Computer Networks And Internets: Comer, Douglas E.; Droms, Ralph E.: 9780130836175: Book: Computers: eCampus.com

If you really want to understand how computer networks and Internets operate, leading networking authority Douglas Comer has written a superb introduction. Comer helps readers to understand hardware, packet switching, internetworking and network applications, and covers new technologies, including ADSL, cable modems, CORBA and COM/DCOM.

Preface

xix

Introduction

(6)

Growth Of Computer Networking

(1)

Complexity in Network Systems

(1)

Mastering The Complexity

(1)

Concepts And Terminology

(1)

Organization Of The Text

(1)

Summary

(3)

Motivation And Tools

(12)

Introduction

(1)

Resource Sharing

(1)

Growth Of the Internet

(3)

Probing the Internet

(1)

Interpreting A Ping Response

(1)

Tracing A Route

(1)

Summary

(5)

PART I Data Transmission

Transmission Media

(10)

Introduction

(1)

Copper Wires

(2)

Glass Fibers

(1)

Radio

(1)

Satellities

(1)

Geosynchronous Satellites

(1)

Low Earth Orbit Satellites

(1)

Low Earth Orbit Satellite Arrays

(1)

Microwave

(1)

Infrared

(1)

Light From A Laser

(1)

Summary

(3)

Local Asynchronous Communication (RS-232)

(12)

Introduction

(1)

The Need For Asynchronous Communication

(1)

Using Electric Current To Send Bits

(1)

Standards For Communication

(2)

Baud Rate, Framing, And Errors

(1)

Full Duplex Asynchronous Communication

(1)

Limitations Of Real Hardware

(1)

Hardware Bandwidth And The Transmission Of Bits

(1)

The Effect Of Noise On Communication

(1)

Significance For Data Networking

(1)

Summary

(3)

Long-Distance Communication (Carriers, Modulation, And Modems)

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Sending Signals Across Long Distances

(3)

Modem Hardware Used For Modulation And Demodulation

(1)

Leased Analog Data Circuits

(1)

Optical, Radio Frequency, And Dialup Modems

(1)

Carrier Frequencies and Multiplexing

(2)

Baseband And Broadband Technologies

(1)

Wave Division Multiplexing

(1)

Spread Spectrum

(1)

Time Division Multiplexing

(1)

Summary

(5)

PART II Packet Transmission

Packets, Frames, And Error Detection

(18)

Introduction

(1)

The Concept Of Packets

(2)

Packets and Time-Division Multiplexing

(1)

Packets And Hardware Frames

(1)

Byte Stuffing

(2)

Transmission Errors

(1)

Parity Bits And Parity Checking

(1)

Probability, Mathematics, And Error Detection

(1)

Detecting Errors With Checksums

(1)

Detecting Errors With Cyclic Redundancy Checks

(2)

Combining Building Blocks

(1)

Burst Errors

(1)

Frame Format And Error Detection Mechanisms

(1)

Summary

(5)

LAN Technologies And Network Topology

(20)

Introduction

(1)

Direct Point-to-Point Communication

(2)

Shared Communication Channels

(1)

Significance Of LANs And Locality Of Reference

(1)

LAN Topologies

(2)

Example Bus Network: Ethernet

(2)

Carrier Sense On Multi-Access Networks (CSMA)

(1)

Collision Detection And Backoff With CSMA/CD

(1)

Wireless LANs And CSMA/CA

(2)

Another Exaple Bus Network: LocalTalk

(1)

Example Ring Network: IBM Token Ring

(2)

Another Example Ring Network: FDDI

(2)

Example Star Network: ATM

(1)

Summary

(4)

Hardware Addressing And Frame Type Identification

(18)

Introduction

(1)

Specifying A Recipient

(1)

How LAN Hardware Uses Addresses To Filter Packets

(2)

Format Of A Physical Address

(1)

Broadcasting

(1)

Multicasting

(1)

Multicast Addressing

(1)

Identifying Packet Contents

100

(1)

Frame Headers And Frame Format

100

(1)

An Example Frame Format

101

(2)

Using Networks That Do Not Have Self-Identifying Frames

103

(2)

Network Analyzers, Physical Addresses, Frame Types

105

(1)

Summary

106

(2)

Ethernet Address Assignment

108

(3)

LAN Wiring, Physical Topology, And Interface Hardware

111

(16)

Introduction

111

(1)

Speeds Of LANs And Computers

111

(1)

Network Interface Hardware

112

(2)

The Connection Between A NIC and A Network

114

(1)

Original Thick Ethernet Wiring

114

(2)

