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Biochemistry : Essential Concepts
by Hardin, Charles C.; Knopp, James A.ISBN13:
9780199765621
ISBN10:
0199765626
Format:
Paperback
Pub. Date:
6/15/2012
Publisher(s):
Oxford Univ Pr
List Price: $39.95
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Summary
One-semester biochemistry courses are notorious for overwhelming students with the magnitude of material covered in their texts and lectures. Biochemistry: Essential Concepts distills the basic ideas covered in a one-semester course without the extraneous details that burden most texts. Authors Charles Hardin and James Knopp demonstrate the core concepts of biochemistry - including cell biology, amino acids, metabolism, and DNA - in a variety of real-world contexts. With the last forty percent of the text devoted to review questions and practice tests, Biochemistry: EssentialConcepts equips students for success in the one-semester biochemistry course and prepares them for their future studies and careers.
Table of Contents
| Brief Contents | |
| Preface | |
| Acknowledgement | |
| Biochemistry: Subject Overview | |
| Central Themes | |
| Central Dogma of Molecular Biology | |
| Cell Biology Review | |
| The Animal Cell | |
| The Plant Cell | |
| Selected Organelles | |
| The Cell Cycle: Mitotic Cell Division | |
| Viruses | |
| Chemistry Review | |
| Organic Compounds | |
| Chirality | |
| Chemical Reactions | |
| Physical Chemistry Concepts | |
| Buffering of Blood: The Bicarbonate System | |
| Amino Acids | |
| Basic Structures | |
| Amino acid 'R Groups' | |
| Ionization Properties | |
| Drawing Peptide Titration Plots | |
| Factors That Influence the pKa of Protonatable/Deprotonatable Groups in Proteins | |
| Proteins | |
| Peptide Bonds | |
| Purification and Characterization of Proteins | |
| Protein Structure | |
| Conformation | |
| Classification of Substructure | |
| Alpha (?) Helices | |
| Beta Sheets | |
| U-Turns | |
| Ramachandran Plot | |
| Stabilizing Factors | |
| Thermodynamics of Protein Folding: The Hydrophobic Effect | |
| Temperature-Dependant Denaturation | |
| Chaotropes and The Hofmeister Series | |
| Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS): Chaotrope Action | |
| Visualizing the Energy Landscape | |
| Protein Maturation | |
| Ligand Binding and Functional Control | |
| Oxygen Transport in Blood | |
| Hemoglobin Oxygen Binding: Cooperativity | |
| Antibodies: Immunological Recognition | |
| Enzymes | |
| Enzymes are Biological Catalysts | |
| Enzyme Function: Activity Assays and Enzyme Kinetics | |
| Requirements for Catalysis | |
| Comparing Enzymes and Relative Efficiency of Use of Substrates | |
| Drug Design | |
| Enzyme Inhibitors | |
| Allosterism | |
| Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation | |
| Metabolic Enzyme Action | |
| Enzyme Mechanisms | |
| Modes of Catalysis | |
| The Reaction Coordinate | |
| Induced Fit Revisited | |
| Acid-Base Catalysis | |
| Covalent Group Transfer | |
| The Serine Protease Catalytic Triad Mechanism | |
| The Active Site of Tyrosyl-t | |
| RNA Synthetase | |
| Coenzymes | |
| Classification | |
| Survey of the Coenzymes | |
| 3 Metals | |
| Carbohydrates-Based Cofactors | |
| Fat Soluble Vitamins | |
| Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates | |
| Carbohydrates: Definition | |
| Monosaccharides: Aldoses | |
| Monosaccharides: Ketoses | |
| Structural Features | |
| Intramolecular Cyclization | |
| Conformations: Sugar Puckers | |
| Sugar Derivatives | |
| Disaccharides | |
| Polysaccharides | |
| Carbohydrate-Protein Conjugates | |
| Synthesis and Structural Characterization | |
| Lipids | |
| Structural Overview | |
| Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids | |
| Functions | |
| Diacylglycerol Lipid Derivatives | |
| Structural Motifs | |
| Assembly | |
| Structural and Dynamic Characterization | |
| Eicosanoids | |
| Phospholipases | |
| Phosphoinositides | |
| Steroids | |
| A Potpourri of Lipids | |
| Membranes | |
| The Fluid Mosaic Model | |
| Detergents | |
| Distribution of Lipids in Biological Membranes | |
| The Hydropathicity Scale | |
| Lipid-Anchored Membrane Proteins | |
| The Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton | |
| Transport Through Membranes | |
| The Transmembrane Potential | |
| Active Transport | |
| Ionophores | |
