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9780205010479

Art in Renaissance Italy

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780205010479

  • ISBN10:

    0205010474

  • Edition: 4th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2011-06-29
  • Publisher: Pearson

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Summary

KEY BENEFIT: A glance at the pages of Art in Renaissance Italyshows at once its freshness and breadth of approach, which includes thorough explanation into how and why works of art, buildings, prints, and other forms of visual production came to be. The authors also discuss how men and women of the Renaissance regarded art and artists, why works of Renaissance art look the way they do, and what this means to us. Unlike other books on the subject, this one covers not only Florence and Rome, but also Venice and the Veneto, Assisi, Siena, Milan, Pavia, Padua, Mantua, Verona, Ferrara, Urbino, and Naples ;each governed in a distinctly different manner, every one with individual, political, and social structures that inevitably affected artistic styles. Spanning more than three centuries, the narrative brings to life the rich tapestry of Italian Renaissance society and the art that is its enduring legacy. Throughout, special features, including textual sources from the period and descriptions of social rituals, evoke and document the people and places of this dynamic age. The book covers the art and artists of Italy during the Renaissance ;Florence, Rome, Milan, Venice, Naples and other regions, from the 13ththrough the 16thcenturies. For Renaissance art enthusiasts and others interested in the art of Italy's Renaissance.

Author Biography

John T. Paoletti is Kenan Professor of the Humanities, Emeritus and Professor of Art History, Emeritus at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. He has published widely on the patronage of the Medici family in Florence and on Michelangelo. He has also written on art since 1945. He was formerly editor of The Art Bulletin of the College Art Association.

 

Gary M. Radke is a renaissance specialist and Dean’s Professor of the Humanities at Syracuse University and a Fellow of the American Academy in Rome. He has published on 13th-century Italian architecture, 15th-century sculpture, and the patronage of nuns in Renaissance Venice.

 

 

Table of Contents

IN THIS SECTION:

1.) BRIEF
2.) COMPREHENSIVE

 


BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS:

 

Preface 10

 

Introduction:     Art in Context 12

 

Part I: The Late Thirteenth and the Fourteenth Century 46

 

Chapter 1     The Origins of the Renaissance 48 

Chapter 2     Rome: Artists, Popes, and Cardinals 56 

Chapter 3     Assisi and Padua: Narrative Realism 67 

Chapter 4     Florence: Traditions and Innovations 78 

Chapter 5     Siena: City of the Virgin 99 

Chapter 6     Naples: Art for a Royal Kingdom 122 

Chapter 7     Venice: The Most Serene Republic 136

Chapter 8     Pisa and Florence: Social Upheaval 153 

Chapter 9     Visconti Milan and Carrara Padua 174

 

Part II: The Fifteenth Century 200

 

Chapter 10     Florence: Commune and Guild 202 

Chapter 11     Florence: The Medici and Political Propaganda 249 

Chapter 12     Rome: Re-establishing Papal Power 286 

Chapter 13    Venice: Affirming the Past and Present 311 

Chapter 14    Courtly Art: The Gothic and Classic 333 

Chapter 15     Sforza Milan: Ducal Splendor 362

 

Part III: The First Half of the Sixteenth Century 384

 

Chapter 16     Florence: The Renewed Republic 386 

Chapter 17     Rome: Julius II, Leo X, and Clement VII 396 

Chapter 18     Florence: Mannerism and the Medici 424 

Chapter 19     Mantua, Parma, and Genoa: The Arts at Court 439 

Chapter 20     Venice: Vision and Monumentality 451

 

Part IV: The Later Sixteenth Century 486

 

Chapter 21     The Rome of Paul III 488 

Chapter 22     Northern Italy: Reform and Innovation 501 

Chapter 23     Florence under Cosimo I 517 

Chapter 24     Rome: A European Capital City 531

 

Genealogies 548

List of Popes 553

List of Venetian Doges 553

Time Chart 554

Glossary 556

Bibliography 558

Literary Credits, Picture Credits 566

Index 567

 

COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS:

 

Preface 10

 

