ``Typical'' Site	81	(2)
Looking Closer: The Surveyor's Toolkit	83	(1)
Surface Archaeology in the Carson Desert	83	(8)
Some Sampling Considerations	85	(2)
Getting the Sample	87	(1)
Doing the Work	88	(1)
What We Learned	89	(1)
Looking Closer: Archaeological Survey in the Carson Desert	90	(1)
Does Sampling Actually Work? The Chaco Experiment	91	(2)
Quality Control in Surface Survey	93	(3)
So, What's a Site?	94	(2)
What about Things That Lie below Ground?	96	(5)
Shovel-Testing	97	(1)
How to Find a Lost Spanish Mission (Part I)	98	(1)
Archaeological Ethics: Professional and Avocational Archaeologists by Hester A. Davis	99	(2)
GPS Technology and Modern Surveys	101	(1)
Full-Coverage Survey	101	(3)
The Valley of Oaxaca Archaeological Survey	101	(1)
What's Outside Monte Alban?	102	(1)
The Case for Full-Coverage Survey	103	(1)
The Special Case of Cultural Resource Management	104	(1)
Conclusion	104	(3)
Summary	105	(1)
Additional Reading	105	(1)
Online Resources	106	(1)
Doing Fieldwork: Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems	107	(21)
Preview	108	(1)
Introduction	108	(1)
Remote Sensing: Data at a Distance	109	(3)
High Altitude Imagery	109	(2)
Looking Closer: Remote Sensing Imagery: Other Ways of Seeing	111	(1)
How to Find a Lost Spanish Mission (Part II)	112	(4)
The Proton Magnetometer	113	(1)
Soil Resistivity	114	(1)
Ground-Penetrating Radar	115	(1)
Ceren: The New World Pompeii?	116	(2)
The Potential and Limitations of Noninvasive Archaeology	118	(1)
Geographic Information Systems	119	(6)
Archaeological Ethics: Remote Sensing the Sacred	120	(1)
The Predictive Capacity of GIS: The Aberdeen Proving Ground	121	(1)
Landscape Archaeology	122	(3)
Conclusion: The Future of Remote Sensing and GIS	125	(3)
Summary	126	(1)
Additional Reading	126	(1)
Online Resources	127	(1)
Doing Fieldwork: Why Archaeologists Dig Square Holes	128	(23)
Preview	129	(1)
Introduction	129	(3)
The Folsom Site and Humanity's Antiquity in North America	130	(2)
Excavation: What Determines Preservation?	132	(4)
The Duck Decoys of Lovelock Cave	132	(1)
The Houses of Ozette	133	(1)
The Ice Man of the Alps	133	(1)
The Preservation Equation	134	(1)
Looking Closer: The Excavator's Toolkit	135	(1)
Principles of Archaeological Excavation	136	(3)
Test Excavations	136	(1)
Expanding the Test Excavation	137	(1)
How Archaeologists Dig	138	(1)
Expanding Gatecliff's Excavation	139	(1)
Precision Excavation	139	(4)
Archaeological Ethics: The Curation Crisis: What Happens to All That Stuff after the Excavation?	142	(1)
Is That All There Is to It?	143	(1)
Sifting the Evidence	143	(4)
Water-Screening and Matrix-Sorting	144	(1)
Flotation	145	(2)
Cataloging the Finds	147	(1)
Conclusion: Archaeology's Conservation Ethic: Dig Only What You Must	147	(4)
Profile of an Archaeologist: An African Archaeologist by Chapurukha Kusimba	148	(1)
Summary	149	(1)
Additional Reading	150	(1)
Online Resources	150	(1)
Geoarchaeology and Site Formation Processes	151	(24)
Preview	152	(1)
Introduction	152	(1)
The Law of Superposition	153	(3)
Fossil Footprints at Laetoli: The Law of Superposition in Action	153	(3)
Reading Gatecliff's Dirt	156	(6)
Gatecliff's Stratigraphy	156	(1)
Looking Closer: What Happened to the Laetoli Footprints?	157	(1)
Marker Beds	158	(2)
Gatecliff as a Geologic Deposit	160	(2)
