| Index to Authors |
|
xiii | (2) |
| Preface |
|
xv | (2) |
| Introduction Jewish Writing in German Through the Ages |
|
xvii | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
May-June 1096 Crusading assaults are launched against the Jewish communities of Worms, Mainz, and Cologne, the three great centers of late-eleventh-century life in northern Europe |
|
|
1 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1150 The emergence of distinct intellectual schools changes the character of Jewish theology, esotericism, and mysticism |
|
|
8 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ca. 1200 Sefer Hasidim (The book of the Pietists) is written by a group of rabbinic authors who come to be known as hasidei ashkenaz, the Pietists of Germany |
|
|
15 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1250 During the latter part of the thirteenth century "SuBkind the Jew of Trimberg" is among the growing number of nonaristocratic Spruchdichter--poets writing on a wide range of social, religious, or political themes |
|
|
21 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1286 R. Meir ben Barukh (Maharam) of Rothenburg, the leading rabbinic figure of his day, is arrested in Lombardy and delivered to Rudolph of Habsburg |
|
|
27 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1300 Near the end of the thirteenth century, a body of literature emerges to help acquaint children with the texts and traditions of Judaism |
|
|
35 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1382 An anonymous scribe completes the transliteration into Hebrew of a Germanic epic poem with the Yiddish title "Dukus Horant" |
|
|
42 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1689 Glikl of Hameln begins writing her memoir, which includes her distinctive yet representative view of the gentile world |
|
|
49 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1697 The earliest extant Yiddish purimshpil is traced to Leipzig |
|
|
55 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1769 Lavater's attempt to compel the conversion of Moses Mendelssohn abuses the friendship cult surrounding Jewish and Christian intellectuals |
|
|
61 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1779 David Friedlander and Moses Mendelssohn publish the Lesebuch fur judische Kinder |
|
|
68 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1781 The publication of Christian Wilhelm von Dohm's On the Civic Improvement of the Jews prompts widespread public debate on the Jewish Question by both Jews and gentiles |
|
|
75 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 23, 1782 ("Shabbat ha-Gadol," 5542) Chief Rabbi Ezekiel Landau responds to the Austrian emperor's Edict of Toleration (Toleranzpatent) |
|
|
84 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1783 Moses Mendelssohn writes Jerusalem, oder Uber religiose Macht und Judentum, which addresses the relationship between state, church, and the individual and refines the notion of religious toleration |
|
|
88 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1783 The final volume of Moses Mendelssohn's edition of the Pentateuch appears |
|
|
93 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1783 The Haskalah begins in Germany with the founding of the Hebrew journal Hame'asef |
|
|
101 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1792-93 Salomon Maimon writes his Lebensgeschichte (Autobiography), a reflection on his life in the (Polish) East and the (German) West |
|
|
108 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1804 Madame de Stael pays a visit to the Berlin salons of the lucky Jewish dilettantes |
|
|
116 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1812 The German romance with Bildung begins, with the publication of Rahel Levin's correspondence about Goethe |
|
|
124 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1818 Ludwig Borne begins his professional career as a freelance German journalist and editor of Die Wage |
|
|
129 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1833 Rahel Varnhagen, salonniere and epistolary writer, publishes Rahel: Ein Buch des Andenkens fur ihre Freunde, a collection of letters and diary entries |
|
|
136 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1834 The Jewish historical novel helps to reshape the historical consciousness of German Jews |
|
|
143 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1840 Heinrich Heine's ghetto tale "The Rabbi of Bacherach" is published |
|
|
152 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1843 Berthold Auerbach's first collection of Dorfgeschichten appears |
|
|
158 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1843 Fanny Lewald's novel Jenny treats the issue of discrimination against the Jews in nineteenth-century Germany |
|
|
164 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1843 Heinrich Heine and Karl Marx meet for the first time in Paris |
|
|
171 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1844 After a self-imposed exile in Paris, Heinrich Heine writes Deutschland: Ein Wintermarchen |
|
|
178 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 31, 1850 Conversion to Judaism is protected under the constitution of the North German Confederation |
|
|
186 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1857 Abraham Geiger's epoch-making book Urschrift und Ubersetzungen der Bibel in ihrer Abhangigkeit von der inneren Entwicklung des Judentums disseminates the Jewish version of the origins of Christianity |