Introduction:     Art in Context 12

Contemporary Scene: Art and Offerings 14

Patronage 16

Artists’ Workshops 17

The Image of the Artist 17

Contemporary Voice: An Artist’s Life 18

Workshop Training 20

Contracts 21

Materials and Methods 22

The Painting Studio 22

Wall Painting 22

Tempera and Oil Painting 24

Mosaic and Stained Glass 26

The Sculpture Workshop 27

Contemporary Voice: Terms of Employment 27

Bronze Sculpture 31

Drawings 32

Architecture 33

Other Workshops 34

Print Media 35

Renovations and Restorations 35

Historiography and Methodology 41

Vasari’s Three Ages 41

Contemporary Voice: Fashioning the Female Artist 42

Naming the Renaissance 43

 

Part I: The Late Thirteenth and the Fourteenth Century 46

 

Chapter 1     The Origins of the Renaissance 48

St. Francis and the Beginnings of Renaissance Art 48

Francis of Assisi 49

Contemporary Voice: Francis as Another Christ 50

The San Damiano Crucifix: Christus triumphans 50

Christus patiens 50

Defining St. Francis 52

St. Clare 53

Style and Meaning 53

Urban Contexts 55

Types of Cities 55

 

Chapter 2     Rome: Artists, Popes, and Cardinals 56

Rome’s Revival under Nicholas III 57

The Sancta Sanctorum 58

Nicholas IV at Santa Maria Maggiore 59

Contemporary Scene: Art and Miracles 60

Patrons from the Papal Curia 62

Pope Boniface VIII and an Imperial Language of Power 64

Creating Images for an Absent Papacy 65

 

Chapter 3    Assisi and Padua: Narrative Realism 67

Frescoes in San Francesco 69

Nave Frescoes 69

Contemporary Voice: St. Francis and the Christ Child 70

Padua: The Scrovegni Chapel 72

 

Chapter 4     Florence: Traditions and Innovations 78

St. John the Baptist and the Baptistry 80

The Palazzo della Signoria and Urban Planning 81

Mendicant Churches 83

Santa Croce and Santa Maria Novella 83

Altarpieces Dedicated to the Virgin 84

Cimabue’s Altarpiece for Santa Trinita 84

Duccio’s Altarpiece for the Confraternity of the Laudesi 85

Giotto’s Ognissanti Madonna 86

Santa Croce Frescoes 86

The Bardi Chapel 87

The Peruzzi Chapel 89

The Baroncelli Chapel 90

Altarpieces for Santa Croce 93

The Santa Croce Refectory Frescoes 94

The Cathedral Complex 95

Andrea Pisano’s Baptistry Doors 96

 

Chapter 5     Siena: City of the Virgin 99

The Cathedral 100

The Pulpit 101

The Façade 102

Duccio’s Maestà 103

Contemporary Voice: The Procession of the Maestà 104

Altarpieces in the Transept Chapels 106

Later Sienese Altar Painting 109

The Palazzo Pubblico 111

Simone Martini’s Maestà for the Palazzo Pubblico 111

Lippo Memmi’s Maestà for San Gimignano 112

Contemporary Scene: Art and Popular Piety 112

Secular Imagery in the Scala del Consiglio 114

The Sala della Pace: “Good Government” 114

Siena’s Political System and Civic Art 118

Painting in the Palazzo Pubblico 118

Enhancements to the Campo 120

 

Chapter 6     Naples: Art for a Royal Kingdom 122

The Court and the Importation of Artists 122

Consolidating Angevin Rule: A Queen’s Commissions 126

Cavallini and Giotto in Naples 127

Robert of Anjou 128

The Altarpiece of St. Louis 128

Sancia of Majorca and the Church of Santa Chiara 130

Tomb Monuments and Robert the Wise 131

The Tomb of Mary of Hungary 131

The Tomb of Robert of Anjou 132

The End of the Angevin Dynasty in Naples 132

Queen Giovanna II and the Monument to King Ladislas 135

The Caracciolo Chapel 135

 

Chapter 7     Venice: The Most Serene Republic 136

St. Mark’s Basilica 138

Piazza San Marco 138

Images of the State and the Individual 140

Doge Andrea Dandolo 141

Enhancements to St. Mark’s 141

The Pala d’Oro 141

Contemporary Voice: The Image as Document 143

St. Mark’s Baptistry 143

The Choir Screen 144

The Façade 145

The Church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo 145

The Tomb of Doge Michele Morosini 146

The Doge’s Palace 146

Contemporary Scene: Art and Violence 147

Santo Stefano 147

Sculpture on the Doge’s Palace 148

Painting in the Doge’s Palace 150

 