Is Stratigraphy Really That Easy?	162	(3)
Reverse Stratigraphy at Chetro Ketl	162	(2)
In Her Own Words: Fieldwork 1920s-Style at Chetro Ketl by Florence Hawley Ellis	164	(1)
Site Formation Processes: How Good Sites Go Bad	165	(8)
Formation Processes in the Systemic Context	165	(2)
Formation Processes in the Archaeological Context	167	(2)
An Ancient Living Floor at Cagny-l'Epinette?	169	(1)
Archaeological Ethics: Should Antiquities Be Returned to the Country of Origin?	170	(3)
Conclusion	173	(2)
Summary	173	(1)
Additional Reading	174	(1)
Online Resources	174	(1)
Chronology Building: How to Get a Date	175	(31)
Preview	176	(1)
Introduction	176	(1)
Relative Dating	176	(5)
The Index Fossil Concept in Archaeology	177	(2)
The Next Step: Seriation	179	(2)
Absolute Dating	181	(16)
Tree-Ring Dating	181	(3)
Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology's Workhorse	184	(4)
Accelerator Dating: Taking Radiocarbon to the Limit	188	(1)
Looking Closer: How to Calibrate Radiocarbon Dates	189	(1)
Trapped Charge Dating	190	(1)
Looking Closer: Is the Shroud of Turin the Burial Cloth of Christ?	191	(4)
Potassium-Argon and Argon-Argon	195	(2)
What Do Dates Mean?	197	(2)
How Old Are the Pyramids?	197	(2)
The Check, Please	199	(1)
Dating in Historical Archaeology	199	(5)
Archaeological Ethics: What's Wrong with Buying Antiquities? (Part I)	200	(1)
Pipe Stem Dating	201	(1)
Terminus Post Quem Dating	202	(1)
Mean Ceramic Dates	202	(2)
Conclusion	204	(2)
Summary	204	(1)
Additional Reading	205	(1)
Online Resources	205	(1)
The Dimensions of Archaeology: Time, Space, and Form	206	(27)
Preview	207	(1)
Introduction	207	(2)
Looking Closer: Preserving the Hunley	208	(1)
After the Excavation: Conservation and Cataloging	209	(1)
Archaeological Classification	210	(11)
Types of Types	211	(2)
Projectile Point Typology at Gatecliff	213	(3)
Looking Closer: The Frison Effect	216	(2)
Gatecliff Projectile Points as Temporal Types	218	(3)
Space-Time Systematics	221	(6)
Archaeological Cultures: Dividing Space	221	(1)
Profile of an Archaeologist: A Cultural Resource Management Archaeologist by William Doelle	222	(1)
Periods: Dividing Time	223	(2)
Phases: Combining Space and Time	225	(1)
Phases: The Basic Units of Space-Time Systematics	226	(1)
Conclusion: Space-Time Systematics and Archaeological Objectives	227	(6)
Archaeological Ethics: What's Wrong with Buying Antiquities? (Part II)	228	(3)
Summary	231	(1)
Additional Reading	231	(1)
Online Resources	232	(1)
Taphonomy, Experimental Archaeology, and Ethnoarchaeology	233	(32)
Preview	234	(1)
Introduction	234	(1)
Middle-Range Research: What Is It?	235	(6)
Some Bones of Contention	235	(1)
Analogy versus Middle-Range Theory	236	(4)
Archaeological Ethics: The Ethics of Doing Ethnoarchaeology	240	(1)
Taphonomy	241	(4)
Taphonomy at the Hudson-Meng Bison Bonebed	242	(2)
Taphonomy and Uniformitarianism	244	(1)
Experimental Archaeology	245	(10)
Looking Closer: What Happened to Ishi?	246	(1)
How Were Stone Tools Made?	246	(3)
Experimental Archaeology and Uniformitarianism	249	(1)
Looking Closer: Obsidian Blade Technology: Modern Surgery's Newest Ancient Frontier	250	(2)
What Were Stone Tools Used For?	252	(3)
Ethnoarchaeology	255	(8)
Binford Takes Off for Points North	255	(1)
