9781561581498

This important resource gives homeowners hundreds of environmentally effective ways to control garden pests. Here are all the no- to low-toxicity remedies for ridding lawns, gardens, and trees of destructive invaders. From microscopic organisms that case plant-killing blights to burrowing moles that destroy gardents and lawns, readers find solutions to all their pest problems. Photos.

Preface

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

Introduction

xii

1: The Basics

Natural Pest Controls

Introduction

3

(1)

Climate and Weather

3

(1)

Food and Habitat

3

(1)

Pathogens

4

(1)

Predators

5

(1)

Parasites and Parasitoids

5

(1)

How Natural Controls Work

6

(2)

References and Readings

8

(2)

Introduction to Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Introduction

10

(1)

What is IPM?

10

(1)

Pest or Guest?

10

(1)

Is the Damage Tolerable?

11

(1)

Types of Injury or Damage Caused by Pests

11

(1)

Determining Tolerable Damage or Injury Levels

12

(1)

Monitoring the Pest: Records, Tools, Timing, Strategies

13

(1)

Monitoring the Pest: What You Should Look For

14

(1)

Where and When to Treat

15

(1)

References and Readings

16

(3)

Pest-Treatment Strategies and Tactics

Introduction

19

(1)

Criteria for Selecting a Treatment Strategy

19

(1)

The Major Treatment Strategies Available

19

(1)

Treatment Category I: Indirect Suppression of Pests

20

(1)

Treatment Category II: Direct Suppression of Pests

21

(5)

References and Readings

26

(3)

Meet ``the Beneficials''

Introduction

29

(1)

Spiders

30

(1)

Predatory Mites

30

(1)

Centipedes

31

(1)

Lady Beetles

32

(3)

Ground Beetles

35

(1)

Rove Beetles

35

(1)

Lacewings

36

(2)

Hover Flies

38

(1)

Predacious Bugs

39

(1)

Ants, Bees and Wasps

39

(8)

References and Readings

47

(4)

Choosing the Right Chemical and Microbial Tools

Pesticides: Overview

51

(1)

Introduction

51

(1)

A Brief History of the Use of Chemicals Against Pests

51

(1)

The Registration, Naming and Classification of Pesticides

51

(6)

Toxicity to Humans

57

(3)

Toxicity in the Environment: Biomagnification

60

(1)

Residue, Resurgence, Resistance and Secondary Pest Outbreaks

61

(4)

Criteria for Selecting and Using Chemical and Microbial Controls

65

(1)

Applying Pesticides

65

(6)

What to Request from a Pest Control Company

71

(1)

References and Readings

72

(4)

Some Useful Inorganics, Organics and Botanicals

Introduction

76

(1)

Inorganic Pesticides

77

(1)

Insecticidal Dusts

78

(4)

Sodium Hypochlorite

82

(1)

Pesticidal Soaps

82

(2)

Horticultural Oils

84

(3)

Botanicals

87

(6)

References and Readings

93

(4)

New Frontiers: Microbials, Pheromones and Insect Growth Regulators

Introduction

97

(1)

Microbial Pesticides

97

(13)

Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals

110

(3)

Insect Growth Regulators

113

(3)

References and Readings

116

(5)

2: Pests in the Garden

Garden Design and Maintenance

Introduction

121

(1)

The Difference Between Human-Designed and Natural Systems

121

(1)

Developing an Ecosystem Perspective

121

(6)

References and Readings

127

(2)

Meet the Weeds

Introduction

129

(1)

Weeds: The First Soil Conservationists

129

(1)

Weed Survival Strategies

130

(2)

Integrated Weed Management

132

(2)

Knowing Your Weeds

134

(2)

References and Readings

136

(2)

Safe and Sane Weed Management

Introduction

138

(1)

Indirect Weed Suppression

138

(11)

Direct Weed Suppression

149

(11)

References and Readings

160

(4)

Preventing Lawn Pests

Introduction

164

(1)

Healthy Soil: Building Block of a Healthy Lawn

164

(4)

Pest-Resistant Lawn Grasses

168

(5)

Grass Substitutes

173

(1)

Reducing Stress on Lawns

173

(7)

References and Readings

180

(2)

Least-Toxic Lawn Pest Management

Introduction

182

(1)

Caterpillars: The Sod Webworm

182

(3)

Beetles (White Grubs): The Japanese Beetle

185

(6)

Chinch Bugs

191

(3)

Lawn Diseases: Overview

194

(3)

Brown Patch or Rhizoctonia Blight

197

(4)

Fusarium Blight, Summer Patch and Necrotic Ring Spot

201

(2)

Pythium Blight (Cottony Blight, Grease Spot)

203

(1)

Dollar Spot

204

(1)

Drechslera Melting Out or Leaf Spot

205

(1)

Fusarium Patch (Pink Snow Mold) and Grey Snow Mold

205

(1)

Managing Weeds in Lawns

206

(5)

Moles

211

(4)

References and Readings

215

(4)

Pests of Food and Ornamental Gardens

Introduction

219

(1)

Aphids

220

(5)

Cucumber Beetles

225

(3)

Cutworms

228

(3)

Earwigs

231

(2)

Gophers

233

(2)

Root Maggots: The Cabbage Root Maggot

235

(2)

Rose Diseases: Black Spot, Powdery Mildew and Rust

237

(7)

Snails and Slugs

244

(4)

Sowbugs and Pillbugs

248

(2)

Symphylans

250

(2)

Whiteflies

252

(1)

References and Readings

253

(7)

Pests of Shade Trees

Introduction

260

(1)

The Relationship Between Stress and Shade-Tree Pests

260

(4)

Understanding Natural Cycles of Pest Abundance

264

(1)

Accidentally Introduced Shade-Tree Pests

265

(1)

The Most Serious Shade-Tree Pests

266

(3)

Implementing the IPM Concept for Urban Shade Trees

269

(4)

References and Readings

273

(4)

Resource Appendix

277

(16)

Index

293

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The Gardener's Guide to Common-Sense Pest Control

1561581496

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