Chapter 8     Pisa and Florence: Social Upheaval 153

The Camposanto Frescoes in Pisa 153

Santa Maria Novella in Florence 156

The Strozzi Chapel 156

The Strozzi Altarpiece 157

The Guidalotti Chapel 159

The Apotheosis of St. Thomas Aquinas 159

The Way of Salvation 161

Social Upheaval and Civic Works in Florence 163

Contemporary Voice: The Bridge of Salvation 163

Or San Michele 166

Family Commissions 168

The Legend of the True Cross 169

Frescoes at San Miniato 170

Other Civic Imagery 171

Domestic Painting 173

 

Chapter 9     Visconti Milan and Carrara Padua 174

Milan: The Visconti Court 174

Azzone Visconti and the Idea of Magnificence 176

Contemporary Voice: In Praise of Magnificence 177

Azzone Visconti’s Tomb 178

Embellishment of the City 178

The Altarpiece of the Magi 180

The Equestrian Monument of Bernabò Visconti 181

The Cansignorio della Scala Monument in Verona 182

The Castello Visconteo 183

Manuscript Illumination 183

Padua: The Carrara Court 184

Contemporary Scene: Art and Gastronomy 185

The Padua Baptistry 187

Contemporary Voice: Illustrious Men 188

Patronage at the Santo 188

The St. James (San Felice) Chapel 188

St. Anthony of Padua 189

The Oratory of St. George 190

Milan: Giangaleazzo Visconti 190

The Certosa of Pavia 191

Cathedral Architecture 191

Cathedral Sculpture 194

The International Gothic Style 194

Manuscript Illumination 195

Michelino da Besozzo 196

Secular Frescoes 197

The Last Visconti and the Durability of the

International Style 198

 

Part II: The Fifteenth Century 200

 

Chapter 10     Florence: Commune and Guild 202

Sculpture for the Cathedral Complex 202

The Competition for the Second Baptistry Doors 203

Contemporary Voice: Ghiberti versus Brunelleschi 205

Buttress Sculpture 207

Façade Sculpture 210

Or San Michele 210

Brunelleschi and Florentine Civic Architecture 215

The Foundling Hospital 215

The Dome of the Cathedral 216

Contemporary Scene: Art and Childbirth 217

Contemporary Voice: In Praise of Artists 218

Family Commissions 219

The Bartolini-Salimbeni Chapel 220

The Strozzi Chapel at Santa Trinita 223

The Quaratesi Altarpiece 223

Masaccio’s Pisa Aaltarpiece 224

Altarpieces at Mid-Century 225

Masaccio: The Brancacci Chapel and Narrative Fresco Cycles 228

The Trinity and Single-Point Perspective 232

Castagno at Sant’Apollonia 234

Excursus: The Impact of Florentine Art Outside the City 235

Ghiberti and Donatello in Siena 235

Quercia in Bologna 237

Piero della Francesca in Arezzo 238

Civic Commemoration in Florence 240

Monument to Sir John Hawkwood 240

The Cantorie 242

The Tomb of Leonardo Bruni 244

The Gates of Paradise 245

 

Chapter 11     Florence: The Medici and Political Propaganda 249

The Medici’s Civic and Domestic Commissions 250

San Lorenzo 250

The Old Sacristy 251

San Marco 254

The Medici Palace 256

Contemporary Voice: A Job Application 256

Portrait Busts 258

The Medici Chapel 259

Other Decorations 260

Excursus: Donatello in Padua 262

The Santo Altarpiece 262

The Gattamelata Monument 263

The Medici and Donatello’s Late Work 264

Donatello’s Bronze David and Judith and Holofernes 264

The San Lorenzo Pulpits 267

The Golden Age and Lorenzo the Magnificent 268

The Tomb of Piero and Giovanni de’ Medici 269

The Mercanzia Niche at Or San Michele 269

The Devotional Image 270

Family Chapels 273

The Sassetti Chapel 273

The Strozzi Chapel 275

Portraiture 276

The Architecture of Magnificence 277

The Façade of Santa Maria Novella 277

The Strozzi Palace 278

Classical Antiquity and the Golden Age 279

Antiquarianism 282

Savonarola and Reform 284

 