In His Own Words: Why I Began Doing Ethnoarchaeology by Lewis R. Binford	256	(1)
Ethnoarchaeology in Madagascar	256	(2)
Looking Closer: Doing Ethnoarchaeology in Madagascar by Robert Kelly	258	(2)
Ethnoarchaeology and Uniformitarianism	260	(3)
Conclusion	263	(2)
Summary	263	(1)
Additional Reading	264	(1)
Online Resources	264	(1)
People, Plants, and Animals in the Past	265	(31)
Preview	266	(1)
Introduction	266	(1)
What's an Archaeofauna?	266	(12)
The Agate Basin Site	267	(6)
The Zooarchaeology of a Peruvian Civilization	273	(1)
Looking Closer: What Did Sixteenth-Century Colonists Eat in Spanish Florida?	274	(4)
Studying Plant Remains from Archaeological Sites	278	(12)
Palynology	279	(3)
Looking Closer: Palynology of Shanidar Cave: Why Formation Processes Matter	282	(1)
What Plants Did People Eat in the Stillwater Marsh?	283	(2)
Wood Rat Nests	285	(2)
Coprolites of Hidden Cave	287	(1)
Archaeological Ethics: Are Archaeologists Responsible for Media Reports?	288	(1)
Lipid Analysis: Squeezing Fat from Ceramics	289	(1)
The Symbolic Meaning of Plants: The Upper Mantaro Valley Project	290	(4)
What Explains Wood Use?	292	(1)
Relating Ideology to the Past	293	(1)
Conclusion	294	(2)
Summary	294	(1)
Additional Reading	295	(1)
Online Resources	295	(1)
Bioarchaeological Approaches to the Past	296	(26)
Preview	297	(1)
Introduction	297	(2)
Looking Closer: Native Americans and the Stillwater Burials	298	(1)
Skeletal Analysis: The Basics	299	(2)
Determining Sex	300	(1)
Determining Age	300	(1)
How Well Did the Stillwater People Live?	301	(6)
Looking Closer: Bushmen, !Kung, San, Basarwa, Ju/'hoansi	302	(1)
Disease and Trauma at Stillwater	303	(1)
Growth Arrest Features	303	(1)
Workload	304	(2)
Paleodemography	306	(1)
Stature	307	(1)
Reconstructing Diet from Human Bone	307	(4)
Cavities	307	(1)
Profile of an Archaeologist: A Native American Archaeologist by Dorothy Lippert	308	(1)
Bone and Stable Isotopes	308	(3)
Lives of Affluence? or Nasty, Brutish, and Short?	311	(1)
Archaeology and DNA: Tracing Human Migrations	311	(9)
Archaeological Ethics: Should We Excavate and Analyze Human Remains?	312	(1)
A Little Background on DNA	313	(1)
Prospecting for Ancient DNA	313	(1)
An African Eve?	314	(1)
Skulls and DNA: Tracking the First Americans	315	(2)
Looking Closer: Tracking Native Americans' Ancestors through Historical Linguistics	317	(3)
Conclusion	320	(2)
Summary	320	(1)
Additional Reading	321	(1)
Online Resources	321	(1)
Reconstructing Social and Political Systems of the Past	322	(31)
Preview	323	(1)
Introduction	323	(2)
Social Vocabulary	323	(1)
From Artifact to Symbol	324	(1)
Archaeology and Gender	325	(6)
Hunting in Africa's Rain Forest	327	(1)
Reconstructing Male and Female Activities from Archaeology	328	(3)
Archaeology and Kinship	331	(7)
Forms of Kinship	332	(2)
Do Descent Systems Appear Archaeologically?	334	(1)
Looking for Matrilineal Descent	335	(1)
Kinship at Chaco Canyon	335	(1)
Looking Closer: Did People Share Food at Pincevent?	336	(2)
Archaeology and Social Status	338	(8)
Egalitarian Societies	339	(1)
Ranked Societies	339	(1)
Death and Social Status	339	(1)
Rank and Status at Moundville	339	(5)
Kinship at Moundville	344	(1)
Archaeological Ethics: Development and Archaeology	344	(2)
Trade and Political Organization	346	(5)
