Foundations of Computer Science: From Data Manipulation to Theory of Computation: FOROUZAN;A/: 9780534391430: Book: Computers: eCampus.com

This text successfully addresses the need to provide students with an overview of the many disciplines within computer science. Behrouz Forouzan has developed a five-part approach to introduce students to different aspects of the discipline without overwhelming them with technical detail.

PART I COMPUTER AND DATA

(68)

Introduction

(12)

The Computer as a Black Box

(2)

Data Processor

(1)

Programmable Data Processor

(2)

von Neumann Model

(1)

Four Subsystems

(1)

Stored Program Concept

(1)

Sequential Execution of Instructions

(1)

Computer Hardware

(1)

Data

(1)

Storing Data

(1)

Organizing Data

(1)

Computer Software

(2)

Programs Must Be Stored

(1)

A Sequence of Instructions

(1)

Algorithms

(1)

Languages

(1)

Software Engineering

(1)

Operating Systems

(1)

History

(2)

Mechanical Machines (Before 1930)

(1)

Birth of Electronic Computers (1930--1950)

(2)

Key Terms

(1)

Summary

(1)

Practice Set

(3)

Data Representation

(13)

Data Types

(1)

Data inside the Computer

(2)

Bit

(1)

Bit Pattern

(1)

Byte

(1)

Representing Data

(4)

Text

(2)

Numbers

(1)

Images

(1)

Audio

(1)

Video

(1)

Hexadecimal Notation

(2)

Conversion

(1)

Octal Notation

(1)

Conversion

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Summary

(1)

Practice Set

(2)

Number Representation

(23)

Decimal and Binary

(1)

Decimal System

(1)

Binary System

(1)

Conversion

(1)

Binary to Decimal Conversion

(1)

Decimal to Binary Conversion

(1)

Integer Representation

(10)

Unsigned Integers Format

(2)

Sign-and-Magnitude Format

(2)

One's Complement Format

(2)

Two's Complement Format

(2)

Summary of Integer Representation

(1)

Excess System

(1)

Floating-Point Representation

(4)

Converting to Binary

(2)

Normalization

(1)

Sign, Exponent, and Mantissa

(1)

IEEE Standards

(2)

Hexadecimal Notation

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Summary

(1)

Practice Set

(5)

Operations on Bits

(19)

Arithmetic Operations

(4)

Arithmetic Operations on Integers

(3)

Arithmetic Operations on Floating-Point Numbers

(1)

Logical Operations

(8)

Truth Tables

(1)

Unary Operator

(1)

Binary Operators

(3)

Applications

(3)

Shift Operations

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Summary

(1)

Practice Set

(4)

PART II COMPUTER HARDWARE

(52)

Computer Organization

(29)

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

(1)

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

(1)

Registers

(1)

Control Unit

(1)

Main Memory

(4)

Address Space

(2)

Memory Types

(1)

Memory Hierarchy

(1)

Cache Memory

(1)

Input/Output

(7)

Nonstorage Devices

(1)

Storage Devices

(7)

Subsystem Interconnection

(4)

Connecting CPU and Memory

(1)

Connecting I/O Devices

(2)

Addressing Input/Output Devices

(1)

Program Execution

(5)

Machine Cycle

(1)

A Machine Cycle Example

(1)

Input/Output Operation

(3)

Two Different Architectures

(1)

CISC

(1)

RISC

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Summary

(1)

Practice Set

(5)

Computer Networks

(22)

Networks, Large and Small

100

(1)

Model and Protocol

100

(1)

OSI Model

100

(3)

Seven Layers

100

(1)

Functions of the Layers

101

(2)

Categories of Networks

103

(2)

Local Area Network (LAN)

103

(1)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

104

(1)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

104

(1)

Connecting Devices

105

(4)

Repeaters

106

(1)

Bridges

107

(1)

Routers

108

(1)

Gateways

108

(1)

The Internet and TCP/IP

109

(7)

Physical and Data-Link Layers

110

(1)

Network Layer

110

(1)

Transport Layer

111

(1)

Application Layer

111

(5)

Key Terms

116

(1)

Summary

116

(1)

Practice Set

117

(4)

PART III COMPUTER SOFTWARE

121

(92)

Operating Systems

122

(19)

Definition

123

(1)

Evolution

123

(1)

Batch Systems

123

(1)

Time-Sharing Systems

123

(1)

Personal Systems

124

(1)

Parallel Systems

124

(1)

Distributed Systems

124

(1)

Components

124

(12)

Memory Manager

125

(4)

Process Manager

129

(6)

Device Manager

135

(1)

File Manager

135

(1)

User Interface

136

(1)

