| Preface |
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xv | |
| PART I SOCIOLOGY OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS |
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1 | (52) |
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Chapter 1 Definitions and Perspectives |
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3 | (26) |
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The Four Elements of a Social Problem |
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6 | (6) |
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Individual or Social Damage |
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6 | (1) |
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Offense to a Powerful Group's Standards |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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Overabundance of Proposed Solutions |
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9 | (3) |
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The Role of the Social Scientist |
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12 | (4) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
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The Importance of Theories |
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16 | (1) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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16 | (8) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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16 | (4) |
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20 | (1) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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The Postmodernist Orientation |
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24 | (1) |
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Guiding Principles for Studying the Future |
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24 | (3) |
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We Can't Always Predict the Future, But We Do Invent It |
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25 | (1) |
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What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: Latent Effects |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Examine the Taken-For-Granted |
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26 | (1) |
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Use Scenarios to Examine Alternative Futures |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 The Individual in Modern Society: Alienation, Anomie, and Postmodernism |
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29 | (24) |
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Functionalists: Social Situations Create Individuals' Problems |
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30 | (5) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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Conflict Theorists: Alienation and Powerlessness |
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35 | (5) |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Interactionists: Searching for Meaningful Identities |
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40 | (5) |
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Individual Negotiation and Social Change |
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40 | (1) |
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Loss of Individualism: Society Packages Your New Identity |
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41 | (2) |
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Secularization and the Search for Meaning |
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43 | (2) |
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Postmodernism: A Break with the Past |
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45 | (1) |
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Adolescent and Young Adult Suicide |
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46 | (3) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
| PART II CHALLENGES TO INDIVIDUAL WELL-BEING |
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53 | (106) |
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Chapter 3 Alcohol and Drug Abuse |
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55 | (36) |
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The Sociohistorical Context |
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56 | (1) |
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Alcohol and Drug Use in International Context |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (5) |
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59 | (1) |
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Youth and Alchohol Consumption |
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60 | (1) |
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Gender-and Alcohol Consumption |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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Cocaine and Public Policy |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (4) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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Social Consequences of Drug Use |
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72 | (4) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Social Control and Solution Attempts |
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76 | (6) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (4) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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82 | (4) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (3) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Sexual Behavior |
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91 | (32) |
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The Cross-Cultural Context |
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92 | (1) |
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Past and Preliterate Societies |
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93 | (1) |
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Social Control of Sexual Intercourse |
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93 | (1) |
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Changing U.S. Patterns of Sexual Behavior |
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93 | (6) |
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The Rise and Decline of Casual Sex |
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94 | (1) |
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Casual Sex Not Personally Fulfilling |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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International Comparisons |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (6) |
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Homosexuality in Sociohistorical Context |
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100 | (1) |
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Homosexuality in the United States |
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101 | (1) |
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The Extent of Homosexuality |
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102 | (2) |
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Public Attitudes About Homosexuality |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (4) |
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The Victims of Pornography |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Pornography and The Internet |
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108 | (1) |
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International Comparisons |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (5) |
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The Sexual Career of a Prostitute |
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110 | (2) |
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Is Prostitution a Social Problem? |
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112 | (1) |
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International Comparisons |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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The Extent of Child Molestation |
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114 | (1) |
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Responding to the Problem |
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114 | (1) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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115 | (3) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Crime and Violence |
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123 | (36) |
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Crime, Laws, and Prosecution |
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124 | (1) |
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Laws and Norms of the Society |
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124 | (1) |
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Differential Enforcement of Laws |
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124 | (1) |
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Measuring the Extent of Crime |
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125 | (4) |
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Index Crimes and the Uniform Crime Report |
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125 | (1) |
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Victims and the National Crime Victimization Survey |
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126 | (3) |
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Violence in the United States |
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129 | (3) |
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Violence in Sociohistorical Context |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (5) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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What is Juvenile Delinquency? |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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Rethinking Juvenile Crime |
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141 | (1) |
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The Criminal Justice System |
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141 | (4) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (5) |
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Terrorism in Sociohistorical Context |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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How Effective is Terrorism? |
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149 | (1) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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150 | (3) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
| PART III CHALLENGES TO SOCIAL EQUALITY |
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159 | (96) |
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Chapter 6 Race and Ethnic Relations |
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161 | (29) |
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The Sociohistorical Context |
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162 | (1) |
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International Comparisons |
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162 | (2) |
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Dimensions of the Problem |
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164 | (1) |
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Institutional Discrimination |
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164 | (13) |
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165 | (4) |
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169 | (4) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (5) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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182 | (3) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (34) |
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Poverty in Sociohistorical Context |
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191 | (2) |
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International Comparisons |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (3) |
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Intelligence as an Explanation |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (5) |
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198 | (3) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (3) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (4) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (4) |
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The "Trickle Down" Approach |
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210 | (1) |
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The "Robin Hood" Approach |
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211 | (1) |
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The Interventionist Approach |
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211 | (3) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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214 | (5) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (2) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Gender Inequality |
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224 | (31) |
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225 | (2) |
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"Support" for the Biological Argument |
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225 | (1) |
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Weakness of the Biological Argument |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (3) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (2) |
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Sexism in Sociohistorical Context |
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230 | (1) |
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Gender Inequalities in an International Context |
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230 | (2) |
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Newer Identified Forms of Sexism |
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232 | (6) |
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Genital Mutilation and Female Sexuality |
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232 | (2) |
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Women as Disposable Property |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (5) |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (1) |
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The Social Construction of Maleness |
