Arts and Culture: An Introduction to the Humanities, Volume II

by Benton, Janetta Rebold; DiYanni, Robert

• ISBN13: 9780131899131
• ISBN10: 0131899139
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback w/CD
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For one-/two-semester courses in Introduction to Humanities and Cultural Studies. Volumes I and II contain literature selections at the end of each chapter; the Combined volume does not contain literature selections. This text is richly illustrated, beautifully designed, and engaging. It offers an exploration of Western and World civilization's cultural heritage. Students move chronologically through major periods and styles to gain insight into the achievements and ideas in painting, sculpture, architecture, literature, philosophy, religion, and music. Divided into 12 chapters, the text provides students with a historical political, economic, and social framework to contextualize these achievements within a specific time and place, from the Early Renaissance in Italy to 20th-century America. Timelines, maps, four-color and two-color illustrations, and a variety of unique "interrelationship" boxes help students make important interdisciplinary and cross-cultural connections, and help them relate the richness and meaning of the past to their own lives in the present.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Introduction	xviii
The Humanities and the Arts	xviii
Enlightenment and Revolution	xviii
The Role of the Artist	xviii
Critical Thinking and Evaluation of the Arts	xix
Form and Content Distinctions	xix
Starter Kit	xx
Commonalities	xx
Style	xx
Functions and Genres	xx
The Visual Arts	xx
Formal Analysis	xxi
Components of the Visual Arts	xxii
Sculputure	xxiii
Architecture	xxiii
Literature	xxiii
Speech, Writing, and Literature	xxiii
Literacy and Literature	xxiv
Forms of Literature	xxiv
Music	xxvi
Social and Ritual Roles	xxvi
Instruments	xxvii
Musical Qualities and Structure	xxviii
Non-Western Music	xxvii
History and Philosophy	xxviii
History	xxviii
Religion and Philosophy	xxviii
The Renaissance and Mannerism in Italy	3	(56)
The Early Renaissance	5	(17)
The Medicis' Florence	5	(1)
Cosimo de' Medici	5	(1)
Lorenzo the Magnificent	6	(1)
The Humanist Spirit	7	(1)
Box Cross Currents / Montezuma's Tenochtitlan	7	(1)
The Platonic Academy of Philosophy	8	(1)
Marsilio Ficino	8	(1)
Pico Della Mirandola	8	(1)
Architecture	8	(1)
Filippo Brunelleschi	8	(1)
Leon Battista Alberti	9	(1)
Michelozzo di Bartolommeo	10	(1)
Sculpture	11	(1)
Lorenzo Ghiberti	11	(1)
Donatello	12	(2)
Painting	14	(1)
Masaccio	14	(1)
Piero della Francesca	15	(1)
Fra Angelico	16	(2)
Sandro Botticelli	18	(1)
Early Renaissance Music	19	(1)
Guillaume Dufay	20	(1)
Motets	20	(1)
Word Painting	20	(1)
Box Connections / Mathematical Proportions: Brunelleschi and Dufay	21	(1)
Literature	21	(1)
Petrarch	21	(1)
The Petrarchan Sonnet	22	(1)
The High Renaissance	22	(15)
Painting	23	(1)
Leonardo da Vinci	23	(2)
The Reinvention of Rome	25	(1)
The New Vatican	25	(1)
Painting and Sculpture	26	(1)
Raphael	26	(1)
Michelangelo	27	(6)
Architecture	33	(1)
Donato Bramante	33	(1)
The New St. Peter's Basilica, Rome	33	(1)
Michelangelo's St. Peter's	34	(1)
Venice	34	(1)
Venetian Oil Painting	34	(1)
Giorgione and Titian	34	(1)
Music	35	(1)
Josquin des Pres	35	(1)
Palestrina	36	(1)
Literature	36	(1)
Baldassare Castiglione	36	(1)
Niccolo Machiavelli	36	(1)
Mannerism	37	(9)
Painting	38	(1)
Parmigianino	38	(1)
Bronzino	38	(1)
Tintoretto	39	(1)
El Greco	39	(1)
Sculpture	40	(1)
Benvenuto Cellini	40	(1)
The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini	41	(1)
Architecture	42	(2)