Connection Multiplexing

116

(1)

Thin Ethernet Wiring

117

(1)

Twisted Pair Ethernet

118

(2)

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Wiring Schemes

120

(2)

The Topology Paradox

122

(1)

Network Interface Cards And Wiring Schemes

122

(2)

Wiring Schemes And Other Network Technologies

124

(1)

Summary

125

(2)

Extending LANs: Fiber Modems, Repeaters, Bridges, and Switches

127

(18)

Introduction

127

(1)

Distance Limitation And LAN Design

127

(1)

Fiber Optic Extensions

128

(1)

Repeaters

129

(3)

Bridges

132

(1)

Frame Filtering

133

(1)

Startup And Steady State Behavior Of Bridged Networks

134

(1)

Planning A Bridged Network

134

(1)

Bridging Between Buildings

135

(1)

Bridging Across Longer Distances

136

(2)

A Cycle Of Bridges

138

(1)

Distributed Spanning Tree

139

(1)

Switching

140

(1)

Combining switches and Hubs

141

(1)

Bridging And Switching With Other Technologies

141

(1)

Summary

142

(3)

Long-Distance Digital Connection Technologies

145

(22)

Introduction

145

(1)

Digital Telephony

145

(2)

Synchronous Communication

147

(1)

Digital Circuits And DSU/CSUs

148

(1)

Telephone Standards

149

(1)

DS Terminology And Data Rates

150

(1)

Lower Capacity Circuits

151

(1)

Intermediate Capacity Digital Circuits

151

(1)

Highest Capacity Circuits

152

(1)

Optical Carrier Standards

153

(1)

The C Suffix

153

(1)

Synchronous Optical NET work (SONET)

153

(2)

The Local Subscriber Loop

155

(1)

ISDN

155

(1)

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Technology

156

(3)

Other DSL Technologies

159

(1)

Cable Modem Technology

160

(1)

Upstream Communication

161

(1)

Hybrid Fiber Coax

162

(1)

Fiber To The Curb

163

(1)

Alternatives For Special Cases

163

(1)

Summary

164

(3)

WAN Technologies And Routing

167

(22)

Introduction

167

(1)

Large Networks And Wide Areas

167

(1)

Packet Switches

168

(1)

Forming A WAN

169

(1)

Store And Forward

170

(1)

Physical Addressing In a WAN

171

(1)

Next-Hop Forwarding

171

(2)

Source Independence

173

(1)

Relationship Of Hierarchical Addresses To Routing

173

(1)

Routing In A WAN

174

(2)

Use Of Default Routes

176

(1)

Routing Table Computation

177

(1)

Shortest Path Computation In a Graph

177

(3)

Distributed Route Computation

180

(1)

Distance Vector Routing

180

(2)

Link-State Routing (SPF)

182

(1)

Example WAN Technologies

182

(2)

Summary

184

(5)

Network Ownership, Service Paradigm, And Performance

189

(14)

Introduction

189

(1)

Network Ownership

190

(1)

Virtual Private Networks

191

(1)

Service Paradigm

192

(1)

Connection Duration And Persistence

193

(2)

Examples Of Service Paradigms

195

(1)

Addresses And Connection Identifiers

196

(1)

Network Performance Characteristics

197

(3)

Summary

200

(3)

Protocols And Layering

203

(20)

Introduction

203

(1)

The Need For Protocols

203

(1)

Protocol Suites

204

(1)

A Plan For Protocol Design

205

(1)

The Seven Layers

205

(2)

Stacks: Layered Software

207

(1)

How Layered Software Works

208

(1)

Multiple, Nested Headers

209

(1)

The Scientific Basis For Layering

209

(1)

Techniques Protocols Use

210

(8)

The Art Of Protocol Design

218

(1)

Summary

218

(5)

PART III Internetworking

Internetworking: Concepts, Architecture, and Protocols

223

(12)

Introduction

223

(1)

The Motivation For Internetworking

223

(1)

The Concept Of Universal Service

224

(1)

Universal Service In A Heterogeneous World

224

(1)

Internetworking

225

(1)

Physical Network Connection With Routers

225

(1)

Internet Architecture

226

(1)

Achieving Universal Service

227

(1)

A Virtual Network

227

(2)

Protocols For Internetworking

229

(1)

Significance Of Internetworking And TCP/IP

229

(1)

Layering And TCP/IP Protocols

230

(1)

Host Computers, Routers, And Protocol Layers

231

(1)

Summary

232

(3)

IP: Internet Protocol Addresses

235

(16)

