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9780323007443

Advances in Nephrology

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780323007443

  • ISBN10:

    0323007449

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1999-10-01
  • Publisher: Mosby Inc
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List Price: $96.00

Table of Contents

Contributors ix
Preface xvii
Mechanisms of Endothelial Injury in Systemic Vasculitis
1(16)
L. Harper
Caroline O.S. Savage
Role of Endothelium in Health and Disease
1(1)
Vasculitic Disorders
2(1)
Role of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Vascular Injury
2(1)
Neutrophils and Endothelial Injury
3(4)
IL-8: A Key Role in Neutrophil Sequestration in the Microvasculature
3(1)
Mechanisms of Neutrophil-Mediated Damage
4(2)
Fate of Neutrophils After ANCA Activation
6(1)
Active Participation by Endothelial Cells
7(1)
Role of Autoantibodies in Endothelial Damage
7(1)
Role of T Cells in Vascular Damage
8(1)
Summary
9(8)
Role of Thrombin and Its Receptor, the Protease-Activated Receptor 1, in the Pathophysiology of Glomerular Injury
17(18)
Eric Rondeau
Jean-Daniel Sraer
Genevieve Nguyen
Ci-Jiang He
Ute Zacharias
Yichun Xu
Structure and Functions of the Thrombin Receptors
18(5)
The Superfamily of Protease-Activated Receptors
18(2)
Intracellular Signaling After PAR-1 Activation
20(2)
Intracellular Trafficking of PAR-1
22(1)
Cellular Effects of Thrombin
22(1)
Expression of PAR-1 in the Human Kidney
23(4)
In Vitro Studies of Glomerular Cells in Culture
23(3)
In Vivo Studies: Analysis of Renal Biopsies With Crescentic Glomerulonephritis and Thrombotic Microangiopathies
26(1)
Experimental Models of Glomerular Injury and Inhibition of the Cellular Effects of Thrombin
27(2)
Conclusion and Future Directions
29(6)
Treatment of Systemic Vasculitides
35(18)
Loic Guillevin
Francois Lhote
General Principles for Treatment of Vasculitides
36(1)
Initial Therapeutic Choice
36(1)
Predictable Outcome
36(1)
Treatment Contraindications
36(1)
Treatment of WG
37(3)
Steroids
37(1)
Cyclophosphamide
37(2)
Other Immunosuppressive Drugs, New Drugs
39(1)
IV Immunoglobulins
40(1)
Plasma Exchanges
40(1)
Treatment of PAN and MPA
40(6)
Treatment of PAN not Associated With HBV Infection
40(3)
Treatment of MPA
43(2)
Treatment of HBV-Related and Other Virus-Related PAN
45(1)
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia
46(1)
Recommendations for Specific Conditions
47(1)
Conclusion
48(5)
Progress in the Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy
53(20)
Bruce A. Julian
Milan Tomana
Jan Novak
Jiri Mestecky
Postulated Disease Mechanisms in IgA Nephropathy
53(2)
Increased IgA1 Immune Response
55(3)
Disease-Specific Exogenous Antigen
56(1)
Prolonged Overproduction of IgA1 After Nonspecific Immune Response
56(1)
Tonsils
57(1)
IgA1 Binds to a Mesangial Antigen
58(1)
Intrinsic to the Kidney
58(1)
Extrinsic Antigen ``Planted'' in the Glomerular Mesangia
58(1)
Alteration of Glycan Moieties of IgA1 Molecules
59(4)
Structure of IgA1 Molecules
59(2)
Consequences of Alteration of Glycan Moieties
61(2)
Altered Interaction of IgA1 With FCαR (CD89) on Circulating Cells Causes Glomerular Damage
63(1)
Increased Binding Leads to Cytokine-Induced Mesangial Glomerulonephritis
63(1)
Decreased Binding Leads to Mesangial Accumulation of IgA1
64(1)
An IgA-Specific Receptor on Mesangial Cells Binds IgA1
64(2)
Fcα Receptor
64(1)
Uncharacterized IgA-Fc Receptor
65(1)
Asialoglycoprotein Receptor
66(1)
Response to Glomerular Deposition of IgA
66(1)
Summary
67(6)
New Therapeutic Approaches in Primary IgA Nephropathy
73(20)
Francesco Locatelli
Claudio Pozzi
Lucia Del Vecchio
Simeone Andrulli
Piergiorgio Bolasco
Giambattista Fogazzi
Paolo Altieri
Claudio Ponticelli
Tonsillectomy
74(1)
Low-Antigen Diets and Sodium Cromoglycate