Box Then & Now / The Venice Ghetto	44	(1)
Box Cultural Impact	45	(1)
Readings	46	(13)
Pico della Mirandola, Oration on the Dignity of Man	46	(1)
Petrarch, Sonnet 159	47	(1)
Vittoria da Colonna, ``I Live on This Depraved and Lonely Cliff''	48	(1)
Baldassare Castiglione, from the Book of the Courtier	48	(3)
Niccolo Machiavelli, from The Prince	51	(3)
Benvenuto Cellini, from The Autobiography	54	(5)
The Renaissance in Northern Europe	59	(54)
The Early Renaissance in Northern Europe	61	(6)
Ghent and Bruges	61	(1)
Flemish Oil Painting	61	(1)
Robert Campin	61	(1)
Jan van Eyck	62	(2)
Hieronymus Bosch	64	(3)
The High Renaissance in Northern Europe	67	(17)
The Habsburg Patronage	67	(1)
Erasmus and Northern Humanism	67	(1)
Box Then & Now / Iconoclasm and the Attack on the Arts	68	(1)
Martin Luther and the Reformation	68	(2)
John Calvin and the Institutes of the Christian Religion	70	(1)
Box Cross Currents / Durer Describes Mexican Treasures	71	(1)
Iconoclasm	71	(1)
The Age of Discovery	72	(1)
Renaissance Explorers	72	(1)
Nicolas Copernicus	72	(1)
The New Scientists	73	(1)
Painting and Printmaking	73	(1)
Albrecht Durer	73	(2)
Hans Holbein the Younger	75	(1)
Pieter Bruegel the Elder	75	(1)
Architecture	76	(1)
Chateau of Chambord	76	(2)
Hardwick Hall	78	(1)
Secular Music	78	(1)
Thomas Weelkes	78	(1)
Thomas Morley	79	(1)
Literature	79	(1)
Michel de Montaigne	79	(1)
William Shakespeare	80	(1)
Box Connections / Shakespeare and Music	81	(2)
Box Cultural Impact	83	(1)
Readings	84	(29)
Desiderius Erasmus, from The Praise of Folly	84	(3)
Martin Luther, Ninety-Five Theses; or, Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences	87	(3)
Louise Labe, Sonnet ``Kiss Me Again, Rekiss Me, Kiss Me, More''	90	(1)
Queen Elizabeth I, Speech to the English Troops at Tilbury	90	(1)
Michel De Montaigne, Of Cannibals	90	(5)
William Shakespeare, from Hamlet	95	(9)
William Shakespeare, from Macbeth	104	(9)
The Baroque Age	113	(62)
The Baroque in Italy	114	(11)
The Counter-Reformation in Rome	115	(1)
The Oratorians	115	(1)
The Jesuits	115	(1)
Architecture and Sculpture in Rome	116	(1)
St. Peter's	116	(1)
Gianlorenzo Bernini	116	(2)
Francesco Borromini	118	(1)
Painting in Italy	118	(1)
Caravaggio	118	(3)
Artemisia Gentileschi	121	(1)
Annibale Carracci	122	(1)
Fra Andrea Pozzo	122	(2)
Music in Italy	124	(1)
Claudio Monteverdi and Early Opera	124	(1)
Antonio Vivaldi and the Concerto Grosso	124	(1)
The Baroque Outside Italy	125	(25)
Painting in Holland	125	(1)
Pieter de Hooch	125	(1)
Frans Hals	126	(5)
Box Connections / Vermeer and the Origins of Photography	131
Judith Leyster	126	(1)
Rembrandt van Rijn	126	(3)
Jan Vermeer	129	(1)
Painting in the Royal Collections	129	(1)
Peter Paul Rubens	129	(3)
Anthony van Dyck	132	(1)
Diego Velazquez	132	(1)
Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin	133	(3)
The French Academy	136	(1)
Architecture	137	(1)
The Louvre	137	(1)
The Palace of Versailles	138	(1)
St. Paul's Cathedral	138	(2)
Baroque Music Outside Italy	140	(1)
Handel and the Oratorio	140	(1)
Johann Sebastian Bach	141	(1)
Box Cross Currents / The Baroque in Mexico	142	(1)
The Science of Observation	142	(1)
Anton van Leeuwenboek	142	(1)
Johannes Kepler	142	(1)
Galileo Galilei	143	(1)
Philosophy	143	(1)
Rene Descartes	143	(1)
Thomas Hobbes	144	(1)
John Locke	145	(1)
Literature	145	(1)
Moliere and the Baroque Stage	145	(1)
Box Then & Now / The Telescope	146	(1)
John Donne	146	(1)
Anne Bradstreet	147	(1)
John Milton	147	(1)
Miguel de Cervantes	148	(1)
Box Cultural Impact	149	(1)
Readings	150	(25)
Ignatius Loyola, from The Spiritual Exercises	150	(1)
Rene Descartes, from The Meditations	150	(1)
Miguel Cervantes, Don Quixote	151	(7)
