Assessing Students With Special Needs

by Venn, John J.

• ISBN13: 9780131712966
• ISBN10: 0131712969
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-06-08
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Known for its practical, applied approach, the fourth edition of John Venn'sAssessing Student's with Special Needscontinues to focus on how teachers can use assessment as a guide to instruction. This noteworthy revision focuses on what teachers really need to know to include assessment in the curriculum. Coverage includes all of the core information expected of an assessment text, but the book goes far beyond the basics by addressing multicultural considerations, technology and assessment, high-stakes testing, and the reauthorization of IDEA. The book clearly shows how assessment is more than giving a test to a child, but is an essential tool for teachers as they help students achieve, learn, develop, and grow.

Table of Contents

The Assessment Process	p. 1
Defining and Describing the Assessment of Students with Special Needs	p. 2
Objectives	p. 2
Overview	p. 2
Defining Assessment	p. 3
Check Your Comprehension	p. 4
Importance of Assessment	p. 5
Assessment Influences	p. 5
Historical Perspective	p. 6
Check Your Comprehension	p. 14
Legal Considerations	p. 14
Check Your Comprehension	p. 17
Summary	p. 17
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 17
Steps in the Assessment Process	p. 19
Objectives	p. 19
Overview	p. 19
The Assessment Process	p. 19
The Screening Process	p. 20
Check Your Comprehension	p. 25
The Eligibility Process	p. 25
Check Your Comprehension	p. 28
The Individual Education Plan (IEP)	p. 29
Check Your Comprehension	p. 34
Instructional Intervention	p. 34
Check Your Comprehension	p. 36
The Progress-Measuring Process	p. 36
Check Your Comprehension	p. 38
Summary	p. 39
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 40
Inclusive Assessment	p. 41
Objectives	p. 41
Overview	p. 41
Questions Teachers Ask About Inclusive Assessment	p. 41
Growth of Inclusive Education	p. 42
Definition of Inclusion	p. 42
Assessment Issues in General Education	p. 43
Why Do We Modify Assessment in Inclusive Settings?	p. 43
New Approaches to Inclusive Assessment	p. 44
Team Assessment	p. 44
Check Your Comprehension	p. 47
Alternative Grading	p. 47
Check Your Comprehension	p. 53
Modifying Teacher-Made Tests	p. 53
Check Your Comprehension	p. 56
Cooperative Learning Assessment	p. 56
Check Your Comprehension	p. 61
Summary	p. 61
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 62
Assessment Concepts and Skills	p. 63
Practical Measurement Concepts	p. 64
Objectives	p. 64
Overview	p. 64
Introduction to the Measurement Concepts	p. 64
Check Your Comprehension	p. 76
Reliability	p. 76
Check Your Comprehension	p. 79
Validity	p. 79
Check Your Comprehension	p. 83
Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Assessment	p. 83
Norm-Referenced Assessment	p. 84
Test Norms	p. 84
Check Your Comprehension	p. 86
Practical Measurement Concepts	p. 86
Check Your Comprehension	p. 89
Summary	p. 89
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 90
Test Scores and What They Mean	p. 91
Objectives	p. 91
Overview	p. 91
Using Scores Properly	p. 91
Definition of Scores	p. 92
Problems with Test Scores	p. 93
Accurately Interpreting Test Scores	p. 94
Check Your Comprehension	p. 95
Types of Scores	p. 95
Check Your Comprehension	p. 96
Specific Criterion-Referenced Scores	p. 96
Check Your Comprehension	p. 99
Specific Norm-Referenced Scores	p. 99
Check Your Comprehension	p. 103
Percentile Ranks	p. 104
Check Your Comprehension	p. 105
Standard Scores	p. 105
Check Your Comprehension	p. 108
Principles of Using Scores	p. 109
Check Your Comprehension	p. 110
Summary	p. 110
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 111
Selecting and Using Assessment Instruments	p. 112
