Bioethics : An Anthology

by Kuhse, Helga; Singer, Peter

• ISBN13: 9781405129480
• ISBN10: 1405129484
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-03-20
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

The expanded and revised edition of Bioethics: An Anthology is a definitive one-volume collection of key primary texts for the study of bioethics. Brings together writings on a broad range of ethical issues relating such matters as reproduction, genetics, life and death, and animal experimentation. Now includes introductions to each of the sections. Features new coverage of the latest debates on hot topics such as genetic screening, the use of embryonic human stem cells, and resource allocation between patients. The selections are independent of any particular approach to bioethics. Can be used as a source book to complement A Companion to Bioethics (1999).

Author Biography

Helga Kuhse, former Director of the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University, Melbourne, is now Senior Honorary Research Fellow at the Centre. She is author and co-author of several books including Caring: Nurses, Women and Ethics (Blackwell 1996), Willing to Listen – Wanting to Die (1995), Individuals, Humans and Persons: Questions of Life and Death (with Peter Singer, 1994). She is the co-founder of the Blackwell journal Bioethics and is co-editor of the accompanying volume A Companion to Bioethics (Blackwell 1999).

Peter Singer is Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at the University Center for Human Values, Princeton University. He is the author of Animal Liberation, first published in 1975, and is widely credited with triggering the modern animal rights movement. His Practical Ethics is one of the most widely used texts in applied ethics, and Rethinking Life and Death received the 1995 Australian National Book Council’s Banjo Award for nonfiction. He was the foundation president of the International Association of Bioethics.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xii
Introduction	p. 1
Before Birth	p. 9
Introduction	p. 11
Abortion	p. 15
Abortion and Health Care Ethics	p. 17
Abortion and Infanticide	p. 25
A Defense of Abortion	p. 40
Why Abortion is Immoral	p. 51
Mother-Fetus Conflict	p. 63
Are Pregnant Women Fetal Containers?	p. 65
Issues in Reproduction	p. 77
Introduction	p. 79
Assisted Reproduction	p. 85
The McCaughey Septuplets: God's Will or Human Choice?	p. 87
Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment?	p. 90
A Response to Purdy	p. 100
The Right to Lesbian Parenthood	p. 104
Rights, Interests, and Possible People	p. 108
Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection, and Cloning	p. 113
Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children be Immoral?	p. 115
Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy	p. 122
Genetic Technology: A Threat to Deafness	p. 137
Sex Selection: The Case For	p. 145
Conception to Obtain Hematopoietic Stem Cells	p. 150
Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to be Selected as Tissue Donors	p. 158
The Moral Status of the Cloning of Humans	p. 162
The New Genetics	p. 179
Introduction	p. 181
Gene Therapy and Eugenics	p. 185
Questions About Some Uses of Genetic Engineering	p. 187
Ethical Issues in Manipulating the Human Germ Line	p. 198
The Moral Significance of the Therapy-Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics	p. 209
Should We Undertake Genetic Research on Intelligence?	p. 219
Genetic Screening and Counseling	p. 229
Lessons from a Dark and Distant Past	p. 231
Patient Autonomy and Value-Neutrality in Nondirective Genetic Counseling	p. 237
Genetic Dilemmas and the Child's Right to an Open Future	p. 246
Life and Death Issues	p. 257
Introduction	p. 259
The Sanctity of Life	p. 266
Declaration on Euthanasia	p. 276
Killing and Letting Die	p. 281
The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View	p. 283
Active and Passive Euthanasia	p. 288
Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die?	p. 292
Why Killing is Not Always Worse - and Sometimes Better - Than Letting Die	p. 297
Severely Disabled Newborns	p. 301
When Care Cannot Cure: Medical Problems in Seriously Ill Babies	p. 303
A Modern Myth: That Letting Die is Not the Intentional Causation of Death	p. 315
The Abnormal Child: Moral Dilemmas of Doctors and Parents	p. 329
Right to Life of Handicapped	p. 334
Brain Death	p. 337
A Definition of Irreversible Coma	p. 339
Is the Sanctity of Life Ethic Terminally Ill?	p. 344
Advance Directives	p. 355
Life Past Reason	p. 357
Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy	p. 365
Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide	p. 375
The Note	p. 377
When Self-Determination Runs Amok	p. 381
When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok	p. 386
Listening and Helping to Die: The Dutch Way	p. 391
Resource Allocation	p. 399
Introduction	p. 401
Micro-Allocation: Deciding Between Patients	p. 405
Rescuing Lives: Can't We Count?	p. 407
The Allocation of Exotic Medical Lifesaving Therapy	p. 410
Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation?	p. 421
The Value of Life	p. 428
How Age Should Matter: Justice as the Basis for Limiting Care to the Elderly	p. 437
Macro-Allocation: Dividing Up the Healthcare Budget	p. 449
Quality of Life and Resource Allocation	p. 451
A Lifespan Approach to Health Care	p. 465
Organ Donation	p. 475
Introduction	p. 477
Why Give to Strangers?	p. 479
Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body is it Anyway?	p. 483
The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales	p. 487
The Survival Lottery	p. 491
Experimentation with Human Subjects	p. 497
Introduction	p. 499
Human Subjects	p. 503
Ethics and Clinical Research	p. 505
Equipoise and the Ethics of Clinical Research	p. 513
The Patient and the Public Good	p. 520
The Morality of Clinical Research: A Case Study	p. 525
Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries	p. 533
We're Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them	p. 539
Human Embryos - Stem Cells	p. 541
Question of Respect for Life: What Some [Australian] Members of Parliament Have Said About Embryonic Stem Cell Research in Parliament This Week	p. 543
Stem Cells, Sex, and Procreation	p. 545
Experimentation with Animals	p. 559
Introduction	p. 561
Duties Towards Animals	p. 564
A Utilitarian View	p. 566
All Animals are Equal	p. 568
Vivisection, Morals and Medicine: An Exchange	p. 578
Ethical Issues in the Practice of Healthcare	p. 589
Introduction	p. 591
Confidentiality	p. 595
Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept	p. 597
Truth-Telling	p. 601
On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives	p. 603
Should Doctors Tell the Truth?	p. 605
On Telling Patients the Truth	p. 611
Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy	p. 619
On Liberty	p. 621
From Schloendorff v. New York Hospital	p. 624
Amputees by Choice	p. 625
Abandoning Informed Consent	p. 636
Rational Desires and the Limitation of Life-Sustaining Treatment	p. 646
The Doctor-Patient Relationship in Different Cultures	p. 664
Special Issues Facing Nurses	p. 677
Introduction	p. 679
Ethical Dilemmas for Nurses: Physicians' Orders Versus Patients' Rights	p. 682
In Defense of the Traditional Nurse	p. 690
Ethicists and Ethics Committees	p. 699
Introduction	p. 701
When Philosophers Shoot from the Hip	p. 703
Ethics Consultation as Moral Engagement	p. 707
Truth or Consequences: The Role of Philosophers in Policy-Making	p. 715
Should the Decisions of Ethics Committees be Based on Community Values?	p. 719
Index	p. 725
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