Moliere, from Tartuffe	158	(2)
John Donne, ``The Flea''	160	(1)
Anne Bradstreet, ``A Letter to Her Husband, Absent upon Public Employment''	160	(1)
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan	160	(3)
John Locke, ``Second Treatise of Civil Government''	163	(2)
John Milton, from Paradise Lost	165	(10)
The Eighteenth Century	175	(52)
Enlightenment and Revolution	176	(2)
The Enlightenment	177	(1)
The Philosophes	177	(1)
Rational Humanism	177	(1)
The Industrial Revolution	177	(1)
The Birth of the Factory	177	(1)
Adam Smith	178	(1)
The Scientific Revolution	178	(1)
Isaac Newton	178	(1)
Denis Diderot and Carolus Linnaeus	178	(1)
The Rococo	178	(9)
The French Rococo	178	(1)
Music	178	(1)
French Painting	179	(1)
Jean-Antoine Watteau	179	(1)
Francois Boucher	179	(1)
Jean-Honore Fragonard	179	(1)
Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun	180	(1)
The New Hotels	181	(2)
Box Connections / Diderot as Art Critic	183	(1)
English Painting	183	(1)
William Hogarth	183	(1)
Sir Joshua Reynolds	184	(1)
Thomas Gainsborough	185	(1)
Literature	186	(1)
Samuel Johnson ``Club''	186	(1)
Alexander Pope	186	(1)
Jonathan Swift	186	(1)
Voltaire's Philosophy of Cynicism	187	(1)
The French Revolution	187	(3)
The National Assembly	188	(1)
The Demise of the Monarchy	188	(1)
Box Then & Now / The Rights of Women	189	(1)
Napoleon Bonaparte	190	(1)
Neoclassicism	190	(10)
Painting	191	(1)
Jacques-Louis David	191	(2)
Angelica Kauffmann	193	(1)
John Singleton Copley	193	(1)
Sculpture	194	(1)
Jean-Antoine Houdon	194	(1)
Architecture	195	(1)
Chiswick House	195	(1)
La Madeleine	195	(1)
Monticello	196	(1)
Gardens	197	(1)
Literature	198	(1)
The Novel	198	(1)
Jane Austen	198	(1)
Classical Music	199	(1)
The Symphony	199	(1)
Franz Joseph Haydn	199	(1)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	200	(1)
Toward Romanticism	200	(4)
Beethoven: From Classical to Romantic	200	(1)
Box Cross Currents / Turkish Military Music and Viennese Composers	201	(1)
The Three Periods of Beethoven's Music	201	(1)
Symphony no. 5 in C minor, op. 67	201	(2)
Box Cultural Impact	203	(1)
Readings	204	(23)
Alexander Pope, from An Essay on Man	204	(2)
Jonathan Swift, from Gulliver's Travels	206	(3)
Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal	209	(3)
Voltaire, from Candide	212	(5)
Thomas Jefferson, ``Declaration of Independence''	217	(2)
``Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen''	219	(1)
Jane Austen, from Pride and Prejudice	219	(3)
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759--1797), from A Vindication of the Rights of Women	222	(5)
Romanticism and Realism	227	(46)
Romanticism	229	(21)
Painting	229	(1)
Francisco Goya	229	(2)
Theodore Gericault	231	(1)
Eugene Delacroix	232	(1)
The July Monarchy	233	(1)
Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People	234	(1)
John Constable	235	(1)
Jean-Auguste-Dominque Ingres	235	(1)
J. M. W. Turner	236	(1)
Thomas Cole	237	(1)
Box Then & Now / America's National Parks	238	(1)
Sculpture	238	(1)
Architecture	239	(1)
Philosophy	239	(1)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Concept of Self	239	(2)
Hegel and Historical Change	241	(1)
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Transcendentalism	241	(1)
Henry David Thoreau	241	(1)
Literature	241	(1)
William Blake	241	(1)
William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge	242	(1)
John Keats	242	(1)
Lord Byron	243	(1)
Emily Bronte	243	(1)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe	243	(1)
Walt Whitman	244	(1)
Emily Dickinson	244	(1)
Music	244	(1)
Program Music	245	(1)
Hector Berlioz	245	(1)
Franz Schubert and Johannes Brahms	245	(1)
Chopin and the Piano	246	(1)
