Israeli Settlement Assistance to Zambia, Nigeria and Nepal

This study highlights the evolution of Israeli-assisted cooperative settlements set up in Zambia, Nigeria and Nepal in the 1960s. It looks into the background of Israelbs settlement assistance and describes the features, effects and sustainability of the projects. It shows that seven clusters of factors contributed to successes and failures. Some clusters, such as wealth, educational level, the structure and ideology of the elites and ethnicity, refer to the situation of the three LDCs during planning and implementation. Others are specifically bIsraelib variables, such as architecture and physical planning, the relations inside Israelbs assistance bureaucracies and the evolution of agriculture in Israel. The start of Israeli assistance in each country was also decisive for the course of the project. Last, but not least, the study shows that major developments such as the oil crisis, the decline in copper prices (Zambia), the Biafran war (Nigeria) and rapid population growth (Nepal) had a profound influence on the projectsb development.