Objectives	p. 112
Overview	p. 112
The Decision Model	p. 113
Locating Appropriate Assessment Instruments	p. 115
Evaluating Assessment Instruments	p. 117
Check Your Comprehension	p. 120
Using Assessment to Document Teaching and Learning	p. 120
Practical Considerations in Providing Test Accommodations	p. 125
Prompting During Assessment	p. 125
Anecdotal Assessment Information	p. 126
Check Your Comprehension	p. 127
Assessment Proficiency	p. 127
Report Writing Principles	p. 130
Sample Reports	p. 130
Check Your Comprehension	p. 138
Summary	p. 138
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 139
Assessing General Performance	p. 141
Assessing Intelligence	p. 142
Objectives	p. 142
Overview	p. 142
Introduction	p. 142
Why Do We Assess Intelligence?	p. 147
Issues in Intelligence Testing	p. 149
Check Your Comprehension	p. 152
Individually Adminsitered Tests of General Ability	p. 153
Check Your Comprehension	p. 159
Specialized Measures of Intelligence	p. 160
Check Your Comprehension	p. 165
Guidelines for Teachers in Using Intelligence Test Results	p. 166
Summary	p. 167
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 172
Developmental Assessment	p. 174
Objectives	p. 174
Overview	p. 174
Defining and Describing Developmental Assessment	p. 174
Provisions for Infants and Toddlers in IDEA	p. 176
The Team Approach	p. 178
Questions Teachers Ask About the Developmental Approach	p. 178
Principles of Developmental Assessment	p. 179
Why Do We Use Developmental Assessment?	p. 181
Check Your Comprehension	p. 182
Developmental Assessment Instruments	p. 183
Representative Developmental Screening Tests	p. 184
Check Your Comprehension	p. 190
Diagnostic Scales of Developmental Skills	p. 190
Check Your Comprehension	p. 195
Developmental Readiness Tests	p. 195
Representative Readiness Tests	p. 196
Check Your Comprehension	p. 199
Specialized Developmental Assessment	p. 200
Specialized Developmental Assessment Instruments	p. 202
Check Your Comprehension	p. 204
Infant Assessment	p. 204
Check Your Comprehension	p. 207
Summary	p. 207
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 214
Assessing Motor Proficiency, Perception, and Learning Styles	p. 216
Objectives	p. 216
Overview	p. 216
Introduction to Assessing Motor Proficiency and Perception	p. 216
Check Your Comprehension	p. 220
Assessing Motor Proficiency	p. 220
Representative Motor Proficiency Tests	p. 221
Check Your Comprehension	p. 225
Assessing Perception and Perceptual-Motor Skills	p. 225
Representative Perception and Perceptual-Motor Tests	p. 227
Check Your Comprehension	p. 230
Assessing Learning Styles	p. 230
Learning Style Inventories	p. 231
Check Your Comprehension	p. 234
Summary	p. 234
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 239
Language and Bilingual Assessment	p. 240
Objectives	p. 240
Overview	p. 240
The Importance of Language Assessment	p. 240
Considerations in Language Assessment	p. 242
The Structural Components of Language	p. 243
Why Do We Assess Language?	p. 244
Curriculum-Based Language Assessment	p. 245
Check Your Comprehension	p. 246
Assessing the Sounds of Language: Phonology	p. 246
Check Your Comprehension	p. 249
Assessing Units of Meaning (Morphology) and Phrases and Sentences (Syntax)	p. 249
Check Your Comprehension	p. 253
Assessing Semantics and Pragmatics	p. 253
Check Your Comprehension	p. 258
Comprehensive Measures of Language	p. 258
Check Your Comprehension	p. 263
Assessing Students Who Are Culturally and Linguistically Diverse	p. 264
Assessing Students with Severe Communication Disorders	p. 265
Summary	p. 267
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 267
Assessing Behavior	p. 274
Objectives	p. 274
Overview	p. 274
The Importance of Assessing Behavior	p. 274
Behavior Assessment Principles	p. 277
Why Do We Assess the Behavior of Students with Special Needs?	p. 278