|
|
193 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1872 Leopold Zunz declines an invitation to the inauguration of the Hochschule fur die Wissenschaft des Judentums |
|
|
199 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1873 Samson Raphael Hirsch oversees the secession of Jewish Orthodoxy in nineteenth-century Germany |
|
|
205 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1893 Hugo von Hofmannsthal worries about his Jewish mixed ancestry |
|
|
212 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1895 The author, feuilletonist, and renowned foreign correspondent Theodor Herzl turns toward Zionism and writes the manifesto The Jewish State |
|
|
219 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 1896 Publication of Theodor Herzl's Der Judenstaat begins a diverse tradition in Central Europe of Zionist writing in German |
|
|
227 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1897 Herzl draws international attention to Zionism, and the Young Vienna circle flourishes |
|
|
232 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1898 Sigmund Freud's Passover dream responds to Theodor Herzl's Zionist dream |
|
|
240 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1901 Nineteen-year-old Stefan Zweig publishes his first volume of poetry |
|
|
249 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1903 Gustav Mahler launches a new production of Tristan und Isolde, Otto Weininger commits suicide shortly after his Geschlecht und Charakter is published, and Max Nordau advocates the development of a "muscle Jewry" |
|
|
255 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1904 Bertha Pappenheim establishes the Jewish Women's Federation in Germany |
|
|
262 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1905 Karl Emil Franzos's masterpiece Der Pojaz is published posthumously |
|
|
268 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1906 The discipline of Sexualwissenschaft emerges in Germany, creating divergent notions of the sexuality of European Jewry |
|
|
273 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1908 Prussian universities allow women to matriculate for the first time |
|
|
280 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1910 Ernst Bloch and Georg Lukacs meet in Heidelberg |
|
|
287 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1911 Julius Preuss publishes Biblisch-talmudische Medizin, Felix Theilhaber publishes Der Untergang der deutschen Juden, and the International Hygiene Exhibition takes place in Dresden |
|
|
293 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1912 The publication of Moritz Goldstein's "The German-Jewish Parnassus" sparks a debate over assimilation, German culture, and the "Jewish spirit" |
|
|
299 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1913 After two hundred years in which virtually no work by a Jewish woman writer has appeared in Prague, Babette Fried writes two collections of ghetto stories |
|
|
306 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1913 Karl Kraus writes "He's a Jew After All," one of the few texts in which he directly confronts his Jewish identity and suggests how it has affected his satirical writing |
|
|
313 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1914 Franz Rosenzweig writes the essay "Atheistic Theology," which critiques the theology of his day |
|
|
322 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1914 Kurt Tucholsky withdraws from the Jewish community |
|
|
327 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1915 In Deutschtum und Judentum Hermann Cohen applies neo-Kantian philosophy to the German Jewish Question |
|
|
336 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1916 The first issue of Martin Buber's German-Jewish journal Der Jude appears |
|
|
343 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1916 The German army orders a census of Jewish soldiers, and Jews defend German culture |
|
|
348 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1918 This year of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire marks a crucial historical and symbolic change for Joseph Roth |
|
|
355 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1918 German-speaking Jewish writers visit the Soviet Union and encounter and report on Eastern Jewry in light of Lenin's decree abolishing anti-Semitism |
|
|
363 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1919 The Bavarian Soviet is proclaimed, in a Socialist attempt to fuse cultural and political liberation |
|
|
368 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1919 German-Jewish writers begin to give literary expression to memories of the Munich Revolution of 1918-19 |
|
|
377 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
October 29, 1920 Paul Wegener's Der Golem: Wie er in die Welt kam debuts in Berlin |
|
|
384 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
November 16, 1920 Czech nationalists occupy the German Landestheater / Standetheater in Prague |
|
|
390 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1920 The Free Jewish School is founded in Frankfurt am Main under the leadership of Franz Rosenzweig |
|
|
395 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1921 Walter Benjamin writes the essays "Critique of Violence" and "The Task of the Translator," treating the subject of messianism he discussed with Gershom Scholem during the war |
|
|
