The Best Test Preparation for the CLEP Human Growth And Development

by Heindel, Patricia

• ISBN13: 9780738603964
• ISBN10: 0738603961
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-05-06
• Publisher: Research & Education Assn

Summary

REA '¦ Real review, Real practice, Real results. An easier path to a college degree ' get college credits without the classes. CLEP HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ' 8th Edition TEST ware CD with timed practice tests, instant scoring, and more. Based on today's official CLEP exam Are you prepared to excel on the CLEP? * Take the first practice test to discover what you know and what you should know * Set up a flexible study schedule by following our easy timeline * Use REA's advice to ready yourself for proper study and success Study what you need to know to pass the exam * The book's on-target subject review features coverage of all topics on the official CLEP exam, including theories of development, intelligence, family and society, atypical development, and more. * Smart and friendly lessons reinforce necessary skills * Key tutorials enhance specific abilities needed on the test * Targeted drills increase comprehension and help organize study Practice for real * Create the closest experience to test-day conditions with the book's 3 full-length practice tests on REA's TESTware CD, featuring test-taking against the clock, instant scoring by topic, handy mark-and-return function, pause function, and more. * OR choose paper-and-pencil testing at your own pace * Chart your progress with full and detailed explanations of all answers * Boost your confidence with test-taking strategies and experienced advice Specially Written for Solo Test Preparation! REA is the acknowledged leader in CLEP preparation, with the most extensive library of CLEP titles and software available. Most titles are also offered with REA's exclusive TESTware software to make your practice more effective and more like exam day. REA's CLEP Prep guides will help you get valuable credits, save on tuition, and advance your chosen career by earning a college degree.

Table of Contents

Independent Study Schedule	p. xii
Passing the CLEP Human Growth and Development Exam	p. 1
About This Book and TESTware	p. 3
About the Exam	p. 3
How to Use This Book and TESTware	p. 5
Format and Content of the Exam	p. 6
About Our Course Review	p. 7
Scoring Your Practice Tests	p. 7
Studying for the CLEP	p. 7
Test-Taking Tips	p. 9
The Day of the Exam	p. 10
Theories of Development	p. 11
Controversial Issues Regarding Development	p. 13
Nature versus nurture	p. 13
Patterns of development	p. 13
Child development versus life span perspective	p. 14
Universality versus context-specific development	p. 14
Theoretical Perspectives	p. 14
Cognitive-developmental theory	p. 14
Learning theory	p. 16
Social-cognitive theory	p. 18
Psychodynamic theory	p. 19
Sociocultural theory	p. 25
Evolutionary theory	p. 26
Research Strategies and Methodology	p. 29
The Experiment	p. 31
Nonexperimental Methods	p. 32
Developmental Research Methods	p. 33
Cross-Sectional Research Design	p. 34
Longitudinal Research Design	p. 34
Sequential Research Design	p. 34
Comparing Research Methods	p. 35
Biological Development Throughout the Life Span	p. 37
Genes and Heredity	p. 39
Dominance/Recessiveness Principle of Inheritance	p. 40
Genetic Diseases and Abnormalities	p. 40
Hormonal Influences on Development	p. 41
Prenatal Development	p. 42
Stages of Prenatal Development	p. 43
Biological Development in the Newborn/Infant	p. 45
The Birth Process	p. 45
Early Brain and Nervous System Development	p. 46
Motor Development	p. 46
Physical Growth	p. 48
Biological Development in the Child	p. 48
Brain and Nervous System Development	p. 48
Motor Development and Physical Growth	p. 48
Biological Development in the Adolescent	p. 48
Brain and Nervous System Development	p. 48
Physical Growth	p. 49
Biological Development in the Adult	p. 50
Brain and Nervous System Development	p. 50
Physical Growth	p. 50
Perceptual Development Throughout the Life Span	p. 53
Perceptual Functioning in the Newborn/Infant	p. 56
Vision	p. 56
Hearing	p. 58
Smell	p. 58
Taste	p. 58
Touch, Temperature, and Pain	p. 59
Perceptual Development in Childhood and Adolescence	p. 59
Perceptual Development in Adulthood	p. 59
Vision	p. 59
Hearing	p. 60
Taste and Smell	p. 60
Touch, Temperature, and Pain	p. 60
Cognitive Development Throughout the Life Span	p. 61
Elements of Cognitive Development	p. 63
Concepts	p. 63
Reasoning	p. 63
Problem Solving	p. 64
Theories of Cognitive Development	p. 64
Piaget's Stage Theory	p. 64
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory	p. 65
Information Processing Theory	p. 65
Cognitive Development Throughout the Life Span	p. 67
Thinking	p. 67
Memory Development	p. 70
Problem Solving	p. 72
Attention	p. 72
Play	p. 73
Cultural and Environmental Influences on Cognitive Development	p. 75
Language Development	p. 77
Major Properties of Spoken Language	p. 79
Language Development	p. 80
Theories of Language Development	p. 82
Comparing Theories of Language Development	p. 83
Bilingualism	p. 83
Intelligence Throughout the Life Span	p. 85
Intelligence Testing	p. 87
History of Intelligence Testing	p. 88
Current Intelligence Tests	p. 89
Determinants of Intelligence	p. 91
Intelligence Throughout the Life Span	p. 92
Emotional Intelligence	p. 93
Creativity	p. 93
Social Development Throughout the Life Span	p. 95
Social Cognition	p. 97
Person Perception	p. 98
Role-Taking Skills	p. 99
Gender Role Development	p. 99
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development	p. 101
Interpersonal Relationships	p. 102
Attachment	p. 102
Peer Relationships	p. 104
Interpersonal Attraction	p. 105
Friendship	p. 105
Love	p. 106
Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior	p. 107
Aggression	p. 107
Altruism	p. 108
Risk and Resilience	p. 108
Family, Home, and Society Throughout the Life Span	p. 109
Family	p. 112
Family Life Cycle	p. 112
Parenting Styles	p. 113
Sibling Relationships	p. 114
Adolescent-Parent Relationships	p. 114
Adult-Parent Relationships	p. 115
Grandparenthood	p. 115
Influences of Divorce and Single-Parenthood	p. 115
Social Class and Culture	p. 116
Media Influence	p. 117
Child Abuse and Neglect	p. 117
Death and Dying	p. 118
Personality and Emotions	p. 121
Temperament	p. 123
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Development	p. 124
Stages of Psychosexual Development	p. 126
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Personality Development	p. 127
Self-Concept and Self-Esteem	p. 129
Adolescent Identity Formation	p. 130
Adult Personality	p. 131
Emotional Development	p. 132
Attribution Styles and Achievement Motivation	p. 133
Learning	p. 135
Habituation	p. 137
Classical Conditioning	p. 137
Operant and Instrumental Conditioning	p. 140
Observational Learning	p. 142
Learning Development	p. 143
Schooling, Work, and Interventions	p. 145
Day Care	p. 147
Preschool	p. 147
Application of Cognitive Developmental Principles Within the School	p. 148
Teaching Reading	p. 150
Learning Styles	p. 151
Application of Learning Theory Within the School	p. 151
Achievement Motivation	p. 151
Intervention Programs and Services	p. 152
Training in Parenting Skills	p. 153
Career Development and Retirement	p. 153
Atypical Development	p. 155
Genetic Disorders	p. 157
Drugs, Diseases, Birth Complications and At-Risk Newborns	p. 158
Extremes of Intelligence	p. 159
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	p. 161
Autism Spectrum Disorders	p. 161
Antisocial Behavior	p. 162
Eating Disorders	p. 162
Other Major Psychological Disorders	p. 163
Anxiety Disorders	p. 163
Dissociative Disorders	p. 163
Mood Disorders	p. 163
Personality Disorders	p. 163
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	p. 163
Schizophrenic Disorders	p. 164
Somatoform Disorders	p. 164
Cognitive Disorders (Dementia)	p. 164
Physical Disabilities	p. 165
	p. 167
Answer Key	p. 191
Detailed Explanations of Answers	p. 192
	p. 205
Answer Key	p. 229
Detailed Explanations of Answers	p. 230
	p. 245
Answer Key	p. 269
Detailed Explanations of Answers	p. 270
Answer Sheets	p. 283
Glossary	p. 289
Index	p. 329
Installing REA's TESTware	p. 340
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Excerpts