Giuseppe Verdi and Grand Opera	246	(1)
Richard Wagner	246	(1)
Box Connections / Goethe and Schubert: Poetry and Song	247	(1)
Music in Russia	248	(1)
Modest Mussorgsky	249	(1)
Peter Tchaikovsky	249	(1)
Realism	250	(12)
Honore Daumier	250	(1)
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels	250	(1)
The Painters of Modern Life	250	(1)
Rosa Bonheur	250	(1)
Gustave Courbet	251	(2)
Edouard Manet	253	(1)
American Painting	254	(1)
Winslow Homer	254	(1)
Thomas Eakins	254	(1)
The Rise of Photography	255	(1)
The Daguerreotype	256	(1)
Mathew B. Brady	256	(1)
Eadweard Muybridge	256	(1)
Architecture and Sculpture	256	(1)
The Crystal Palace	257	(1)
The Statue of Liberty	257	(2)
Box Then & Now / Emerson, Thoreau, and the American Environment	259
Literature	258	(1)
Honore de Balzac	258	(1)
Gustave Flaubert	258	(1)
Emile Zola	258	(1)
Realist Writing	258	(1)
Literature	259	(1)
Fyodor Dostoyevsky	259	(1)
Leo Tolstoy	260	(1)
The New Sciences: Pasteur and Darwin	260	(1)
Box Cultural Impact	261	(1)
Readings	262	(11)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from Confessions	262	(1)
William Wordsworth, ``I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud''	263	(1)
William Blake, ``The Chimney Sweeper''	263	(1)
John Keats, ``Ode to a Nightingale''	263	(1)
Walt Whitman, from Song of Myself	264	(2)
Emily Dickinson, Five Poems	266	(1)
Charles Darwin, from The Descent of Man	267	(1)
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, from The Communist Manifesto	268	(1)
Fyodor Dostoyevsky, from The Brothers Karamazov	269	(1)
Leo Tolstoy, from Anna Karenina	270	(3)
Belle Epoque: Impressionism and Post-Impressionism	273	(38)
Impressionism	274	(7)
Painting	275	(1)
Claude Monet	275	(1)
Pierre-Auguste Renoir	276	(1)
Berthe Morisot	277	(1)
Edgar Degas	278	(1)
Mary Cassatt	278	(1)
James Abbott McNeill Whistler	279	(1)
Literature	280	(1)
The Symbolists	280	(1)
Box Connections / Debussy and Mallarme: Impressionist and Symbolist	280	(1)
Naturalism	280	(1)
Music	281	(1)
Debussy's Musical Impressionism	281	(1)
The Fin De Siecle	281	(9)
New Science and New Technologies	282	(1)
The Theory of Relativity	282	(1)
The Atom	283	(1)
Philosophy at the Turn of the Century	283	(1)
Friedrich Nietzsche	283	(1)
Sigmund Freud	283	(1)
Post-Impressionist Painting	283	(1)
Paul Cezanne	283	(1)
Georges Seurat	284	(1)
Vincent van Gogh	284	(1)
Box Then & Now / Pointillism and Television	285	(1)
Box Cross Currents / Japanese Prints and Western Painters	286	(1)
Paul Gauguin	287	(1)
New Directions in Sculpture and Architecture	288	(1)
Auguste Rodin	288	(1)
American Architecture	288	(1)
Art Nouveau	288	(2)
The Avant-Garde	290	(10)
Fauvism	291	(1)
Henri Matisse	291	(1)
Cubism	292	(1)
Pablo Picasso	293	(2)
Georges Braque	295	(1)
Futurism	295	(1)
Gino Severini	296	(1)
German Expressionism	296	(1)
Emil Nolde	296	(1)
Vassily Kandinsky	296	(2)
Music	298	(1)
Igor Stravinsky	298	(1)
The Rite of Spring	298	(1)
Box Cultural Impact	299	(1)
Readings	300	(11)
Charles Baudelaire, ``Correspondences''	300	(1)
Stephane Mallarme, ``The Afternoon of a Faun''	300	(1)
Kate Chopin, ``The Storm''	301	(1)
Henrik Ibsen, from A Doll House	302	(4)
Friedrich Nietzsche, from The Birth of Tragedy	306	(1)
Friedrich Nietzsche, from Beyond Good and Evil	307	(4)
Chinese Civilization after the Thirteenth Century	311	(14)
Later Chinese Culture	312	(10)
Literati Painting	313	(1)
Shen Zhou	313	(1)
Shitao	314	(1)
Zhu Da	314	(1)
Calligraphy	315	(1)
Architecture: City Planning	315	(2)
Box Then and Now / Hong Kong	317	(1)
Literature	317	(1)
Traditional Poetry	317	(1)
Yuan Hong-dao	318	(1)
Cao Xuequin's Dream of the Red Chamber	318	(1)
Modern Chinese Poetry	318	(1)
Music	318	(1)