74(1)
Phenytoin, Dapsone, Danazol
75(1)
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and AT1 Receptor Antagonists
75(1)
Fish Oil
75(1)
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists and Nitric Oxide
76(1)
Cyclosporine
77(1)
IG Therapy
77(1)
Steroids
78(2)
Association of Steroids and Cytotoxic Drugs
80(1)
Cytotoxic Drugs, Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Agents
81(1)
Italian Randomized Controlled Trial of Corticosteroids
82(3)
New Italian Multicenter Trial: Combination Treatment of Steroids and Azathioprine
85(1)
Future Trends: New Treatment Approaches in Experimental Models and Humans
85(1)
Conclusions
86(7)
Nitric Oxide in Renal Disease
93(22)
Pierre-Yves Martin
Eric Feraille
Biochemistry of Nitric Oxide
94(2)
Renal Physiology of Nitric Oxide
96(4)
Hemodynamic Effects
96(2)
Tubul'ar Effects
98(1)
Effect on Renin Release
99(1)
Adaptation to Reduction of Renal Mass
99(1)
Role of Nitric Oxide in Renal Disease
100(2)
Hypertension
100(2)
End-Stage Renal Failure
102(6)
Preeclampsia
102(1)
Renal Functional Abnormalities of Cirrhosis
103(1)
Alteration of Renal Function in Sepsis
104(1)
Glomerular Diseases
104(2)
Postischemic Acute Renal Failure
106(1)
Other Diseases and Syndromes
107(1)
Conclusion
108(7)
Mechanisms of Mineralocorticoid Selectivity
115(12)
Nicolette Farman
11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: Pathophysiology
127(22)
Bruno Vogt
Brigitte M. Frey
Felix J. Frey
Biological Effects of 11 βHydroxy- and 11-Ketoglucocorticosteroids
127(1)
Assessment of 11 β-HSD Enzymes
128(2)
Factors Affecting 11β-HSD Enzymes
130(1)
Endobiotics and Xenobiotics
130(4)
Disease States
134(15)
The Paradox of Chimerism: Induction of Tolerance or Cause of Autoimmunity?
149(14)
Sophie Caillat-Zucman
Mechanisms Involved in Allograft Tolerance
150(3)
Origin and Role of Chimeric Donor Cells
153(1)
Chimerism and Induction of Tolerance
154(1)
Chimerism and Autoimmunity
155(1)
Conclusion
156(7)
Impact of HLA System on Organ Transplantation: A Critical Review Before the End of the Millennium
163(14)
Paul Terasaki
Steven Takemoto
HLA Antibodies
166(2)
HLA Antibodies Cause Chronic Rejection: Consequence of the Theory
168(1)
HLA Antibody Tests
169(1)
The Future
170(7)
Erythropoietin (Epo) Receptor and Epo Mimetics
177(14)
Catherine Lacombe
Patrick Mayeux
Structure of the EpoR
177(3)
Characterization
177(1)
Structure of the p66 EpoR Chain
178(1)
Activation of the EpoR
179(1)
Erythropoietin-Induced Intracellular Signaling
180(3)
Signaling Pathways Activated by Epo
180(1)
Pathways Leading to Signaling Arrest
181(2)
Epo Mimetics
183(2)
Homodimerization of an Inactive Epo Mutant
183(1)
Activating Mutations of the EpoR
183(1)
Anti-EpoR Monoclonal Antibodies
184(1)
``Pharmacologic'' Dimerization of the EpoR
184(1)
Epo Mimetic Peptides
184(1)
EpoR Activation by GP55 Envelope Protein of Spleen Focus-Forming Virus
185(1)
Conclusions
185(6)
Regulation of Gene Expression by Oxygen Levels in Mammalian Cells
191(16)
Christopher W. Pugh
Gin-Wen Chang
Matthew Cockman
Andrew C.R. Epstein
Jonathan M. Gleadle
Patrick H. Maxwell
Lynn G. Nicholls
John F. O'Rourke
Peter J. Ratcliffe
Emma C. Raybould
Ya-Min Tian
Michael S. Wiesener
Morwenna Wood
Charles C. Wykoff
Kay M. Yeates
Identification of a Widely Expressed Mechanism Allowing Gene Regulation by Oxygen
192(1)
HREs Are Activated by Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1
193(1)
How is Oxygen Sensed?
194(1)
The Activation of HIF-1
194(2)
Domain Structure of HIF-1-Alpha and EPAS1
196(2)
Insights From Mutant Cells
198(2)
The Role of the HIF-1 System in Physiology and Pathophysiology
200(1)
Evolutionary Aspects of Hypoxic Gene Regulation
201(1)
Conclusions
202(5)
Use of Vitamin D and Its Derivatives in Chronic Renal Failure
207(14)
John Cunningham
Current Standard Therapies
209(2)