| The Acetylcholine Receptor Ion Channel | |
| Lactose Permease and Secondary Active Transport | |
| Mechanism of Transport by Na+, K+ ATPase | |
| Ion Channel Blockers | |
| Signal Transduction | |
| Signaling Pathways: Hormones, GTPases, Second Messengers and Intracellular Regulation | |
| The Adenylate Cyclase Signaling Pathway | |
| The Inositol-Phospholipid Signaling Pathway | |
| Phorbol Myristyl Acetate | |
| The Insulin Receptor | |
| Glucagon | |
| G-Proteins | |
| Nucleic Acids: DNA | |
| DNA and RNA | |
| Physical Properties | |
| Secondary Structure | |
| Backbone Structure | |
| Counterions | |
| Chemical Synthesis | |
| Watson-Crick Base Pairs | |
| Structural Modifications | |
| Three-Dimensional Structures | |
| Recognition of Sequences | |
| Genetic Mutations and Antisense Nucleic Acids | |
| Unusual DNA | |
| Stabilization of Nucleic Acids | |
| Secondary Structure Predictions | |
| Chromosomes | |
| Some Protein Nucleic Acid Binding Motifs | |
| Recombination | |
| RNA | |
| Cells Contain a Variety of Types of RNA | |
| RNAs Have Stable Secondary Structure | |
| Tertiary Structure: Transfer RNA | |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | |
| Eukaryotic Messenger RNA | |
| Alkaline Hydrolysis of RNA | |
| Small Interfering RNA | |
| Biotechnology | |
| Restriction Endonucleases | |
| Cloning in a Nutshell | |
| DNA Preparation: Phenol-Chloroform Extraction | |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction | |
| Probe DNA | |
| Metabolism | |
| Overview | |
| Metabolic Pathway Types | |
| Energy Conservation | |
| Key Pathways/Reactions | |
| Bioenergetics | |
| Reaction Equilibria: Standard and Actual Free Energies | |
| Metabolically Irreversible and Near Equilibrium Reactions | |
| Energies and Regulation of Glycolysis | |
| Bioelectrochemistry | |
| Redox Reaction Principles | |
| Redox Energetics: The Nernst Equation | |
| Electron Transport Chains | |
| Glycolysis | |
| Reactions 1 Through | |
| Regulation: Activation and Inhibition | |
| Four Fates of Pyruvate | |
| The Krebs Cycle | |
| Pathway | |
| Reactions | |
| Yields | |
| Cellular Redox Potential | |
| Regulation | |
| Gluconeogenesis | |
| Reactions | |
| Regulation | |
| Sources Used to Produce Glucose | |
| Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation | |
| Mitochondria in Red and White Muscle | |
| Overall Process | |
| Chemical and Potential Energies That Drive Proton Transport | |
| Mitochondrial Electron Transport | |
| Electron Transfer and Proton Flow in Complexes I through IV | |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | |
| The Malate-Aspartate Shuttle and Proteomics | |
| Getting NADH Into the Mitochondrion: Isozymes | |
| Isozymes and Proteomics | |
| Characterization by Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis | |
| Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics | |
| Degradation and Synthesis of Lipids | |
| Beta Oxidation of Saturated Fatty Acids | |
| Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids | |
| Length Determination of Fatty Acids | |
| Synthesis of Acidic Phospholipids | |
| Cholesterol Biosynthesis | |
| Regulating Cholesterol Levels | |
| Photosynthesis | |
| Light and Dark Reactions | |
| Photo-Gathering Pigments | |
| Photosynthetic Electron Transport Pathway (Z scheme) | |
| The Calvin Cycle | |
| The Dark Reactions: Carbon Fixation | |
| Biosynthesis of Ribose-5-phosphate | |
| RuBis CO Mechanism | |
| The C4 and CAM Pathways | |
| The Urea Cycle | |
| Purpose and Reactions | |
| Regulation | |
| Comparative Nitrogen Excretion | |
| Protein Degradation and Programmed Cell Death | |
| Study Guide | |
| Review Session for Chapters 1 û 3 | |
| Review Session for Chapter 4 | |
| Review Session for Chapters 5 and 6 | |
| Review Session for Chapters 7 - 8.6 | |
| Review Sessions for Chapters 8.7 - 8.8 | |
| Review Session for Chapter 9 | |
| Review Session for Chapters 10 - 11.4 | |
| Review Session for Chapters 10 - 11.4: Key | |
| Review Session for Chapters 11.5 - 12.5 | |
| Review Session for Chapters 11.5 - 12.5: Key | |
| Review Session for Chapters 13 - 14.7 | |
| Review Session for Chapters 13 - 14.7: Key | |
| Review Session for Chapters 16.2 - 17.6 | |
| Review Session for Chapters 16.2 - 17.6: Key | |
| Review Session for Chapters 19 û 20 | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