Chinese Theater Music	318	(1)
Beijing Opera	319	(1)
Box Connections / Kangxi and Qianlong: Chinese Rulers, Writers, and Scholars	319	(2)
Box Cultural Impact	321	(1)
Readings	322	(3)
Yuan Hong-Dao	322	(1)
Cao Xuequin, Poems, from The Dream of the Red Chamber	322	(3)
Japanese Culture After the Fifteenth Century	325	(16)
Later Japanese Culture	327	(11)
The Shinto Revival	327	(1)
Landscape Painting	327	(1)
Sesshu	327	(1)
Hakuin Ekaku and Zen	328	(1)
Woodblock Prints	328	(1)
Utamaro Kitagawa	329	(1)
Hokusai Katsushika	329	(1)
Architecture	330	(1)
The Temple of the Golden Pavilion (Kinkakuji)	330	(1)
Himeji Castle	330	(1)
The Japanese Garden	331	(1)
Box Cross Currents / East Meets West: Takemitsu Toru	332	(1)
Literature	333	(1)
Saikaku Ihara	333	(1)
Box Then & Now / The Samurai code	333	(1)
Haiku	333	(1)
Basho Matsuo	333	(1)
Mosa Buson and Kobayashi Issa	334	(1)
Modern Fiction	334	(1)
Box Connections / Bunraku: Japanese Puppet Theater	335	(1)
Theater	335	(1)
Nob	335	(1)
Kabuki	335	(1)
Contemporary Music	336	(1)
Oe Hikari	336	(1)
Box Cultural Impact	337	(1)
Readings	338	(3)
Hakuin Ekaku, Song of Meditation	338	(1)
Saikaku Ibara, from Five Women Who Loved Love	338	(3)
The Age of Anxiety: World War I and After	341	(38)
The Great War and After	343	(15)
World War I	343	(1)
The Dada Movement	344	(1)
Marcel Duchamp	344	(1)
The Surrealists	345	(1)
Joan Miro	346	(1)
Salvador Dali	346	(1)
The De Stijl Movement	347	(1)
Piet Mondrian	347	(1)
Abstraction in Sculpture	348	(1)
Constantin Brancusi	348	(1)
Barbara Hepworth	348	(1)
Henry Moore	348	(1)
Alexander Calder	349	(1)
Isamu Noguchi	349	(2)
Box Cross Currents / Russia & The West: The Ballets Russes	351	(1)
American Modernism	351	(1)
Alfred Stieglitz	351	(1)
Georgia O'Keeffe	351	(1)
Box Connections / Graham and Noguchi: The Sculpture of Dance	352	(2)
Charles Demuth	354	(1)
Russian Film	354	(1)
Modernist Literature	354	(1)
Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot	355	(1)
James Joyce	356	(1)
Virginia Woolf	356	(1)
Ernest Hemingway	356	(1)
Box Then & Now / Robin Hood at the Movies	357	(1)
Franz Kafka	357	(1)
Modern Music	357	(1)
Arnold Schoenberg	358	(1)
Repression and Depression: The Thirties	358	(12)
Fascism in Europe	358	(1)
Benito Mussolini	358	(1)
Adolf Hitler	358	(1)
Francisco Franco	359	(1)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal	360	(1)
Photography and the FSA	361	(1)
Dorothea Lange	361	(1)
Walker Evans	361	(1)
Margaret Bourke-White	361	(1)
Regionalism in American Painting	362	(1)
Edward Hopper	362	(1)
Thomas Hart Benton	362	(1)
Jacob Lawrence	363	(1)
Southern Regionalist Writing	364	(1)
William Faulkner	364	(1)
Flannery O'Connor	365	(1)
The American Sound	365	(1)
Box Connections / Art As Politics	366	(1)
Box Cross Currents / Diego Rivera and the Detroit Murals	367
Charles Ives	365	(1)
Aaron Copland	366	(1)
George Gershwin	367	(1)
The Jazz Age	367	(1)
Scott Joplin	368	(1)
Louis Armstrong	368	(1)
Duke Ellington	368	(1)
Box Cultural Impact	369	(1)
Readings	370	(9)
T.S. Eliot, ``The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock''	370	(1)
Langston Hughes, ``I, Too, Sing America''	371	(1)
Virginia Woolf, from To the Lighthouse	371	(2)
Ernest Hemingway, ``Hills Like White Elephants''	373	(1)
James Joyce, Araby	374	(2)
William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium	376	(1)
Rainer Maria Rilke, Poems	377	(2)
Modern Africa and Latin America	379	(32)
Modern Africa	381	(15)
The Scramble for Africa and Colonial Rule	381	(1)
Varieties of Colonial Rule	382	(1)
Colonialism and Culture	383	(1)
Religion	383	(1)
Nationalism	383	(1)
Independent Africa	384	(1)
Sculpture	384	(2)
Box Cross Currents / The Mask as Dance	386	(1)
