Bioluminescence

by Shimomura, Osamu

• ISBN13: 9789814366083
• ISBN10: 9814366080
• Edition: Revised
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-01-25
• Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Inc

Summary

This book is an authoritative monograph on the recent progresses in the chemistry of bioluminescence. It provides a comprehensive overview of the past and the latest developments in understanding the biochemical mechanisms of some 35 different types of luminous organisms, together with information helpful to students and researchers in an Appendix. It is the first and only book that provides chemical information on all currently known bioluminescence systems. Dr Shimomura is the leading practitioner in the field for the past half century, and is best known for his discovery of the jellyfish photoprotein aequorin and the green fluorescent protein. This book is the bible of bioluminescence, and is "a must read," not only for the students who study bioluminescence but also for those who work in various aspects relating to bioluminescence. This book will be an important source of chemical knowledge on bioluminescence for a long period of time in future.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations, Symbols and Definitions	p. xiii
Introduction	p. xvii
The Fireflies and Luminous Insects	p. 1
The Fireflies	p. 2
An overview of the firefly luminescence reaction	p. 2
Firefly luciferin and oxyluciferin	p. 5
Firefly luciferase	p. 7
Assays of luciferase activity, ATP and luciferin	p. 10
General characteristics of the bioluminescence of fireflies	p. 11
Mechanism of firefly bioluminescence	p. 15
Identification of light emitter	p. 17
A note on the dioxetanone pathway and the 18O-incorporation experiment	p. 20
Phengodidae and Elateroidae	p. 24
Phengodidae	p. 25
Elateridae	p. 25
Diptera	p. 26
The glow-worm Arachnocampa	p. 26
The American glow-worm Orfelia	p. 29
Luminous Bacteria	p. 31
Factors Required for Bioluminescence	p. 32
Bacterial Luciferase	p. 33
Long-chain Aldehyde	p. 35
Mechanism of Luminescence Reaction	p. 38
Assay of Luciferase Activity	p. 39
Quantum Yield of Long-chain Aldehydes	p. 41
In vivo Luminescence of Luminous Bacteria	p. 42
The Ostracod Cypridina (Vargula) and Other Luminous Crustaceans	p. 49
The Ostracod Cypridina	p. 51
Overview of Ostracoda	p. 51
Cypridina hilgendorfii Müller	p. 52
Research on Cypridina luminescence before 1955	p. 55
Purification and crystallization of Cypridina luciferin	p. 56
Properties of Cypridina luciferin	p. 60
Oxyluciferin and etioluciferin	p. 63
Purification and molecular properties of Cypridina luciferase	p. 64
Luciferin-luciferase luminescence reaction	p. 65
Quantum yield	p. 71
Euphausiids Euphausia pacifica and Meganyctiphanes Norvegica	p. 73
Involvement of the fluorescent compound F and protein P	p. 74
Fluorescent compound F	p. 75
Protein P	p. 80
Luminescence reaction	p. 81
The Decapod Shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris	p. 83
Oplophorus luciferase	p. 83
Coelenterazine-luciferase reaction	p. 85
Copepoda	p. 89
The Jellyfish Aequorea and Other Luminous Coelenterates	p. 91
The Hydrozoan Medusa Aequorea aequorea	p. 92
History of the biochemical study of Aequorea bioluminescence	p. 95
Extraction and purification of aequorin	p. 96
Properties of aequorin	p. 101
Discovery of the coelenterazine moiety in aequorin	p. 112
Regeneration of aequorin from apoaequorin	p. 114
Recombinant aequorin	p. 117
Semisynthetic aequorins	p. 119
The in vivo luminescence of Aequorea	p. 130
The Hydroid Obelia (Hydrozoan)	p. 131
Natural obelins	p. 132
Recombinant obelin	p. 133
The Hydrozoan Medusa Phialidium gregarium	p. 136
Other Bioluminescent Hydrozoans	p. 138
The Scyphozoans Pelagia and Periphylla	p. 139
Pelagia noctiluca	p. 139
Periphylla periphylla	p. 139
The Anthozoan Renilla (Sea Pansy)	p. 146
The Ctenophores	p. 149
The green fluorescent protein (GFP)	p. 154
Properties of Aequorea GFP	p. 156
Chromophore of Aequorea GFP	p. 158
Various natural GFPs	p. 159
Various improved forms of GFP	p. 162