401 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1921 The staging of Arthur Schnitzler's play Reigen in Vienna creates a public uproar that draws involvement by the press, the police, the Viennese city administration, and the Austrian parliament |
|
|
412 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1922 Milgroym, a Yiddish magazine of arts and letters, is founded in Berlin by Mark Wischnitzer |
|
|
420 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
427 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1925 Jud Suss by Lion Feuchtwanger is published |
|
|
434 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1925 Hugo Bettauer's assassination by Otto Rothstock in Vienna marks the first political murder by the Nazis in Austria |
|
|
440 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1926 Georg Hermann writes a pamphlet attacking the special issue of Martin Buber's Der Jude devoted to the topic of anti-Semitism and Jewish national characteristics |
|
|
448 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 18, 1926 Playwrights and theater critics in the Weimar Republic assume the role of advocates for justice |
|
|
455 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
July 15, 1927 The Vienna Palace of Justice is burned in a mass uprising of Viennese workers, a central experience in the life and work of Elias Canetti |
|
|
464 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1928 Jakob Wassermann's novel Der Fall Maurizius presents the final expression of his views on the relationship of Germans and Jews |
|
|
471 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1928 Erich Fromm joins the Institute for Social Research and begins a ten-year affiliation with the Frankfurt school |
|
|
479 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1928 The first issue of the Jewish Children's Calendar, edited by Emil Bernhard Cohn, is published in cooperation with the Commission on Literary Works for Youth of the Grand Lodge for Germany of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith |
|
|
485 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1932 Gertrud Kolmar completes her poetry cycle Weibliches Bildnis and thus reshapes her identity as a Jewish woman poet |
|
|
492 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 28, 1933 Karl Wolfskehl, member of the George Circle, carrying several books he loves too much to sell, boards a train for Basel and leaves Germany forever |
|
|
499 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1933 The Cultural League is formed to concentrate all "Jewish" cultural life in one central organization under Nazi supervision |
|
|
506 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 15, 1935 Passage of the Reich Citizenship Act and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor in Nazi Germany forces the children's book author Mira Lobe to emigrate to Palestine |
|
|
512 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1935 At the International Writers Congress in Paris, the exiled German authors lay down the foundation of their opposition to the Nazis: the defense of the "Ideas of 1789" |
|
|
520 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1936 Abraham Joshua Heschel's first major scholarly work, Die Prophetie, is published in Cracow, Poland, and distributed by Erich Reiss Verlag in Berlin |
|
|
526 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1936 Philo Press publications mark a turning point in the Centralverein's practice and ideology, from ambivalence about Jewish "reemancipation" to an endorsement of the settling of Palestine |
|
|
532 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1937 Hermann Broch writes a narrative entitled The Return of Virgil, thus beginning an eight-year project that culminates in the novel The Death of Virgil |
|
|
537 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 11, 1938 After German troops march into Austria, many Austrian- and German-Jewish writers flee |
|
|
544 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1938 During the Austrian AnschluB to the Third Reich, Friedrich Torberg escapes from Prague, first to Zurich and then to Paris |
|
|
551 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1938 Sigmund Freud's departure from Vienna for exile in England marks a symbolic end to the wave of emigration of German-speaking Jewish psychotherapists and psychoanalysts in Germany and Austria |
|
|
558 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1939 Else Lasker-Schuler becomes permanently exiled in Jerusalem when Swiss immigration authorities deny her reentry to Switzerland |
|
|
563 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1939 Max Horkheimer's "Die Juden und Europa" appears |
|
|
571 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1940 In the year of the Hitler-Stalin pact, Walter Benjamin dictates his Theses on the Philosophy of History and, attempting to escape from Nazi- occupied France, kills himself at the Franco-Spanish border |
|
|
577 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1941 A four-year debate on child psychoanalysis begins between Anna Freud and Melanie Klein within the British Psychoanalytical Society |
|
|
591 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 8, 1942 H. G. Adler is deported to Theresienstadt and begins his life's work of writing a scholarly testimony to his experience |
|
|
599 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1944 Hannah Arendt writes "The Jew as Pariah: A Hidden Tradition," in which she describes the forgotten tradition of Jewish "conscious pariahs" |
