Behaviour and Evolution

by Hall, Marion; Halliday, Tim; Open University

• ISBN13: 9783540647522
• ISBN10: 354064752X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

This book, part of a series from The Open University in the United Kingdom, is about animal behaviour. The behaviour of animals, including humans, is very diverse and often very complex. Studying behaviour draws on the work of scientists from several disciplines, including ethologists, psychologists, physiologists and biochemists. The question that most of them are interested in answering is: why does an animal behave in the way it does? The possible answers - development, survival value, evolutionary history or cause-and-effect - are the themes that run through this introduction to behaviour and evolution.

Table of Contents

Preface	1	(4)
1 Introduction	5	(12)
1.1 What is behaviour?	5	(4)
1.2 Approaches to the study of behaviour	9	(6)
Summary of Chapter 1	15	(1)
Objectives for Chapter 1	16	(1)
Question for Chapter 1	16	(1)
References for Chapter 1	16	(1)
2 Actions and reactions	17	(34)
2.1 Introduction	17	(1)
2.2 Reflexes: animals as automata	17	(1)
2.3 The senses and behaviour	18	(3)
2.4 The organization of behaviour and its analysis	21	(7)
2.5 The experimental analysis of causation	28	(4)
2.6 Stimulus-response chains	32	(3)
2.7 The sensory guidance of behaviour	35	(6)
2.8 Senses and communication	41	(2)
2.9 Hormones and the causation of behaviour	43	(2)
Summary of Chapter 2	45	(2)
Objectives for Chapter 2	47	(1)
Questions for Chapter 2	48	(1)
References for Chapter 2	49	(1)
Further reading for Chapter 2	49	(2)
3 Genes and behaviour	51	(24)
3.1 Introduction	51	(1)
3.2 Genetics	52	(7)
3.3 Effects of single genes	59	(4)
3.4 Pleiotropy	63	(1)
3.5 Polygenic effects	63	(5)
3.6 From genotype to phenotype	68	(4)
Summary of Chapter 3	72	(1)
Objectives for Chapter 3	73	(1)
Questions for Chapter 3	73	(1)
References for Chapter 3	74	(1)
4 Behaviour and adaptation	75	(34)
4.1 Introduction	75	(1)
4.2 Variation	75	(2)
4.3 Natural selection and evolution	77	(18)
4.4 Adaptation	95	(8)
Summary of Chapter 4	103	(1)
Objectives for Chapter 4	104	(1)
Questions for Chapter 4	105	(2)
References for Chapter 4	107	(1)
Further reading for Chapter 4	107	(2)
5 Development of behaviour	109	(26)
5.1 Different species, different lives	109	(1)
5.2 Developmental processes	109	(5)
5.3 The environment and the developing organism	114	(4)
5.4 Innate behaviour	118	(4)
5.5 Imprinting	122	(6)
5.6 Bird song	128	(3)
Summary of Chapter 5	131	(1)
Objectives for Chapter 5	132	(1)
Questions for Chapter 5	132	(1)
References for Chapter 5	133	(1)
Further reading for Chapter 5	133	(2)
6 Learning	135	(28)
6.1 Introduction: what is learning?	135	(3)
6.2 The study of learning: different approaches	138	(1)
6.3 Types of learning	139	(17)
6.4 Constraints on learning	156	(4)
Summary of Chapter 6	160	(1)
Objectives for Chapter 6	161	(1)
Questions for Chapter 6	161	(1)
References for Chapter 6	162	(1)
Further reading for Chapter 6	162	(1)
7 Motivation	163	(30)
7.1 Introduction: what is motivation?	163	(4)
7.2 Changing responsiveness-internal factors	167	(9)
7.3 External factors in motivation	176	(3)
7.4 The effect of learning on motivational state	179	(3)
7.5 Goal-direction	182	(2)
7.6 Decision making	184	(3)
7.7 Conclusion	187	(1)
Summary of Chapter 7	188	(1)
Objectives for Chapter 7	189	(1)
Questions for Chapter 7	190	(1)
References for Chapter 7	191	(1)
Further reading for Chapter 7	191	(2)
8 Cognition	193	(22)
8.1 Introduction	193	(1)
8.2 The experimental approach	194	(8)
8.3 Social intelligence in primates	202	(8)
8.4 Conclusion	210	(1)
Summary of Chapter 8	210	(1)
Objectives for Chapter 8	211	(1)
Questions for Chapter 8	212	(1)
References for Chapter 8	213	(2)
9 Reproductive behaviour	215	(26)
9.1 Introduction	215	(1)
9.2 Mechanisms underlying sexual behaviour	216	(2)
9.3 Differences between the sexes	218	(11)
9.4 Mate choice	229	(6)
9.5 Parental behaviour	235	(2)
9.6 Conclusion	237	(1)
Summary of Chapter 9	238	(1)
Objectives for Chapter 9	239	(1)
Questions for Chapter 9	239	(1)
References for Chapter 9	240	(1)
Further reading for Chapter 9	240	(1)
10 Living in groups	241	(26)
10.1 Introduction	241	(1)
10.2 Living in groups and its adaptive basis	242	(12)
10.3 Social conflict	254	(1)
10.4 Social cooperation	255	(6)
10.5 Cultural transmission of behaviour	261	(2)
Summary of Chapter 10	263	(1)
Objectives for Chapter 10	264	(1)
Questions for Chapter 10	265	(1)
References for Chapter 10	266	(1)
General further reading	267	(1)
Answers to questions	268	(11)
Glossary	279	(12)
Acknowledgements	291	(4)
Index	295