Popular Operating Systems

136

(1)

Windows 2000

136

(1)

UNIX

136

(1)

Linux

136

(1)

Key Terms

137

(1)

Summary

137

(1)

Practice Set

138

(3)

Algorithms

141

(25)

Concept

142

(3)

Informal Definition

142

(1)

Example

142

(2)

Defining Actions

144

(1)

Refinement

144

(1)

Generalization

144

(1)

Three Constructs

145

(1)

Sequence

146

(1)

Decision

146

(1)

Repetition

146

(1)

Algorithm Representation

146

(4)

Flowchart

146

(1)

Pseudocode

146

(4)

More Formal Definition

150

(1)

Ordered Set

150

(1)

Unambiguous Steps

150

(1)

Produce a Result

150

(1)

Terminate in a Finite Time

150

(1)

Subalgorithms

150

(2)

Structure Chart

152

(1)

Basic Algorithms

152

(8)

Summation

152

(1)

Product

152

(1)

Smallest and Largest

153

(1)

Sorting

153

(5)

Searching

158

(2)

Recursion

160

(2)

Iterative Definition

160

(1)

Recursive Definition

161

(1)

Key Terms

162

(1)

Summary

162

(1)

Practice Set

163

(3)

Programming Languages

166

(29)

Evolution

167

(2)

Machine Languages

167

(1)

Symbolic Languages

168

(1)

High-Level Languages

168

(1)

Natural Languages

169

(1)

Building a Program

169

(2)

Writing and Editing Programs

169

(1)

Compiling Programs

170

(1)

Linking Programs

170

(1)

Program Execution

171

(1)

Categories of Languages

171

(8)

Procedural (Imperative) Languages

172

(1)

Object-Oriented Languages

173

(2)

Functional Languages

175

(1)

Declarative (Logic) Languages

176

(1)

Special Languages

177

(2)

A Procedural Language: C

179

(10)

Identifiers

179

(1)

Data Types

179

(1)

Variables

180

(1)

Constants

181

(1)

Input and Output

182

(1)

Expressions

182

(1)

Statements

183

(1)

Functions

184

(2)

Selection

186

(1)

Repetition

187

(2)

Derived Data Types

189

(1)

Recursion

189

(1)

Key Terms

189

(1)

Summary

190

(1)

Practice Set

191

(4)

Software Engineering

195

(18)

Software Life Cycle

196

(2)

Analysis Phase

197

(1)

Design Phase

197

(1)

Implementation Phase

197

(1)

Testing Phase

198

(1)

Development Process Models

198

(2)

Waterfall Model

198

(1)

Incremental Model

199

(1)

Modularity

200

(2)

Tools

200

(1)

Coupling

200

(1)

Cohesion

201

(1)

Quality

202

(4)

Quality Defined

202

(1)

Quality Factors

203

(2)

The Quality Circle

205

(1)

Documentation

206

(1)

User Documentation

206

(1)

System Documentation

206

(1)

Documentation as an Ongoing Process

207

(1)

Key Terms

207

(1)

Summary

208

(1)

Practice Set

208

(5)

PART IV DATA ORGANIZATION

213

(76)

Data Structures

214

(13)

Arrays

215

(4)

Array Applications

217

(1)

Two-Dimensional Arrays

218

(1)

Records

219

(1)

Accessing Records

220

(1)

Linked Lists

220

(3)

Nodes

221

(1)

Pointers to Linked Lists

221

(1)

Operations on Linked Lists

221

(2)

Key Terms

223

(1)

Summary

224

(1)

Practice Set

224

(3)

Abstract Data Types

227

(29)

Background

228

(1)

Definition

228

(1)

Model for an Abstract Data Type

229

(1)

Operations on ADTs

229

(1)

Linear Lists

229

(3)

Operations on Linear Lists

230

(2)

Implementation of a General Linear List

232

(1)

Linear List Applications

232

(1)

Stacks

232

(3)

Operations on Stacks

233

(1)

Implementation of a Stack

234

(1)

Stack Applications

234

(1)

Queues

235

(2)

Operations on Queues

235

(2)

Implementation of a Queue

237

(1)

Queue Applications

237

(1)

Trees

237

(2)

Basic Tree Concepts

237

(2)

Operations on Trees

239

(1)

Binary Trees

239

(5)

Operations on Binary Trees

241

(2)

Implementation of a Binary Tree

243

(1)

Binary Tree Applications

243

(1)

Graphs

244

(5)

Terminology

244

(1)

Operations on Graphs

245

(2)

Implementation of a Graph

247

(1)

Graph Applications

248

(1)

Key Terms

249

(1)

Summary

249

(2)

Practice Set

251

(5)