Music	386	(1)
Literature	387	(1)
Chinua Achebe	387	(1)
Wole Soyinka	387	(1)
John Maxwell Coetzee	387	(1)
Box Then & Now / Twins	388
Modern Latin America	387	(1)
Painting	388	(1)
Colonial Art	388	(1)
The Mexican Mural Movement	388	(1)
Frida Kahlo	389	(3)
Wilfredo Lam	392	(1)
Fernando Botero	392	(1)
Music	392	(1)
Box Cross Currents / Bach in Brazil	393	(1)
Literature	394	(1)
Jorge Luis Borges	394	(1)
Gabriel Garcia Marquez	394	(1)
Isabel Allende	394	(1)
Box Cultural Impact	395	(1)
Readings	396	(15)
Chinua Achebe, from Things Fall Apart	396	(1)
Jorge Luis Borges, ``The Garden of Forking Paths''	397	(4)
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, from One Hundred Years of Solitude	401	(5)
J. M. Coetzee, from Disgrace	406	(5)
The Age of Affluence: World War II and After	411	(32)
World War II and After	413	(11)
Cold War and Economic Recovery	414	(1)
The Philosophy of Existentialism	414	(1)
Jean-Paul Sartre	414	(2)
Simone de Beauvoir	416	(1)
Abstraction in American Art	416	(1)
Jackson Pollock	416	(1)
Willem de Kooning	417	(1)
Mark Rothko	417	(1)
Helen Frankenthaler	418	(1)
Contemporary Architecture	418	(1)
Box Cross Currents / Abstract Expressionism in Japan	419
Walter Gropius	418	(2)
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe	420	(1)
Le Corbusier	420	(1)
Frank Lloyd Wright	421	(1)
Modern Drama	422	(2)
Pop Culture	424	(10)
Box Then & Now / Coffee: The Bean that Wakes Up the World	424	(1)
Artists of the Everyday	424	(1)
Robert Rauschenberg	424	(1)
Louise Nevelson	425	(1)
Andy Warhol	426	(1)
Roy Lichtenstein	426	(1)
Claes Oldenburg	427	(1)
The Happening	427	(1)
Minimal and Conceptual Art	427	(1)
Box Connections / Rauschenberg, Cage, and Cunnigham	428
Donald Judd	427	(1)
Sol LeWitt	428	(1)
Bridget Riley	428	(1)
Christo and Jeanne-Claude	429	(1)
Architecture	430	(1)
Frank Gehry	430	(1)
Literature: The Beats	430	(1)
Jack Kerouac	430	(1)
Allen Ginsberg	431	(1)
The Popularization of Classical Music	432	(1)
The Boston Pops	432	(1)
Musical Theater	432	(1)
Leonard Bernstein	432	(1)
Late Modern Music	432	(1)
Rock and Roll	432	(1)
Box Cultural Impact	433	(1)
Readings	434	(9)
Jean-Paul Sartre, from Existentialism and Humanism	434	(2)
Allen Ginsberg, Howl	436	(2)
Eugene Ionesco, from The Gap	438	(3)
Wislawa Symborska, Poems	441	(2)
Diversity in Contemporary Life	443	(25)
Diversity in the United States	444	(10)
Postmodernism	444	(1)
Painting and Sculpture	445	(1)
Judy Chicago	445	(1)
Guerrilla Girls	446	(1)
Eleanor Antin	447	(1)
Susan Rothenberg	447	(1)
Betye Saar	447	(1)
Jean-Michel Basquiat	448	(1)
Judith F. Baca	448	(1)
Lisa Fifield	449	(1)
Maya Lin and the Vietnam Veterans' Memorial	449	(1)
Architecture	450	(1)
Structuralism and Deconstruction	451	(1)
The Diversity of American Voices	451	(1)
Adrienne Rich	451	(1)
Box Cross Currents / The Sculpture of Wen-Ying Tsai	452
Maxine Hong Kingston	451	(1)
Toni Morrison	452	(1)
Judith Ortiz Cofer	452	(1)
Leslie Marmon Silko	453	(1)
Oscar Hijuelos	453	(1)
N. Scott Momaday	453	(1)
Box Connections / Vaclav Havel, Playwright and Politician	453	(1)
Box Then & Now / Navigating the Web	454	(1)
The Global Village	454	(4)
Magicians of the Earth	454	(1)
The Example of Australian Aboriginal Painting	454	(3)
Box Cultural Impact	457	(1)
Readings	458	(10)
Adrienne Rich, ``XIII (Dedications)''	458	(1)
Maxine Hong Kingston, from The Woman Warrior	458	(4)
N. Scott Momaday, from The Way to Rainy Mountain	462	(2)
Leslie Silko, Yellow Woman	464	(4)
Glossary	468	(6)
Picture Credits and Further Information	474	(1)
Literature and Music Credits	475	(2)
Index	477

Excerpts

