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9780309069397

Copper in Drinking Water

  • ISBN13:

    9780309069397

  • ISBN10:

    0309069394

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2000-04-01
  • Publisher: Natl Academy Pr
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Summary

The safety of the nation's drinking water must be maintained to ensure the health of the public. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating the levels of substances in the drinking water supply. Copper can leach into drinking water from the pipes in the distribution system, and the allowable levels are regulated by the EPA. The regulation of copper, however, is complicated by the fact that it is both necessary to the normal functioning of the body and toxic to the body at too high a level.The National Research Council was requested to form a committee to review the scientific validity of the EPA's maximum contaminant level goal for copper in drinking water. Copper in Drinking Water outlines the findings of the committee's review. The book provides a review of the toxicity of copper as well as a discussion of the essential nature of this metal. The risks posed by both short-term and long-term exposure to copper are characterized, and the implications for publichealth are,discussed. This book is a valuable reference for individuals involved in the regulation of water supplies and individuals interested in issues surrounding this metal.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 1(9)
Introduction
9(7)
Chemical and Physical Properties
11(1)
Sources of Copper in Drinking Water
12(1)
Committee's Approach to its Charge
12(1)
Structure of the Report
13(1)
References
14(2)
Physiological Role of Copper
16(17)
Essentiality
16(1)
Biochemistry and Physiology
17(4)
Factors Affecting Bioavailability
21(5)
Conclusions
26(1)
Recommendations
26(1)
References
27(6)
Health Effects of Copper Deficiencies
33(18)
Teratogenesis of Copper Deficiency
33(9)
Health Effects of Copper Deficiencies in Adults
42(1)
Conclusions
43(2)
References
45(6)
Disorders of Copper Homeostasis
51(27)
Menkes Disease
51(2)
Occipital Horn Syndrome
53(2)
Wilson Disease
55(1)
Genetic Characteristics of Wilson and Menkes Diseases
56(2)
Heterozygotes for Wilson Disease
58(4)
Aceruloplasminemia
62(2)
Tyrolean Infantile Cirrhosis
64(1)
Indian Childhood Cirrhosis
64(1)
Idiopathic Copper Toxicosis
65(1)
Other Genetic Disorders
65(1)
Disease-Induced Changes in Copper Homeostasis
66(1)
Conclusions
67(1)
Recommendations
68(1)
References
69(9)
Health Effects of Excess Copper
78(49)
Acute Toxicity
78(9)
Chronic Toxicity
87(8)
Animal Studies
95(16)
Conclusions
111(1)
Recommendations
112(1)
References
113(14)
Risk Characterization
127(1)
Copper Deficiency
127(3)
Copper Toxicity from Single or Short-Term Exposure
130(2)
Copper Toxicity from Chronic Exposure
132(6)
Chronic Copper Exposure Through Tap Water
138(1)
Dietary Contribution and Total Copper Intake
139(2)
Conclusions
141(3)
Recommendations
144(1)
References
145

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