Introduction

235

(1)

Addresses For The Virtual Internet

235

(1)

The IP Addressing Scheme

236

(1)

The IP Address Hierarchy

237

(1)

Classes Of IP Addresses

237

(2)

Computing The Class of An Address

239

(1)

Dotted Decimal Notation

240

(1)

Classes And Dotted Decimal Notation

240

(1)

Division Of The Address Space

241

(1)

Authority For Addresses

242

(1)

An Addressing Example

242

(1)

Special IP Addresses

243

(2)

Summary Of Special IP Addresses

245

(1)

The Berkeley Broadcast Address From

246

(1)

Routers And The IP Addressing Principle

246

(1)

Multi-Homed Hosts

247

(1)

Summary

248

(3)

Binding Protocol Addresses (ARP)

251

(16)

Introduction

251

(1)

Protocol Addresses And Packet Delivery

252

(1)

Address Resolution

252

(1)

Address Resolution Techniques

253

(1)

Address Resolution With Table Lookup

254

(1)

Address Resolution With Closed-Form Computation

255

(1)

Address Resolution With Message Exchange

256

(1)

Address Resolution Protocol

257

(1)

ARP Message Delivery

258

(1)

ARP Message Format

259

(1)

Sending An ARP Message

260

(1)

Identifying ARP Frames

261

(1)

Caching ARP Responses

261

(1)

Processing An Incoming ARP Message

262

(1)

Layering, Address Resolution, Protocol Addresses

263

(1)

Summary

264

(3)

IP Datagrams And Datagram Forwarding

267

(10)

Introduction

267

(1)

Connectionless Service

267

(1)

Virtual Packets

268

(1)

The IP Datagram

269

(1)

Forwarding An IP Datagram

270

(1)

IP Addresses And Routing Table Entries

271

(1)

The Mask Field And Datagram Forwarding

272

(1)

Destination And Next-Hop Addresses

272

(1)

Best-Effort Delivery

273

(1)

The IP Datagram Header Format

274

(1)

Summary

275

(2)

IP Encapsulation, Fragmentation, And Reassembly

277

(10)

Introduction

277

(1)

Datagram Transmission And Frames

277

(1)

Encapsulation

278

(1)

Transmission Across An Internet

279

(1)

MTU, Datagram Size, And Encapsulation

280

(2)

Reassembly

282

(1)

Identifying A Datagram

282

(1)

Fragment Loss

283

(1)

Fragmenting A Fragment

283

(1)

Summary

284

(3)

The Future IP (IPv6)

287

(12)

Introduction

287

(1)

The Success Of IP

287

(1)

The Motivation For Change

288

(1)

A Name And A Version Number

289

(1)

Characterization Of Features In IPv6

289

(1)

IPv6 Datagram Format

290

(1)

IPv6 Base Header Format

290

(2)

How IPv6 Handles Multiple Headers

292

(1)

Fragmentation, Reassembly, And Path MTU

293

(1)

The Purpose Of Multiple Headers

294

(1)

IPv6 Addressing

295

(1)

IPv6 Colon Hexadecimal Notation

296

(1)

Summary

296

(3)

An Error Reporting Mechanism (ICMP)

299

(10)

Introduction

299

(1)

Best-Effort Semantics And Error Detection

299

(1)

Internet Control Message Protocol

300

(3)

ICMP Message Transport

303

(1)

Using ICMP Messages To Test Reachability

304

(1)

Using ICMP To Trace A Route

304

(1)

Using ICMP For Path MTU Discovery

305

(1)

Summary

306

(3)

TCP: Reliable Transport Service

309

(14)

Introduction

309

(1)

The Need For Reliable Transport

309

(1)

The Transmission Control Protocol

310

(1)

The Service TCP Provides To Applications

310

(1)

End-To-End Service And Datagrams

311

(1)

Achieving Reliability

312

(1)

Packet Loss And Retransmission

313

(1)

Adaptive Retransmission

314

(1)

Comparison Of Retransmission Times

315

(1)

Buffers, Flow Control, And Windows

315

(2)

Three-Way Handshake

317

(1)

Congestion Control

318

(1)

TCP Segment Format

318

(1)

Summary

319

(4)

PART IV Network Applications

Client-Server Interaction

323

(14)

Introduction

323

(1)

The Functionality Application Software Provides

324

(1)

The Functionality An Internet Provides

324

(1)

Making Contact

325

(1)

The Client-Server Paradigm

325

(1)

Characteristics Of Clients And Servers

325

(1)

Server Programs And Server-Class Computers

326

(1)