As in our First Edition ofArts and Culture,we provide in this Second Edition an introduction to the world's major civilizations--to their artistic achievements, their history, and their cultures. Through an integrated approach to the humanities,Arts and Cultureoffers an opportunity to view works of art, listen to music, and read literature in historical and cultural contexts. Works of art from different cultures reveal common human experiences of birth and death, love and loss, pleasure and pain, hope and frustration, elation and despair. Study of the humanities--literature, philosophy, history, religion, and the arts--reveals what others value and believe, inviting each of us to consider our personal, social, and cultural values in relation to those of others. In studying the humanities, we focus our attention on works of art that reflect and embody the central values and beliefs of particular cultures and specific historical moments. In our approach we consider the following questions: What kind of artwork is it? To what artistic category does it belong?These questions lead us to consider a work's type. Why was the artwork made? What was its function, purpose, or use? Who was responsible for producing it? Who paid for or commissioned it?These questions lead us to consider the context of a work. What does the work express or convey? What does it reveal about its creator? What does it reveal about its historical and social context?These questions lead us to considerations of a work's meaning. How was the artwork made or constructed?This question leads us to consider technique. What are the parts or elements of a work of art? How are these parts related to create a unified artwork?These questions lead us to considerations of formal analysis, understanding the ways the artwork satisfies aesthetically. What social, cultural, and moral values does the work express, reflect, or embody?This question leads us to consider the social, cultural, and moral values of an artwork. InArts and Culture,we highlight the individual artistic qualities of numerous works, always in view of the cultural worlds in which they were created. We discuss each work's significance in conjunction with the social attitudes and cultural values it embodies, without losing sight of its individual expression and artistic achievement. Two important questions underlie our choice of works inArts and Culture:(1) What makes a work a masterpiece of its type? (2) What qualities of a work of art enable it to be appreciated over time? These questions imply that certain qualities appeal to something fundamental and universal in all of us, no matter where or when we may live. There are the aesthetic principles and predilections that link all of us together. MAKING CONNECTIONS We believe that a study of the humanities involves more than an examination of the artistic monuments of civilizations past and present. In our view, it also involves a consideration of how forms of human achievement in many times and places echo and reinforce, alter and modify each other. An important aspect of humanities study involves seeing connections among the arts of a given culture and discovering relationships between the arts of different cultures. We have highlighted three forms of connections that are especially important: Interdisciplinary connectionsamong artworks of an individual culture Cross currentsamong artworks of different cultures Transhistorical links between past and present,then and now These forms of connection invite our readers to locate relationships among various humanities disciplines and to identify links between the achievements of diverse cultures. Discovering such connections can be intellectually stimulating and emotion