Biochemistry Demystified

by Walker, Sharon; McMahon, David

• ISBN13: 9780071495998
• ISBN10: 0071495991
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-07-17
• Publisher: The McGraw-Hill Companies

Summary

Trying to understand the chemical processes of living organisms but having trouble metabolizing the complex concepts? Here's your lifeline! Biochemistry Demystified helps synthesize your understanding of this important topic.

Author Biography

Sharon Walker, Ph.D., is a Diplomat of the American Board of Toxicology (DABT) and has done extensive research in various areas of biomedicine. She has taught graduate courses in immunology, epidemiology, cell biology, and statistics. Dr. Walker is the author of Biotechnology Demystified.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
The Chemistry of Biomolecules	p. 1
Review of Basic Chemical Concepts	p. 1
Forces That Hold Atoms and Molecules Together	p. 2
Forces That Drive Reactions	p. 8
The Unique Measurements of Hydrogen Ion Concentration-pH	p. 18
The Unique Properties of the Carbon Atom	p. 20
The Importance of Molecular Arrangement-Stereochemistry	p. 23
Summary	p. 26
Quiz	p. 29
Cell Structures and Cell Division	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
Cell Theory	p. 32
The Three Domains of Life	p. 32
Cell Containment	p. 35
Introduction to Cell Organelles	p. 38
Summary	p. 47
Quiz	p. 49
Carbohydrates	p. 53
Monosaccharide	p. 54
Reducing and Nonreducing Sugars	p. 63
Derivatives of Carbohydrates	p. 63
Glycosidic Bond and Disaccharides	p. 65
Polysaccharides	p. 68
Glycoconjugates	p. 70
Summary	p. 71
Quiz	p. 71
Lipids	p. 75
Fatty Acids	p. 76
Triglycerides	p. 80
Sphingolipids	p. 81
Nonsaponifiable Lipids	p. 82
Cholesterol	p. 84
An Overview of the Cell Membrane	p. 85
Summary	p. 89
Quiz	p. 89
Lipid Metabolism	p. 93
Lipases and Phospholipases	p. 93
Cholesterol Release	p. 96
[beta] Oxidation of Fatty Acids	p. 96
Energy Yield	p. 98
Summary	p. 99
Quiz	p. 99
Protein Structure	p. 101
Introduction	p. 101
General Characteristics of Proteins	p. 102
Summary	p. 122
Quiz	p. 124
Protein Assembly and Disassembly	p. 127
Introduction	p. 127
A Few Words about Oxidation-Reduction Potential	p. 128
Acquisition of Nitrogen from the Environment	p. 128
Essential versus Nonessential Amino Acids	p. 130
Summary	p. 146
Quiz	p. 147
Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides	p. 151
Pyrimidines	p. 152
Summary	p. 171
Quiz	p. 171
Enzymes	p. 175
Enzyme Naming Conventions	p. 177
Turnover Number	p. 183
Inhibitors	p. 186
Irreversible and Reversible Inhibition	p. 189
Regulation of Enzyme Activity	p. 189
Coenzymes and Cofactors	p. 190
Isozymes	p. 193
Summary	p. 194
Quiz	p. 194
Glycolysis	p. 197
Introduction	p. 198
The Preparatory Phase	p. 199
The Pay-Off Phase of Glycolysis	p. 202
Hexokinase Regulation	p. 205
Phosphofructokinase Regulation	p. 207
Pyruvate Kinase Regulation	p. 207
More on the Liver	p. 211
Ethanol Fermentation	p. 212
Other Sugars in Glycolysis	p. 212
Glycolysis and Cancer	p. 214
Summary	p. 217
Quiz	p. 217
The Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation	p. 221
The Citric Acid Cycle	p. 222
The Electron Transport Chain and Protein Complexes	p. 232
ATP Synthesis	p. 235
Summary	p. 237
Quiz	p. 237
Control of Chemical Processes-Signal Biomolecules	p. 241
Hormones	p. 242
Areas of Hormone Production	p. 249
Summary	p. 257
Quiz	p. 257
Specialty Functions	p. 261
Hemoglobin	p. 261
The Molecular Structure of Oxygen Transport Molecules	p. 262
Release of Oxygen	p. 265
Factors That Modulate Oxygen Transport and Release	p. 267
Other Functions of Hemoglobin	p. 271
Chemicals That Impede Hemoglobin Functions-Poisons	p. 272
Disease Conditions Resulting from Abnormal Hemoglobin	p. 272
Summary	p. 273
Photosynthesis	p. 275
The Overall Scheme by Which Energy Is Captured and Carbon Is Reduced	p. 275
The Molecular Structure of Chlorophyll	p. 277
The Details of Energy Capture and Production of ATP	p. 278
The Details of Carbon Reduction	p. 281
Photorespiration-A Metabolic Process That Does More Harm Than Good	p. 283
Summary	p. 285
Quiz	p. 285
Bioinformation, Analytical Techniques, and Bioinformatics	p. 289
Introduction	p. 289
Production of Proteins	p. 290
Methods Used to Study Protein Structure and Function	p. 294
Determining Base Code Sequences on DNA	p. 303
Analytical Techniques in Deriving Relationships Between Genomes	p. 310
Summary	p. 314
Quiz	p. 316
Final Exam	p. 319
Answers to Quiz and Exam Questions	p. 339
Common Structures	p. 345
Index	p. 351
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