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243 | (2) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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245 | (4) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (2) |
| PART IV CHALLENGES TO SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS |
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255 | (134) |
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257 | (36) |
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Family in Sociohistorical Context |
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258 | (2) |
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258 | (2) |
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The Scope of Family Problems |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (5) |
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Factors Contributing to the High Rate of Divorce |
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263 | (1) |
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The Impact of Divorce on Adults |
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264 | (1) |
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The Impact of Divorce on Children |
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264 | (3) |
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Changes in Family Structure |
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267 | (5) |
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Remarriages and Reconstituted Families |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (3) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (5) |
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Incidence of Family Violence |
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272 | (3) |
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Social Factors Linked to Violence |
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275 | (2) |
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Sexual Violence and Victimization in the Family |
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277 | (2) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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The Need for Societal Intervention |
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279 | (1) |
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Services for Battered Wives |
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279 | (1) |
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Intervention in Child Abuse |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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Prevention of Family Violence |
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280 | (1) |
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Family in an International Context |
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280 | (2) |
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Why Are Families in Trouble? |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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The Growing Emphasis on Individual Rights |
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282 | (1) |
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Deviant Families and Sick Individuals |
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283 | (1) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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283 | (5) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (2) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Problems in Education |
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293 | (31) |
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Education in Sociohistorical Context |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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Education in an International Context |
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295 | (1) |
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The School is a Bureaucracy |
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296 | (2) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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Education and Social Class |
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298 | (5) |
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Dominance of Middle-Class Values |
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298 | (1) |
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Ability Grouping or Tracking |
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299 | (4) |
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303 | (5) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (3) |
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306 | (2) |
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308 | (3) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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How Else Can We Improve Education? |
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311 | (5) |
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Equitable School Districts |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (2) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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316 | (4) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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318 | (2) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (2) |
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Chapter 11 The Corporate United States and Work |
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324 | (34) |
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Work in Sociohistorical Context |
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325 | (1) |
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The Corporate United States |
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326 | (4) |
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Who Owns the Corporations? |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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Corporate Technostructure |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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Government-Corporate Alliances |
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330 | (4) |
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The Military-Industrial Complex |
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330 | (4) |
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Multinational Corporations |
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334 | (3) |
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335 | (2) |
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Work in the Corporate United States |
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337 | (8) |
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337 | (2) |
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Unemployment and Underemployment |
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339 | (4) |
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343 | (2) |
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Occupational Health and Safety |
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345 | (4) |
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345 | (1) |
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Health Hazard Occupations |
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346 | (3) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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349 | (4) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (2) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (31) |
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Health Care in an International Context |
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359 | (1) |
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Health Care in Sociohistorical Context |
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360 | (2) |
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Dominance of Modern Medicine |
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361 | (1) |
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The Social Organization of Health Care |
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362 | (9) |
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Unevern Health-Care Delivery Systems |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (2) |
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366 | (1) |
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The Hospital Industry and Its Expenses |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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Rise of Managed-Care Programs |
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369 | (2) |
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Bioethics: Life and Death Discussions |
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371 | (3) |
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371 | (3) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (3) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (3) |
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The Nature of Mental Disorders |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (2) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
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380 | (3) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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The Interactionist Orientation |
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|
382 | (1) |
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383 | (2) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (3) |
| PART V CHALLENGES TO THE QUALITY OF LIFE |
|
389 | (62) |
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Chapter 13 Urban Decline and Growth |
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|
391 | (27) |
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U.S. Cities in Sociohistorical Context |
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|
392 | (1) |
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Urban Change in the United States |
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393 | (4) |
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393 | (3) |
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396 | (1) |
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Housing Problems and Solutions |
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|
397 | (8) |
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Redlining and Abandonment |
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|
397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (3) |
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405 | (1) |
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Can Snowbelt Cities Compete with Sunbelt Cities? |
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405 | (3) |
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406 | (2) |
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Urban-Suburban Interdependence |
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|
408 | (2) |
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408 | (1) |
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|
408 | (1) |
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|
409 | (1) |
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|
410 | (1) |
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Cities in an International Context |
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|
410 | (1) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
|
|
411 | (3) |
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The Functionalist Orientation |
|
|
411 | (1) |
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|
|
412 | (1) |
|
The Interactionist Orientation |
|
|
413 | (1) |
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|
414 | (1) |
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|
414 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (1) |
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|
417 | (1) |
|
Chapter 14 Population and Ecology |
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|
418 | (33) |
|
Population in Sociohistorical Context |
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|
419 | (4) |
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419 | (2) |
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|
421 | (1) |
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Demographic Transition Theory |
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|
422 | (1) |
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Population Pressure on the World |
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|
423 | (7) |
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|
423 | (1) |
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Population Size and Resource Depletion |
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|
424 | (1) |
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Destruction of the Rain Forests |
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|
424 | (4) |
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Hunger in Developing Nations |
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|
428 | (2) |
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430 | (7) |
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|
430 | (1) |
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Current Ecosystem Problems |
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|
431 | (6) |
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The Persistence of Ecological and Population Problems |
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|
437 | (7) |
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Positions that Deny the Need for Action |
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|
438 | (2) |
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|
|
440 | (1) |
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|
|
441 | (2) |
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Beyond Voluntary Planning |
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|
443 | (1) |
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Policy Proposals for Population Reduction |
|
|
444 | (1) |
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Sociological Perspectives |
|
|
444 | (3) |
|
The Functionalist Orientation |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
The Interactionist Orientation |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (2) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
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|
|
448 | (1) |
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|
449 | (1) |
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|
450 | (1) |
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|
450 | (1) |
| Notes |
|
451 | (40) |
| Glossary |
|
491 | (8) |
| Index |
|
499 | |
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