Requests, Responses, And Direction Of Data Flow

326

(1)

Transport Protocols and Client-Server Interaction

327

(1)

Multiple Services On One Computer

328

(1)

Identifying A Particular Service

329

(1)

Multiple Copies Of A Server For A Single Service

329

(1)

Dynamic Server Creation

330

(1)

Transport Protocols And Unambiguous Communication

330

(1)

Connection-Oriented And Connectionless Transport

331

(1)

A Service Reachable Through Multiple Protocols

331

(1)

Complex Client-Server Interactions

332

(1)

Interactions And Circular Dependencies

333

(1)

Summary

333

(4)

The Socket Interface

337

(14)

Introduction

337

(1)

Application Program Interface

337

(1)

The Socket API

338

(1)

Sockets And Socket Libraries

338

(1)

Socket Communication And UNIX I/O

339

(1)

Sockets, Descriptors, And Network I/O

340

(1)

Parameters And The Socket API

340

(1)

Procedures That Implement The Socket API

341

(6)

Read And Write With Sockets

347

(1)

Other Socket Procedures

347

(1)

Sockets, Threads, And Inheritance

348

(1)

Summary

348

(3)

Example Of A Client And A Server

351

(14)

Introduction

351

(1)

Connection-Oriented Communication

351

(1)

An Example Service

352

(1)

Command-Line Arguments For The Example Programs

352

(1)

Sequence Of Socket Procedure Calls

352

(2)

Code For Example Client

354

(3)

Code For Example Server

357

(2)

Stream Service And Multiple Recv Calls

359

(1)

Socket Procedures And Blocking

360

(1)

Size Of The Code And Error Reporting

360

(1)

Using The Example Client With Another Service

361

(1)

Using Another Client To Test The Server

361

(1)

Summary

362

(3)

Naming With The Domain Name System

365

(16)

Introduction

365

(1)

Structure Of Computer Names

366

(2)

Geographic Structure

368

(1)

Domain Names Within An Organization

368

(2)

The DNS Client-Server Model

370

(1)

The DNS Server Hierarchy

370

(1)

Server Architectures

371

(2)

Locality Of Reference And Multiple Servers

373

(1)

Links Among Servers

373

(1)

Resolving A Name

373

(2)

Optimization Of DNS Performance

375

(1)

Types Of DNS Entries

376

(1)

Aliases Using The CNAME Type

376

(1)

An Important Consequence Of Multiple Types

377

(1)

Abbreviations And The DNS

377

(1)

Summary

378

(3)

Electronic Mail Representation And Transfer

381

(16)

Introduction

381

(1)

The Electronic Mail Paradigm

381

(1)

Electronic Mailboxes And Addresses

382

(1)

Electronic Mail Message Format

383

(2)

Carbon Copies

385

(1)

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

385

(2)

E-mail And Application Programs

387

(1)

Mail Transfer

387

(1)

The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

388

(1)

Optimizing For Multiple Recipients On A Computer

388

(1)

Mail Exploders, Lists, And Forwarders

388

(1)

Mail Gateways

389

(1)

Automated Mailing Lists

390

(1)

Mail Relays And E-mail Addresses

391

(1)

Mailbox Access

392

(1)

Dialup Connections And POP

393

(1)

Summary

394

(3)

File Transfer And Remote File Access

397

(20)

Introduction

397

(1)

Data Transfer And Distributed Computation

397

(1)

Saving Intermediate Results

398

(1)

Generalized File Transfer

398

(1)

Interactive And Batch Transfer Paradigms

399

(1)

The File Transfer Protocol

400

(1)

FTP General Model And User Interface

400

(1)

FTP Commands

401

(1)

Connections, Authorization, And File Permissions

402

(1)

Anonymous File Access

403

(1)

File Transfer In Either Direction

403

(1)

Wildcard Expansion In File Names

404

(1)

File Name Translation

404

(1)

Changing Directories And Listing Contents

404

(1)

File Types And Transfer Modes

405

(1)

Example Of Using FTP

406

(4)

Verbose Output

410

(1)

Client-Server Interaction In FTP

410

(1)

Control And Data Connections

410

(1)

Data Connections And End Of File

411

(1)

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

412

(1)

Network File System

412

(1)

Summary

413

(4)

World Wide Web Pages And Browsing

417

(16)

Introduction

417

(1)

Browser Interface

417

(1)

Hypertext And Hypermedia

418

(1)

Document Representation

418

(1)

HTML Format And Representation

419

(2)

Example HTML Formatting Tags

421

(1)

Headings

421

(1)