Chapter 12     Rome: Re-establishing Papal Power286

Martin V, Eugenius IV, and Nicholas V 286

A Cautionary Fresco 287

The Papal Basilicas 287

Santa Maria Maggiore 287

St. Peter’s 288

The Vatican Palace 290

Contemporary Voice: Ruins and Dreams 291

Pius II 292

Cardinals’ Commissions 295

Pienza 296

Paul II 297

Palazzo Venezia 297

A Roman School of Painting 298

Sixtus IV: Roma Caput Mundi 299

The Papal Family 300

The Hospital of Santo Spirito 300

Roman Churches 300

Santa Maria del Popolo 300

Sant’Agostino 302

Commemorative Monuments 302

The Cancelleria 303

The Sistine Chapel 303

Innocent VIII and Alexander VI: Power and Pleasure 306

Cardinals’ Commissions 308

The Carafa Chapel 308

Contemporary Scene: Art and the Collector 309

Michelangelo’s Pietà 310

 

Chapter 13     Venice: Affirming the Past and Present 311

Sculpture on the Doge’s Palace 311

The Palazzo Foscari 312

The Ca’ d’Oro 313

Contemporary Voice: Finishing Touches 314

The Cappella Nova 316

The Vivarini School 317

Jacopo Bellini 317

The Cappella Nova in the Late 1440s 319

Venice: Heir of East and West 320

The Arsenal 320

Religious Architecture 320

Painting 322

The Scuole and Lay Commissions 327

Commemorative State Commissions 330

 

Chapter 14     Courtly Art: The Gothic and Classic 333

Ferrara: The Este Family 333

Medals for Leonello d’Este 333

Pisanello in Verona 334

Contemporary Voice: Praise for Pisanello 335

Contemporary Scene: Art and Punishment 336

Borso d’Este 337

Borso’s Bible 337

The Palazzo Schifanoia 338

The Palazzo dei Diamanti 339

Naples: A New Aragonese Dynasty 340

Donatello and Michelozzo in Naples 340

Alfonso the Magnanimous: Military and Humanist Ruler 340

The Castello Aragonese 341

An Arch for a Humanist Ruler 343

Rimini: Sigismondo Malatesta 344

Urbino 347

Portraits 347

Altarpieces 348

The Palazzo Ducale 348

Mantua: The Gonzaga Family 351

Sant’Andrea 351

The Palazzo Ducale 352

The Sala Pisanello 352

Andrea Mantegna, Court Artist 354

Prior Experience in Padua and Verona 354

The Camera Picta 356

Male and Female Decorum 359

Contemporary Voice: Fighting for Chastity 360

 

Chapter 15     Sforza Milan: Ducal Splendor 362

The Sforzas 362

Completing Visconti Ecclesiastical Foundations 363

The Certosa 363

The Cathedral 364

Private Commissions 365

Ludovico il Moro and a Grand Classical Style 367

Santa Maria presso San Satiro 367

Santa Maria delle Grazie 367

Leonardo da Vinci 371

The Last Supper 371

Contemporary Voice: A Man of Many Talents 372

Madonna of the Rocks 373

Leonardo at Ludovico’s Court 374

Instability and Religious Fervor in the Milanese Court 375

Leonardo at Court 376

Commemorative Commissions 377

Alternatives to Leonardo 378

 

Part III: The First Half of the Sixteenth Century 384

 

Chapter 16     Florence: The Renewed Republic 386

The Republic as Patron 386

A New Civic Hero: Michelangelo’s David 387

Sculpture at the Cathedral 388

The Imagery of State 388

The St. Anne Altarpiece 389

The Battle Paintings 390

Private Patrons 392

Portraits 392

Religious Painting 394

 