Tracing Exotics	346	(5)
Conclusion	351	(2)
Summary	351	(1)
Additional Reading	352	(1)
Online Resources	352	(1)
The Archaeology of the Mind	353	(24)
Preview	354	(1)
Introduction	354	(1)
What's a Symbol?	355	(3)
Looking Closer: Food Taboos in the Near East	356	(2)
The Peace Pipe as Ritual Weapon	358	(2)
Exploring Ancient Chavin Cosmology	360	(6)
Animal Symbolism in Chavin Iconography	361	(1)
Where Did Chavin Cosmology Come From?	362	(1)
The Role of Cosmology in Andean Civilization	363	(1)
Archaeological Ethics: What Role Do Oral Traditions Play in Archaeology?	364	(2)
Blueprints for an Archaeology of the Mind	366	(1)
Upper Paleolithic Cave Art	366	(9)
Art or Magic?	368	(2)
Shamanism?	370	(1)
The Cave of Lascaux	371	(1)
Looking Closer: The Discovery of Lascaux	372	(3)
Conclusion	375	(2)
Summary	375	(1)
Additional Reading	376	(1)
Online Resources	376	(1)
Understanding Key Transitions in World Prehistory	377	(31)
Preview	378	(1)
Introduction	378	(1)
Evolutionary Studies	379	(6)
Unilineal Cultural Evolution	379	(2)
How ``Evolution'' Became a Dirty Word	381	(1)
The Return of Evolution	382	(3)
Why Were Plants Domesticated?	385	(9)
The Unilineal Paradigm: Childe and Braidwood	385	(1)
The Materialist Paradigm: Population Pressure	386	(2)
Looking Closer: Hunter-Gatherers as Optimal Foragers	388	(2)
A Social Perspective	390	(1)
The Origins of Agriculture in the Near East	390	(2)
Archaeological Ethics: Who Should Control and Own Sacred Sites?	392	(1)
Comparing the Paradigms	392	(2)
Why Did the Archaic State Arise?	394	(12)
The Irrigation Hypothesis	395	(1)
The Warfare and Circumscription Hypothesis	396	(1)
A Multicausal Theory	397	(2)
The Role of Ideology in State Formation	399	(1)
The Maya: A Case Study in State Formation	400	(4)
Looking Closer: How the Maya Reckoned Time	404	(1)
So, What Explains the Origin of the Maya State?	405	(1)
Conclusion	406	(2)
Summary	406	(1)
Additional Reading	407	(1)
Online Resources	407	(1)
Historical Archaeology: Insights on American History	408	(27)
Preview	409	(1)
Introduction	409	(1)
Why Do Historical Archaeology?	410	(1)
Historical Archaeology: Just a ``Handmaiden to History''?	410	(4)
Historical Archaeology Comes of Age	411	(1)
Characteristics of Historical Archaeology	412	(1)
Themes in Historical Archaeology	412	(1)
In Her Own Words: Why Are So Few African-Americans Doing African-American Archaeology? by Theresa A. Singleton	413	(1)
Hidden History: The Archaeology of African Americans	414	(8)
Slave Archaeology at Monticello	414	(3)
Beyond Plantation Archaeology: New York City's African Burial Ground	417	(3)
In His Own Words: Balancing Interests at the African Burial Ground by Michael L. Blakey	420	(1)
Beyond Slavery	421	(1)
Looking Closer: Fort Mose: Colonial America's Black Fortress of Freedom	422	(1)
Correcting Inaccuracies	422	(5)
What Happened at the Battle of the Little Bighorn?	422	(2)
An Archaeological Perspective on the Battle	424	(2)
Archaeological Ethics: Archaeology and the Values of Descendant Communities	426	(1)
Re-Examining America's History	427	(5)
Historical Archaeology in Annapolis	427	(4)
Taking Critical Theory Public	431	(1)
Conclusion: Historical Archaeology's Future	432	(3)
Summary	433	(1)
Additional Reading	434	(1)
Online Resources	434	(1)
Caring for America's Cultural Heritage	435	(29)