Lists

422

(1)

Embedding Graphics Images In A Web Page

422

(1)

Identifying A Page

423

(1)

Hypertext Links From One Document To Another

424

(1)

Client-Server Interaction

425

(1)

Web Document Transport And HTTP

426

(1)

Browser Architecture

426

(1)

Optional Clients

427

(1)

Caching In Web Browsers

428

(1)

Summary

429

(4)

CGI Technology For Dynamic Web Documents

433

(16)

Introduction

433

(1)

Three Basic Types of Web Documents

434

(1)

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Each Document Type

434

(2)

Implementation Of Dynamic Documents

436

(1)

The CGI Standard

437

(1)

Output From A CGI Program

437

(1)

An Example CGI Program

438

(2)

Parameters And Environment Variables

440

(1)

State Information

441

(1)

A CGI Script With Long-Term State Information

441

(2)

A CGI Script With Short-Term State Information

443

(3)

Forms And Interaction

446

(1)

Summary

446

(3)

Java Technology For Active Web Documents

449

(20)

Introduction

449

(1)

An Early Form Of Continuous Update

450

(1)

Active Documents And Server Overhead

451

(1)

Active Document Representation And Translation

451

(2)

Java Technology

453

(1)

The Java Programming Language

453

(2)

The Java Run-Time Environment

455

(1)

The Java Library

456

(1)

A Graphics Toolkit

457

(1)

Using Java Graphics On A Particular Computer

458

(1)

Java Interpreters And Browsers

459

(1)

Compiling A Java Program

459

(1)

An Example Applet

460

(2)

Invoking An Applet

462

(1)

Example Of Interaction With A Browser

463

(2)

Errors And Exception Handling

465

(1)

Alternatives And Variations

465

(1)

Summary

466

(3)

RPC and Middleware

469

(12)

Introduction

469

(1)

Programming Clients And Servers

469

(1)

Remote Procedure Call Paradigm

470

(2)

RPC Paradigm

472

(2)

Communication Stubs

474

(1)

External Data Representation

475

(1)

Middleware And Object-Oriented Middleware

476

(2)

Summary

478

(3)

Network Management (SNMP)

481

(8)

Introduction

481

(1)

Managing An Internet

481

(1)

The Danger Of Hidden Failures

482

(1)

Network Management Software

483

(1)

Clients, Servers, Managers, And Agents

483

(1)

Simple Network Management Protocol

484

(1)

Fetch-Store Paradigm

484

(1)

The MIB And Object Names

485

(1)

The Variety Of MIB Variables

486

(1)

MIB Variables That Correspond To Arrays

486

(1)

Summary

487

(2)

Network Security

489

(10)

Introduction

489

(1)

Secure Networks And Policies

489

(1)

Aspects Of Security

490

(1)

Responsibility And Control

491

(1)

Integrity Mechanisms

491

(1)

Access Control And Passwords

492

(1)

Encryption And Privacy

492

(1)

Public Key Encryption

493

(1)

Authentication With Digital Signatures

493

(1)

Packet Filtering

494

(2)

Internet Firewall Concept

496

(1)

Summary

497

(2)

Initialization (Configuration)

499

(14)

Introduction

499

(1)

Bootstrapping

499

(1)

Starting Protocol Software

500

(1)

Protocol Parameters

500

(1)

Protocol Configuration

501

(1)

Examples Of Items That Need To Be Configured

501

(1)

Example Configuration: Using A Disk File

502

(1)

The Need To Automate Protocol Configuration

503

(1)

Methods For Automated Protocol Configuration

503

(1)

The Address Used To Find An Address

504

(1)

A Sequence Of Protocols Used During Bootstrap

505

(1)

Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)

505

(2)

Automatic Address Assignment

507

(1)

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

508

(1)

Optimizations In DHCP

509

(1)

DHCP Message Format

509

(1)

DHCP And Domain Names

510

(1)

Summary

511

(2)

Appendix 1 Glossary Of Networking Terms And Abbreviations

513

(32)

Appendix 2 The ASCII Character Set

545

(2)

Appendix 3 How To Use The CD-ROM Included With This Book

547

(6)

Bibliography

553

(10)

Index

563


	Buy Textbooks Sell Textbooks College Apparel Shop by School Virtual Bookstores	Order Status Shipping Rates Return Policy Marketplace Info F.A.S.T.	Contact Us Privacy Policy Legal Notices Site Security Employment	Help Desk eCampus Blog Affiliate Program Bulk Orders College Marketing

Need Help? eService@ecampus.com Copyright© 1999-2008
.