|
|
606 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1944 Jewish writing in German continues in Theresienstadt and beyond |
|
|
614 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1945 World War II ends, and eight-year-old Jurek Becker is freed from a concentration camp and begins to learn German |
|
|
621 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1945 An official Soviet stamp permits the exportation of cultural documents, including a draft version of Die Buche, a never-published anthology of German-language Jewish poetry from the Bukowina found in the estate of Alfred Margul-Sperber |
|
|
627 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
November 9, 1945 Alfred Doblin, one of the first German-Jewish writers to return to Germany, arrives in the French occupation zone |
|
|
634 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1946 Edgar, Hilsenrath and Jakov Lind meet at the employment office in Netanya, Palestine, discuss literature, and contemplate their recent past |
|
|
642 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1946 Jewish playwrights in the postwar German theater begin to break the taboos associated with German-Jewish relations and the Holocaust |
|
|
648 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1946 Hans-Joachim Schoeps settles in Germany after eight years of exile in Sweden |
|
|
655 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1947 Anna Seghers returns to Germany from exile and makes her home in East Berlin |
|
|
662 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1947 Arnold Zweig begins to work on Freundschaft mit Freud |
|
|
671 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1948 Hannah Arendt appeals for Arab-Jewish reconciliation as the most plausible reaction to the German-Jewish catastrophe |
|
|
677 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1949 The Frankfurt school returns to Germany |
|
|
683 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1951 In his essay "Kulturkritik und Gesellschaft," Theodor W. Adorno states that it is barbaric to write poetry after Auschwitz |
|
|
691 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1952 Manes Sperber pursues the Jewish Question in Wolyna |
|
|
697 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1957 Hermann Levin Goldschmidt receives the first Leo Baeck Prize for Das Vermachtnis des deutschen Judentums |
|
|
704 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1959 Hilde Domin publishes Nur eine Rose als Stutze and Nelly Sachs publishes Flucht und Verwandlung, both of which deal with flight and exile |
|
|
710 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1960 Paul Celan wins the Georg Buchner Prize |
|
|
716 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1964 On March 13, in the middle of rehearsals for the premiere of Marat / Sade, Peter Weiss attends the Frankfurt Auschwitz trial |
|
|
722 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 The premiere of Peter Weiss's The Investigation: Oratorio in Eleven Songs, a drama written from the documentation of the Frankfurt Auschwitz trial, is staged |
|
|
729 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 Alexander and Margarete Mitscherlich's Die Unfahigkeit zu trauern is published |
|
|
736 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 The translation of Isaac Bashevis Singer's Gimpel der Narr appears in the Federal Republic of Germany |
|
|
742 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1971 Ein Sommer in der Woche der Itke K. by American-born author Jeannette Lander is published |
|
|
749 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Stefan Heym's Der Konig David Bericht, which fictionalizes the biblical account of David's reign to comment on the contemporary situation in the German Democratic Republic, is published |
|
|
759 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
November 17, 1976 Stephan Hermlin and Gunter Kunert protest the expulsion of Wolf Biermann from the German Democratic Republic |
|
|
766 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
October 1978 Jean Amery takes his life |
|
|
775 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 The American television series Holocaust is shown in West Germany |
|
|
783 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Peter Lilienthal makes David, the first "post-Shoah German-Jewish film" |
|
|
790 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 The "Third Generation" of Jewish-German writers after the Shoah emerges in Germany and Austria |
|
|
796 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1985 Rainer Werner Fassbinder's play Garbage, the City and Death produced in Frankfurt, marks a key year of remembrance in Germany |
|
|
805 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 The Historians' Debate (Historikerstreit) takes place over the status and representation of the Nazi period, and more specifically of the Holocaust, in Germany's past |
|
|
812 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Jenny Aloni's Das Brachland is published as volume 1 of her Gesammelte Werke in Einzelausgaben |
|
|
820 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1992 Robert Schindel's novel Geburtig continues the development of Jewish writing in Austria after the Shoah |
|
|
827 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
| List of Contributors |
|
833 | (4) |
| Index |
|
837 | |
Shopping Cart
Need Help? eService@ecampus.com
Copyright© 1999-2008