File Structures

256

(14)

Access Methods

257

(1)

Sequential Access

257

(1)

Random Access

257

(1)

Sequential Files

257

(2)

Updating Sequential Files

258

(1)

Indexed Files

259

(2)

Inverted Files

260

(1)

Hashed Files

261

(4)

Hashing Methods

261

(2)

Collision

263

(2)

Text versus Binary

265

(1)

Text Files

265

(1)

Binary Files

266

(1)

Key Terms

266

(1)

Summary

266

(1)

Practice Set

267

(3)

Databases

270

(19)

Database Management System

271

(1)

Architecture

272

(1)

Internal Level

272

(1)

Conceptual Level

272

(1)

External Level

272

(1)

Database Models

273

(1)

Hierarchical Model

273

(1)

Network Model

273

(1)

Relational Model

274

(1)

Relational Model

274

(1)

Relation

274

(1)

Operations on Relations

275

(4)

Insert

275

(1)

Delete

275

(1)

Update

276

(1)

Select

276

(1)

Project

277

(1)

Join

277

(1)

Union

277

(1)

Intersection

278

(1)

Difference

278

(1)

Structured Query Language

279

(3)

Statements

279

(3)

Other Database Models

282

(1)

Distributed Databases

282

(1)

Object-Oriented Databases

282

(1)

Key Terms

283

(1)

Summary

283

(1)

Practice Set

284

(5)

PART V ADVANCED TOPICS

289

(46)

Data Compression

290

(16)

Lossless Compression

291

(7)

Run-Length Encoding

291

(1)

Huffman Coding

292

(2)

Lempel Ziv Encoding

294

(4)

Lossy Compression Methods

298

(5)

Image Compression: JPEG

298

(3)

Video Compression: MPEG

301

(2)

Key Terms

303

(1)

Summary

303

(1)

Practice Set

303

(3)

Security

306

(11)

Privacy

307

(1)

Authentication

307

(1)

Integrity

307

(1)

Nonrepudiation

307

(1)

Privacy

307

(4)

Encryption/Decryption

307

(4)

Privacy Using the Combination

311

(1)

Digital Signature

311

(3)

Signing the Whole Document

312

(1)

Signing the Digest

312

(2)

Key Terms

314

(1)

Summary

314

(1)

Practice Set

315

(2)

Theory of Computation

317

(18)

Simple Language

318

(3)

Increment Statement

318

(1)

Decrement Statement

318

(1)

Loop Statement

318

(1)

Power of the Simple Language

318

(3)

Conclusion

321

(1)

Turing Machine

321

(5)

Turing Machine Components

321

(2)

Simulation of Simple Language

323

(2)

Conclusion

325

(1)

Godel Numbers

326

(1)

Representing a Program

326

(1)

Interpreting a Number

327

(1)

Halting Problem

327

(2)

Halting Problem is not Solvable

328

(1)

Solvable and Unsolvable Problems

329

(2)

Unsolvable Problems

329

(1)

Solvable Problems

330

(1)

Key Terms

331

(1)

Summary

331

(1)

Practice Set

332

(3)

Appendix A ASCII Code

335

(4)

Appendix B Unicode

339

(4)

Alphabets

340

(1)

Symbols and Punctuation Marks

341

(1)

CJK Auxiliaries

341

(1)

CJK Unified Ideographs

341

(1)

Surrogates

342

(1)

Private Use

342

(1)

Miscellaneous Characters and Symbols

342

(1)

Appendix C Flowcharts

343

(7)

C.1 Auxiliary Symbols

344

(1)

Start and Stop

344

(1)

Flow Lines

345

(1)

Connectors

345

(1)

C.2 Main Symbols

345

(5)

Sequence Statements

345

(2)

Selection Statements

347

(1)

Looping Statements

348

(2)

Appendix D Pseudocode

350

(3)

D.1 Components

351

(2)

Algorithm Header

351

(1)

Purpose, Conditions, and Return

351

(1)

Statement Numbers

351

(1)

Statement Constructs

351

(1)

Sequence

352

(1)

Selection

352

(1)

Loop

352

(1)

Appendix E Structure Charts

353

(5)

E.1 Structure Chart Symbols

354

(2)

Function Symbol

354

(1)

Selection in Structure Charts

355

(1)

Loops in Structure Charts

355

(1)

Data Flows

356

(1)

Reading Structure Charts

356

(1)

Rules of Structure Charts

357

(1)

Appendix F Discrete Cosine Transform

358

(2)

F.1 Discrete Cosine Transform

359

(1)

F.2 Inverse Transform

359

(1)

Appendix G Acronyms

360

(1)

Glossary

361

(16)

Index

377


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