Check Your Comprehension	p. 278
Behavior Rating Scales	p. 278
Check Your Comprehension	p. 284
Direct Observation	p. 284
Check Your Comprehension	p. 290
Assessing Self-Concept	p. 290
Check Your Comprehension	p. 293
Assessing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	p. 293
Check Your Comprehension	p. 303
Summary	p. 304
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 304
Assessing Adaptive Behavior	p. 306
Objectives	p. 306
Overview	p. 306
Assessing Adaptive Behavior	p. 306
Check Your Comprehension	p. 311
Adaptive Behavior Scales	p. 311
Check Your Comprehension	p. 318
Summary	p. 318
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 321
Career and Vocational Assessment	p. 323
Objectives	p. 323
Overview	p. 323
Introducing Career and Vocational Assessment	p. 324
Check Your Comprehension	p. 328
Assessing Career and Vocational Interests	p. 329
Vocational Interest Inventories	p. 330
Check Your Comprehension	p. 333
Assessing Prevocational and Employability Skills	p. 334
Check Your Comprehension	p. 335
Work Sample Evaluation	p. 335
Check Your Comprehension	p. 336
Situational and On-the-Job Assessment	p. 337
Check Your Comprehension	p. 341
Summary	p. 342
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 346
Assessing Academic Achievement	p. 349
Assessing Academic Achievement: Curriculum-Based and Norm-Referenced Strategies	p. 350
Objectives	p. 350
Overview	p. 350
Introduction to Assessing Academic Achievement	p. 351
Check Your Comprehension	p. 353
Curriculum-Based Assessment of Academic Achievement	p. 354
Check Your Comprehension	p. 360
Norm-Referenced Assessment of Academic Achievement	p. 360
Individual Achievement Tests	p. 363
Check Your Comprehension	p. 370
Summary	p. 371
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 376
Assessing Reading Achievement	p. 377
Objectives	p. 377
Overview	p. 377
The Importance of Assessing Reading	p. 378
Check Your Comprehension	p. 380
Curriculum-Based Reading Assessment	p. 380
Check Your Comprehension	p. 391
Informal Reading Inventories	p. 392
Check Your Comprehension	p. 393
Norm-Referenced Reading Tests	p. 393
Check Your Comprehension	p. 400
Summary	p. 400
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 402
Assessing Mathematics Achievement	p. 404
Objectives	p. 404
Overview	p. 404
The Importance of Assessing Mathematics	p. 404
Check Your Comprehension	p. 408
Curriculum-Based Assessment of Mathematics Performance	p. 408
Check Your Comprehension	p. 413
Formal Assessment in Mathematics	p. 414
Check Your Comprehension	p. 418
Summary	p. 419
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 420
Assessing Written Expression	p. 421
Objectives	p. 421
Overview	p. 421
Assessing Written Language	p. 421
Curriculum-Based Written Language Assessment	p. 423
Curriculum-Based Spelling Assessment	p. 426
Written Language Profile	p. 427
Check Your Comprehension	p. 435
Formal Written Language Assessment	p. 437
Check Your Comprehension	p. 440
Summary	p. 440
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 442
Portfolio Assessment	p. 443
Objectives	p. 443
Overview	p. 443
Growing Interest in Portfolio Assessment	p. 443
Portfolios in the Classroom	p. 444
Defining Portfolios and Assessment	p. 444
Emphasis on Performance	p. 445
Focus on Writing and Reading	p. 445
Types of Portfolios	p. 445
Check Your Comprehension	p. 450
Why Do We Use Portfolio Assessment?	p. 451
Check Your Comprehension	p. 453
The Portfolio Assessment Process	p. 453
Selecting Portfolio Contents	p. 453
Portfolio Evaluation Procedures	p. 455
Check Your Comprehension	p. 463
Portfolio Conferences	p. 464
Check Your Comprehension	p. 468
Summary	p. 468
Meeting Performance Standards and Preparing for Licensure Exams	p. 471
References	p. 473
Glossary	p. 484
Name Index	p. 496
Subject Index	p. 500
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