Preview	436	(1)
Introduction	436	(1)
The Development of Cultural Resource Management	437	(5)
Early Efforts to Preserve America's Heritage	437	(1)
Profile of an Archaeologist: A Federal Archaeologist by Terry Fifield	438	(1)
The Antiquities Act of 1906	439	(2)
The River Basin Surveys	441	(1)
Historic Preservation Comes of Age	442	(1)
The National Historic Preservation Act	442	(4)
Archaeological Ethics: The Preservation Dilemma: Should We Not Dig at All?	443	(1)
Section 110: The Government Must Inventory Lands	444	(1)
Section 106: The Government Must Consider the Effects of Its Actions on Historic Properties	444	(1)
The National Register and Archaeological Significance	445	(1)
Compliance Archaeology	446	(1)
The Archaeological Resources Protection Act	446	(4)
Looking Closer: Help Find Moundville's Stolen Ceramics	447	(1)
What about State and Private Land?	448	(1)
Looking Closer: ARPA and Elephant Mountain Cave	449	(1)
Challenges Facing CRM Archaeology	450	(3)
Significance: Yours or Mine?	450	(1)
What Happens to All the Data?	451	(1)
The Need for Professional Standards	451	(1)
In Their Own Words: Contrasting Views of ``Significance'' at Zuni Pueblo by Roger Anyon and T. J. Ferguson	452	(1)
CRM and Education	453	(1)
International Efforts to Protect Cultural Resources	453	(2)
Looking Closer: What Courses Prepare You for a Career in Archaeology?	454	(1)
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990	455	(6)
Looking Closer: Archaeology and War	456	(1)
Human Remains Discovered after NAGPRA	457	(1)
Native Americans and Cultural Affiliation	458	(1)
Is Kennewick Native American?	459	(1)
Can Kennewick Be Culturally Affiliated with Modern Tribes?	460	(1)
What Does NAGPRA Mean by ``Identity''?	461	(1)
Conclusion	461	(3)
Summary	462	(1)
Additional Reading	462	(1)
Online Resources	463	(1)
Archaeology's Future	464	(29)
Preview	465	(1)
Introduction	465	(1)
Archaeological Science: Pure or Applied?	466	(1)
The Garbage Project	467	(3)
How Do Archaeologists Collect Trash?	467	(1)
The Archaeology of Us	468	(1)
Myths about America's Landfills	468	(2)
Forensic Archaeology	470	(6)
Archaeologists as Crime Busters	470	(1)
The Archaeology of Mass Disasters	471	(1)
In Her Own Words: The Journey of a Forensic Anthropologist by Clea Koff	472	(2)
Archaeology and the World Trade Center	474	(1)
In His Own Words: Disaster Archaeology by Richard A. Gould	474	(2)
Rediscovering Ancient Technology	476	(1)
Public Education	477	(5)
In Her Own Words: Zooarchaeology and Biological Conservation by Virginia Butler	478	(2)
Refighting the Battle of the Alamo	480	(1)
Looking Closer: Hispanic, Latino, Chicano, or Anglo?	481	(1)
Who Has the Authority to Study the Past?	482	(6)
A Spiritual Site: The Bighorn Medicine Wheel	482	(2)
Who Owns the Past?	484	(1)
In His Own Words: Archaeological Sites or Sacred Places? A Native American Perspective by William Tallbull	485	(2)
Why We Do Archaeology Affects How We Do Archaeology	487	(1)
Seeking Common Ground	488	(2)
Digging Kodiak: Native American Archaeologists at Work	488	(1)
Looking Closer: Inuit, Eskimo, Yup'ik, Inupiaq?	488	(2)
Conclusion	490	(3)
Summary	491	(1)
Additional Reading	491	(1)
Online Resources	492	(1)
Glossary	493	(14)
Bibliography	507	(38)
Photo Credits	545	(2)
Index	547