Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices

Edition:

6th

Author(s):

Hartmann, Hudson Thomas; Kester, Dale E.; Davies, Fred T., Jr.; Geneve, Robert L.

ISBN13:

9780132061032

ISBN10:

0132061031

Format:

Hardcover

Pub. Date:

1/1/1997

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall

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Summary

Hallmarked as the most successful book of its kind, this remarkably thorough book covers all aspects of the propagation of plants - both sexual and asexual - with considerable attention given to human (vs natural) efforts to increase plant numbers. The latest applied techniques and theories of propagation are discussed. A greater emphasis to the rapidly growing area of tissue culture micropropagation is addressed. Explores developments in propagation equipment and facilities. Expands chapters on cutting-propagation to include research on adventitious root production. Techniques for rooting cuttings are provided.

Preface

PART I GENERAL ASPECTS OF PROPAGATION

Introduction

(8)

The Role of Plant Propagation in Human History

(1)

Evolution of Plant Propagation

(3)

The Development of Nurseries

(1)

The Modern Plant Propagation Industry

(1)

Plant Propagation Organizations

(3)

Biology of Propagation

(31)

Genetic Control in Propagation: Sexual Versus Asexual

(7)

Plant Development, Gene Expression, and Epigenetic Variation

(3)

The Concept of Hormonal Control of Plant Growth and Development

(6)

Life Cycles in Plants

(5)

Plant Nomenclature and the Concept of the Cultivar

(9)

Environmental Factors of Propagation

(65)

Fundamental Microclimatic and Edaphic Factors in the Propagation Environment

(4)

Managing the Propagation Environment

(17)

Containers for Propagating and Growing Young Liner Plants

(6)

Management of Edaphic Factors in Propagation and Liner Production

(10)

Management of Microclimatic Factors in Propagation and Liner Production

(5)

Biotic Factors---Pathogen and Pest Management in Plant Propagation

(11)

Post-Propagation Care of Liners

(11)

PART II SEED PROPAGATION

Principles and Practices of Seed Selection

105

(20)

Uses of Seeds in Propagation

106

(1)

Seed Selection in Herbaceous Plant Species

106

(1)

Seed Selection in Woody Plant Species

106

(11)

Categories of Seed-Propagated Woody Plants

117

(1)

Seed Selection and Production Systems

118

(2)

Legal Controls to Genetic Purity

120

(1)

Summary

121

(4)

The Development of Seeds

125

(22)

Introduction

125

(1)

What is a Seed?

126

(2)

Formation of the Fruit, Seed, and Embryo

128

(6)

Polyembryony and Apomixis

134

(7)

Plant Hormones and Seed Development

141

(2)

Ripening and Dissemination

143

(4)

Techniques of Seed Production and Handling

147

(30)

Sources of Seed

147

(2)

Harvesting and Processing Seeds

149

(4)

Seed Testing

153

(14)

Seed Storage

167

(10)

Principles of Propagation by Seed

177

(39)

The Germination Process

177

(17)

Dormancy: Regulation of Germination

194

(22)

Techniques of Propagation by Seed

216

(23)

Seed Propagation Systems

216

(8)

Field Nurseries for Transplant Production

224

(3)

Production of Transplants Under Protected Conditions

227

(12)

PART III VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

Selection and Management of Clones in Vegetative Propagation

239

(37)

History

239

(1)

Reasons for Using Clonal Cultivars

240

(2)

Genetic Basis of Clones

242

(8)

Nongenetic Variation Within Clones

250

(8)

Pathogens and Plant Propagation

258

(1)

Management of Sources for Vegetative Propagation

259

(7)

Propagation Sources and their Management

266

(4)

Summary

270

(6)

The Biology of Propagation by Cuttings

276

(53)

Descriptive Observations of Adventitious Root and Bud Formation

277

(10)

Correlative Effects: How Hormonal Control Affects Adventitious Root and Bud Formation

287

(5)

The Biochemical Basis for Adventitious Root Formation

292

(3)

Molecular/Biotechnological Advances in Asexual Propagation

295

(3)

Factors Affecting Regeneration of Plants From Cuttings

298

(10)

Treatment of Cuttings

308

(4)

Environmental Manipulation of Cuttings

312

(17)

Techniques of Propagation by Cuttings

329

(63)