The Coelenterazines	p. 167
Discovery of Coelenterazine	p. 167
Occurrence of Coelenterazine	p. 168
Properties of Coelenterazine and its Derivatives	p. 173
Chemi - and Bioluminescence Reactions of Coelenterazine	p. 175
Various Chemical Reactions of Coelenterazine	p. 182
Synthesis of Coelenterazines	p. 185
Coelenterazine Luciferases	p. 185
Luminous Mollusca	p. 189
The Limpet Latia	p. 190
The Clam Pholas dactylus	p. 201
Luminous Squids (Cephalopoda)	p. 208
The firefly squid Watasenia scintillans	p. 209
The purpleback flying squid Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis (Tobi-ika)	p. 214
The luminous flying squid Symplectoteuthis luminosa (Suji-ika)	p. 219
Annelida	p. 225
The Tubeworm Chaetopterus variopedatus	p. 225
Biochemistry of the Luminescence of Chaetopterus variopedatus	p. 226
Properties of the Chaetopterus photoprotein and its luminescence reaction	p. 230
The Bermuda Fireworm Odontosyllis	p. 233
Luminous Earthworms (Oligochaeta)	p. 243
Polynoid Scaleworm Harmothoë lunulata	p. 251
The Polychaete Tomopteris	p. 255
Dinoflagellates and Other Protozoa	p. 257
Radiolarians	p. 257
Dinoflagellates	p. 258
Cultivation and harvesting of dinoflagellates	p. 259
Scintillons	p. 260
The luciferase of Gonyaulax polyedra	p. 261
Extraction and purification of dinoflagellate luciferin	p. 264
Properties of dinoflagellate luciferin	p. 266
Chemical structures of dinoflagellate luciferin and its oxidation products	p. 269
Chemical mechanism of dinoflagellate bioluminescence	p. 272
Luciferin binding protein of dinoflagellates	p. 273
Luminous Fungi	p. 275
An Overview on Fungal Bioluminescence	p. 275
Early Studies on the Biochemistry of Luminous Fungi	p. 277
Role of Superoxide in Fungal Luminescence	p. 279
Studies on Panellus stipticus	p. 284
Panal	p. 285
Activation products of panal	p. 287
PS-A and PS-B	p. 290
Activation of PS-A and PS-B	p. 292
Mechanism of the in vivo bioluminescence of P. stipticus	p. 297
Synthetic studies of Panellus luciferin	p. 300
Studies on Mycena citricolor	p. 301
Luciferin obtained by Kuwabara and Wassink	p. 301
Studies on the Mycena citricolor luminescence by the author	p. 303
Summary on the Chemistry of Fungal Luminescence	p. 307
Other Luminous Organisms	p. 309
Ophiuroidea: Brittle Stars	p. 309
The brittle star Ophiopsila californica	p. 310
The brittle star Amphiura filiformis	p. 314
Millipede Luminodesmus sequoiae (Diplopoda)	p. 315
Centipede Orphaneus brevilabiatus (Chilopoda)	p. 321
Hemicordata	p. 322
The acorn worm Balanoglossus biminiensis	p. 323
The luciferin of Ptychodera flava	p. 325
Tunicates (Phylum Chordata)	p. 327
The Luminous Fishes	p. 329
Coastal and shallow-water fishes that utilize Cypridina luciferin	p. 330
Oceanic deep-sea luminous fishes	p. 334
Future research on fish bioluminescence	p. 337
Appendix	p. 339
Taxonomic Classification of Selected Luminous Organisms	p. 339
Lists of Luciferins, Luciferases and Photoproteins Isolated	p. 345
Miscellaneous Technical Information	p. 353
Basic Principle of the Isolation of Bioluminescent Substances	p. 353
Reversible inhibition of bioluminescence	p. 354
Extraction of luciferin-luciferase systems	p. 357
Solubilization of proteins	p. 357
Purification	p. 359
Storage of Samples	p. 360
Measurement of Luminescence	p. 363
Calibration of Luminometer and the Measurement of Quantum Yield	p. 365
Detection and Assay of Coelenterazine, its Derivatives, and Other Important Substances in Bioluminescence	p. 367
Assay of coelenterazine	p. 367
Assay of the coelenterazine luciferase activity	p. 368
Assay of the stabilized forms of coelenterazine	p. 369
Assay of dehydrocoelenterazine	p. 370
Assay of Cypridina luciferin	p. 370
Assay of Cypridina luciferase	p. 371
Assay of Ca2+-sensitive photoproteins	p. 372
Measuring bioluminescence in the field	p. 373
18O-Labeling of the Reaction Product CO2	p. 374
Glassblowing	p. 378
Advice to Students Who are Interested in Studying the Chemistry of Bioluminescence	p. 379
References	p. 383
Index	p. 457
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.