ABOUT THIS BOOK AND TESTware This book provides you with complete preparation for the CLEP Human Growth and Development exam. Inside you will find a targeted review of the subject matter, as well as tips and strategies for test-taking. We also give you three practice tests, featuring content and formatting based on the official CLEP Human Growth and Development exam. Our practice tests contain every type of question that you can expect to encounter on the actual exam. Following each practice test you will find an answer key with detailed explanations designed to help you more completely understand the test material. All CLEP exams are computer-based. The practice exams in this book and software package are included in two formats: in printed format in this book, and in TESTware format on the enclosed CD. We strongly recommend that you begin your preparation with the TESTware practice exams. The software provides the added benefits of instant scoring and enforced time conditions. ABOUT THE EXAM Who takes CLEP exams and what are they used for? CLEP (College-Level Examination Program) examinations are typically taken by people who have acquired knowledge outside the classroom and wish to bypass certain college courses and earn college credit. The CLEP is designed to reward students for learningno matter where or how that knowledge was acquired. The CLEP is the most widely accepted credit-by-examination program in the country, with more than 2,900 colleges and universities granting credit for satisfactory scores on CLEP exams. Although most CLEP examinees are adults returning to college, many graduating high school seniors, enrolled college students, military personnel, and international students also take the exams to earn college credit or to demonstrate their ability to perform at the college level. There are no prerequisites, such as age or educational status, for taking CLEP examinations. However, because policies on granting credits vary among colleges, you should contact the particular institution from which you wish to receive CLEP credit. There are two categories of CLEP examinations: 1. CLEP General Examinations, which are five separate tests that cover material usually taken as requirements during the first two years of college. CLEP General Examinations are available for English Composition (with or without essay), Humanities, College Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences and History. 2. CLEP Subject Examinations include material usually covered in an undergraduate course with a similar title. For a complete list of the subject examinations offered, visit the College Board website. Who administers the exam? The CLEP exams are developed by the College Board, administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS), and involve the assistance of educators throughout the United States. The test development process is designed and implemented to ensure that the content and difficulty level of the test are appropriate. When and where is the exam given? CLEP exams are administered each month throughout the year at more than 1,300 test centers in the United States and can be arranged for candidates abroad on request. To find the test center nearest you and to register for the exam, you should obtain a copy of the free booklets CLEP Colleges and CLEP Information for Candidates and Registration Form. They are available at most colleges where CLEP credit is granted, or by contacting: CLEP Services P.O. Box 6600 Princeton, NJ 08541-6600 Phone: [phone] (8 A.M. to 6 P.M. ET) Fax: [phone] Website: www.collegeboard.com/clep CLEP exams are available free of charge to eligibl