The Importance and Advantages of Propagation by Cuttings

329

(1)

Types of Cuttings

330

(14)

Stock Plants: Sources of Cutting Material

344

(5)

Rooting Media

349

(4)

Wounding

353

(2)

Treating Cuttings With Auxins

355

(7)

Preventive Disease Control

362

(1)

Environmental Conditions for Rooting Leafy Cuttings

363

(10)

Preparing the Propagation Bed, Bench, Rooting Flats, and Containers and Inserting the Cuttings

373

(1)

Preventing Operation Problems with Mist Propagation

373

(1)

Management Practices

374

(3)

Cutting Nutrition

377

(1)

Care of Cuttings During Rooting

378

(2)

Cold Storage of Rooted and Unrooted Cuttings

380

(3)

Handling Field-Propagated Plants

383

(2)

Container-Grown Plants and Alternative Field Production Systems

385

(7)

The Biology of Grafting

392

(45)

The History of Grafting

393

(1)

Terminology

393

(2)

Reasons for Grafting and Budding

395

(5)

Natural Grafting

400

(1)

Formation of the Graft Union

401

(5)

Graft Union Formation in T-and Chip Budding

406

(3)

Factors Influencing Graft Union Success

409

(4)

Polarity in Grafting

413

(1)

Genetic Limits of Grafting

414

(2)

Graft Incompatibility

416

(9)

Scion-Rootstock (Shoot-Root) Relationships

425

(12)

Techniques of Grafting

437

(44)

Types of Grafts

438

(1)

Detached Scion Graftage

439

(18)

Approach Graftage

457

(1)

Repair Graftage

458

(3)

Production Processes of Graftage

461

(8)

The Craftmanship of Grafting

469

(1)

Aftercare of Grafted Plants

470

(2)

Grafting Systems

472

(9)

Techniques of Budding

481

(21)

Rootstocks for Budding

482

(1)

Time of Budding---Fall, Spring, or June

482

(5)

Types of Budding

487

(11)

Top-Budding (Topworking)

498

(1)

Double-Working by Budding

498

(2)

Microbudding

500

(2)

Layering and its Natural Modifications

502

(18)

Physiology of Regeneration by Layering

503

(1)

Management of Plants During Layering

503

(1)

Procedures in Layering

503

(10)

Plant Modifications Resulting in Natural Layering

513

(7)

Propagation by Specialized Stems and Roots

520

(29)

Bulbs

520

(14)

Corms

534

(2)

Tubers

536

(2)

Tuberous Roots and Stems

538

(2)

Rhizomes

540

(3)

Pseudobulbs

543

(6)

PART IV METHODS OF MICROPROPAGATION

Principles of Tissue Culture for Micropropagation

549

(41)

Introduction

549

(3)

Reproduction of Seedling Plants in Tissue Culture

552

(4)

Micropropagation of Plantlets from Tissue Culture

556

(7)

Types of Systems Used to Regenerate Plantlets by Micropropagation (Table 17-1)

563

(4)

Callus, Cell, and Protoplast Culture Systems

567

(5)

Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed Production

572

(4)

Control of the Tissue Culture Environment

576

(1)

Special Problems Encountered by In Vitro Culture

577

(1)

Variation in Micropropagated Plants

578

(12)

Techniques of In Vitro Culture for Micropropagation and Biotechnology

590

(35)

Introduction

590

(1)

Characteristics of Micropropagation

590

(2)

Disadvantages of Micropropagation

592

(1)

General Laboratory Facilities and Procedures

592

(9)

Micropropagation Procedures

601

(1)

Stage I---Establishment and Stabilization

601

(3)

Stage II---Shoot Multiplication

604

(1)

Stage III---Root Formation

605

(3)

Stage IV---Acclimatization to Greenhouse Conditions

608

(1)

Specific Protocols for Aseptic Culture

608

(1)

Somatic Embryogenesis and the Production of Synthetic Seeds

609

(2)

Methods for Micropropagating Representative Horticulture Crops

611

(14)

PART V PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PLANTS

Propagation Methods and Rootstocks for Important Fruit and Nut Species

625

(42)

Propagation of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines

667

(58)

Propagation of Selected Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials Used as Ornamentals

725

(33)

Indexes

758

(1)

Subject Index

758

Plant Index, Scientific Names

765

(2)

Plant Index, Common

768

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