Chapter 17     Rome: Julius II, Leo X, and Clement VII 396

The Imperial Style under Julius II 396

A New St. Peter’s 397

The Tomb of Julius II 398

The Sistine Ceiling 401

Contemporary Voice: Michelangelo the Poet 404

Contemporary Voice: Art and Dissent 407

The Stanza della Segnatura 409

Roman Civic Imagery 411

The Stanza d’Eliodoro 412

Portraits 413

Contemporary Voice: The Courtier as Artist 414

Leo X: Papal Luxury 415

The Stanza dell’Incendio 415

The Sistine Tapestries 415

The Suburban Villa and Sybaritic Pleasure 417

Raphael and Michelangelo 421

Clement VII: The Dissolution of Papal Power 421

 

Chapter 18     Florence: Mannerism and the Medici 424

Emerging Transformations of the Classical Style 424

A New Social Order 426

Domestic and Villa Decoration 428

Altarpieces 431

Michelangelo and the Medici 433

The Medici Chapel 433

The Laurentian Library 436

 

Chapter 19     Mantua, Parma, and Genoa: The Arts at Court439

Mantua: The Pleasure Palace 439

The Loves of Jupiter 442

Parma: Elegance and Illusionism 443

Correggio at San Paolo and the Cathedral 443

Parmigianino and Self-Conscious Artifice 444

Genoa: A Princely Republic 447

Doria Portraits 447

Villa Doria 448

Genoa in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century 449

 

Chapter 20     Venice: Vision and Monumentality 451

Visual Poetry 452

Eroticism and Antiquity 453

Poetic Altarpieces 455

Energized Altarpieces 457

Tullio Lombardo: Classicism for Ecclesiastical Patrons 460

Venetian Artists Working for Alfonso d’Este 461

The Studio di Marmi 461

The Camerino d’Alabastro 462

Titian in Urbino 464

Refashioning the City Triumphant 466

The Zecca 466

The Library 467

The Loggetta 467

The Palazzo Corner 468

Titian: Images for the International Elite 468

The Vendramin Family 468

Charles V 469

Mythology and Sensuality 470

Colorito versus Disegno 470

Titian: The Artist as his Own Patron 472

Narrative Imagery in the Scuole 473

Celebrating the City in the Doge’s Palace 475

Patronage of Commercial and Ecclesiastical Projects 476

The Fabbriche Nuove 479

The Rialto Bridge 479

Palladio 480

San Giorgio Maggiore 480

The Redentore 481

Contemporary Voice: Plague in Venice 481

Villa Barbaro 482

The Villa La Rotonda 484

The Teatro Olimpico 485

 

Part IV: The Later Sixteenth Century 486

 

Chapter 21     The Rome of Paul III 488

Michelangelo’s Last Judgment 488

Contemporary Voice: A Word of Advice 489

The Deposition 493

Triumphalist History 493

Urbi et Orbi: The City 496

The Capitoline Hill 496

St. Peter’s 498

Private Commissions 499

The Villa Giulia 499

The Farnese Hours 500

 

Chapter 22     Northern Italy: Reform and Innovation 501

The Council of Trent and Decrees on the Arts 502

Reform and Censorship 503

Milan and Lombardy 503

Contemporary Voice: Veronese Before the Inquisition 504

Devotional Painting 505

Milanese Architecture 507

Bergamo, Cremona, and Bologna 509

Portraiture 510

Still-Life Painting 514

 

Chapter 23     Florence under Cosimo I 517

Portraits 517

The Chapel of Eleonora of Toledo 519

Church Reform and Local Politics 521

Art as a Symbol of the Advanced State 524

A Dynasty Supported by History and Myth 524

Contemporary Voice: Casting the Perseus 526

Restructuring Civic Space: The Uffizi 527

The Sala del Gran Consiglio 528

The Florentine Academy 529

 

Chapter 24     Rome: A European Capital City 531

New Religious Orders 531

The Gesù 531

Painting for the Gesù 533

San Stefano Rotondo 535

Sixtus V and Replanning Rome 537

Urban Monuments 539

The Obelisks 539

The Roman Columns 540

The Acqua Felice 540

Papal Basilicas 541

Santa Maria Maggiore 541

Contemporary Scene: Art, Pilgrimage, and Processions 542

The Dome of St. Peter’s 544

Women as Patrons 545

Continuity and Change 546

 

Genealogies 548

List of Popes 553

List of Venetian Doges 553

Time Chart 554

Glossary 556

Bibliography 558

Literary Credits, Picture Credits 566

Index 567

Supplemental Materials

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