New Vitamin D Metabolites
211(2)
New Regimens Using Currently Available Vitamin D Analogues
213(2)
New Vitamin D Metabolites
215(1)
Predialysis Chronic Renal Insufficiency
216(1)
Future Prospects
216(5)
Technetium-99m-Sestamibi and Iodine-123 Subtraction Scanning in Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
221(20)
E. Hindie
P. Urena
D. Melliere
C. Jeanguillaume
V. Menoyo-Calonge
Ph. Remy
P. Galle
L. Perlemuter
Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of 99mTc-Sestamibi
223(1)
Reasons for Choice of Subtraction Protocols
223(1)
The Interest of Simultaneous Recording of 99mTc-Sestamibi and lodine-123 Images
224(1)
Practical Measures in Subtraction Parathyroid Scanning With Simultaneous 99mTc-Sestamibi/Iodine-123 Recording
225(2)
Parathyroid Imagery in Case of Reoperation
227(2)
New Perspectives in Parathyroid Surgery
229(7)
Is 99mTc-Sestamibi/Iodine-123 Scanning Useful Before Initial Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism?
229(2)
Can Preoperative Scanning Allow Unilateral Surgery in Some Patients?
231(1)
Is 99mTc-Sestamibi Scanning Useful Before Initial Surgery for Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Renal Failure?
232(1)
Can 99mTc-Sestamibi Scan Play a Role Other Than Preoperative Identification in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?
233(3)
Conclusion
236(5)
Antihypertensive Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Nephropathy
241(16)
Johannes F.E. Mann
Ulrich Thomae
Hertzel C. Gerstein
Jorg Franke
Michel Lievre
Antihypertensive Therapy in NIDDM With Unknown Renal, Status or With No Signs of Nephropathy
242(5)
Antihypertensive Therapy in Patients With NIDDM and Microalbuminuria
247(2)
Antihypertensive Therapy in Patients With NIDDM and Overt Nephropathy
249(1)
Conclusions
250(7)
The PKD2 Gene: Structure, Interactions, Mutations, and Inactivation
257(20)
Stefan Somlo
Molecular Genetics of Human ADPKD: PKD1
258(2)
The Second Gene for ADPKD: PKD2
260(2)
Polycystin-2, the PKD2 Gene Product
262(4)
Polycystin-1 and Polycystin-2 Are Part of a Functional Pathway
266(1)
Molecular Basis of Cyst Formation and Animal Models of ADPKD
267(3)
Conclusion
270(7)
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Type 2 (PKD2 Disease)
277(12)
Roser Torra
Diagnosis
278(1)
Hypertension
279(2)
Extrarenal Cysts
281(1)
Urinary Tract Infections and Macrohematuria
282(1)
Nephrolithiasis
282(1)
Intracranial Aneurysms
282(1)
Survival
282(7)
Chloride Channels in Renal Disease
289(10)
R.V. Thakker
Dent's Disease
289(4)
Voltage-Gated Chloride Channel Gene Family
293(1)
Bartter's and Gitelman's Syndromes
294(1)
Summary
295(4)
WT1, Renal Development, and Glomerulopathies
299(18)
Marie-Claire Gubler
Youxin Yang
Cecile Jeanpierre
Sandrine Barbaux
Patrick Niaudet
The WT1 Gene
300(2)
WT1 and Kidney Development
302(1)
Denys-Drash Syndrome
303(2)
Isolate Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis
305(1)
Frasier Syndrome
306(3)
Idiopathic Persistent Proteinuria/Nephrotic Syndrome
309(8)
Pax2 in the Development of Renal and Urinary Tract Diseases
317(12)
D.Joly
R. Salomon
J. Amiel
A-L. Tellier
T. Attie-Bitach
J-P. Grunfeld
The Family of Pax Genes
318(3)
Pax-2 and Renal Development
319(2)
Renal Diseases Linked to Pax-2 Gene Mutations
321(2)
Pax-2 Gene Mutations in Mice
321(1)
Pax-2 Gene Mutations in Humans
321(2)
Pax-2, Dysplasia, and Renal Cell Proliferation
323(1)
Pax-2 and Renal Dysplasia
323(1)
Pax-2 and Renal Tumors
323(1)
Conclusion
324(5)
Human Malformation Syndromes: Lessons in Kidney Differentiation
329(12)
Adrian S. Woolf
Philip L. Beales
Sally A. Feather
X-Linked Kallmann's Syndrome
330(2)
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
332(2)
Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome 1
334(7)
Index 341

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