| Preface |
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xxi | |
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Overview of Nutrition and Health |
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1 | (37) |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (4) |
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Dietary Reference Intakes |
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8 | (2) |
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Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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Dietary Guidelines and Food Guides |
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12 | (12) |
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13 | (1) |
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Dietary Guidelines for Americans |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (7) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (6) |
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30 | (5) |
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Nutrition in Practice Finding the Truth About Nutrition |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (22) |
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Anatomy of the Digestive Tract |
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39 | (6) |
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39 | (3) |
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The Involuntary Muscles and the Glands |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (3) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Digestion in the Small and Large Intestines |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Transport of Lipids: Lipoproteins |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (4) |
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Nutrition in Practice Hunger and Community Nutrition |
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56 | (4) |
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60 | (24) |
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The Chemist's View of Carbohydrates |
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61 | (3) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Health Effects of Sugars and Alternative Sweeteners |
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64 | (9) |
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65 | (4) |
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Alternative Sweeteners: Sugar Alcohols |
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69 | (1) |
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Alternative Sweeteners: Artificial Sweeteners |
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70 | (3) |
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Health Effects of Starch and Dietary Fibers |
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73 | (9) |
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Carbohydrates: Disease Prevention and Recommendations |
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73 | (3) |
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Carbohydrates: Food Sources |
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76 | (2) |
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Carbohydrates: Food Labels and Health Claims |
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78 | (4) |
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Nutrition in Practice Nutrition and Dental Health |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (26) |
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85 | (1) |
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The Chemist's View of Lipids |
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86 | (5) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (3) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Fats |
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91 | (4) |
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91 | (3) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (9) |
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Finding the Fats in Foods |
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95 | (2) |
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Cutting Fat Intake and Choosing Unsaturated Fats |
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97 | (7) |
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Nutrition in Practice Figuring Out Fats |
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104 | (6) |
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110 | (20) |
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The Chemist's View of Proteins |
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111 | (2) |
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The Structure of Proteins |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (4) |
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117 | (5) |
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Protein-Energy Malnutrition |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Protein Recommendations and Nitrogen Balance |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (4) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (3) |
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Nutrition in Practice Vegetarian Diets |
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126 | (4) |
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Energy Balance and Body Composition |
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130 | (26) |
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131 | (3) |
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The Economics of Feasting |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (5) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Estimating Energy Requirements |
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136 | (3) |
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Body Weight and Body Composition |
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139 | (4) |
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Defining Healthy Body Weight |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (2) |
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How Much Body Fat Is Too Much? |
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143 | (1) |
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Risks of Overweight and Obesity |
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143 | (6) |
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Nutrition in Practice Fad Diets |
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149 | (7) |
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Weight Management: Overweight and Underweight |
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156 | (30) |
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157 | (4) |
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Obesity Treatment: Who Should Lose? |
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161 | (1) |
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Inappropriate Obesity Treatments |
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162 | (2) |
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Over-the-Counter Weight-Loss Supplements and Drugs |
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162 | (1) |
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Herbal Products and Dietary Supplements |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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Aggressive Treatments of Obesity |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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Reasonable Strategies for Weight Loss |
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165 | (7) |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (2) |
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Strategies for Weight Gain |
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174 | (5) |
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Nutrition in Practice Eating Disorders |
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179 | (7) |
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186 | (37) |
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The Vitamins---An Overview |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (11) |
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Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene |
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188 | (5) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (2) |
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The Water-Soluble Vitamins |
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199 | (17) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Pantothenic Acid and Biotin |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (9) |
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Nutrition in Practice Phytochemicals and Functional Foods |
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216 | (7) |
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223 | (33) |
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224 | (3) |
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224 | (2) |
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Fluid and Electrolyte Balance |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (10) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (4) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (15) |
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237 | (5) |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (4) |
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Nutrition in Practice Vitamin and Mineral Supplements |
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252 | (4) |
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Nutrition through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Infancy |
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256 | (41) |
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Pregnancy: The Impact of Nutrition on the Future |
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257 | (18) |
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Nutrition Prior to Pregnancy |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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Nutrient Needs during Pregnancy |
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261 | (6) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Common Nutrition-Related Concerns of Pregnancy |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (3) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (3) |
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Nutrition during Lactation |
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276 | (1) |
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Contraindications to Breastfeeding |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (16) |
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Nutrient Needs during Infancy |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (3) |
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283 | (1) |
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The Transition to Cow's Milk |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (6) |
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Nutrition in Practice Encouraging Successful Breastfeeding |
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294 | (3) |
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Nutrition through the Life Span: Childhood and Adolescence |
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297 | (31) |
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Early and Middle Childhood |
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298 | (10) |
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Energy and Nutrient Needs |
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298 | (3) |
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301 | (2) |
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Lead Poisoning in Children |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (1) |
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Food Choices and Eating Habits of Children |
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308 | (5) |
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308 | (3) |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (10) |
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Growth and Development during Adolescence |
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313 | (1) |
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Energy and Nutrient Needs |
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313 | (2) |
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Food Choices and Health Habits |
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315 | (1) |
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Problems Adolescents Face |
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316 | (7) |
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Nutrition in Practice Childhood Obesity and the Early Development of Chronic Diseases |
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323 | (5) |
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Nutrition through the Life Span: Later Adulthood |
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328 | (25) |
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329 | (3) |
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Slowing the Aging Process |
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330 | (2) |
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Nutrition and Disease Prevention |
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332 | (1) |
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Nutrition-Related Concerns during Late Adulthood |
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332 | (4) |
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Cataracts and Macular Degeneration |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (2) |
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Energy and Nutrient Needs during Late Adulthood |
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336 | (5) |
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Energy and Energy Nutrients |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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Nutrient Supplements for Older Adults |
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339 | (1) |
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The Effects of Drugs on Nutrients |
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339 | (2) |
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Food Choices and Eating Habits of Older Adults |
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341 | (8) |
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Nutrition in Practice Disease Prevention |
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349 | (4) |
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Nutrition Care and Assessment |
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353 | (24) |
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354 | (4) |
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How Illness Affects Nutrition Status |
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354 | (1) |
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Responsibility for Nutrition Care |
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355 | (1) |
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Identifying Risk for Malnutrition |
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356 | (1) |
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The Nutrition Care Process |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (15) |
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359 | (1) |
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Dietary Assessment Methods |
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359 | (3) |
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362 | (4) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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Integrating Assessment Data |
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369 | (4) |
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Nutrition in Practice Nutritional Genomics |
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373 | (4) |
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Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions |
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377 | (21) |
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Implementing Nutrition Care |
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378 | (3) |
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378 | (1) |
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Approaches to Nutrition Care |
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378 | (3) |
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381 | (5) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (3) |
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Alternative Feeding Routes |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (9) |
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Drug Effects on Food Intake |
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387 | (1) |
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Drug Effects on Nutrient Absorption |
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388 | (1) |
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Dietary Effects on Drug Absorption |
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389 | (1) |
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Drug Effects on Nutrient Metabolism |
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389 | (1) |
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Dietary Effects on Drug Metabolism |
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390 | (1) |
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Drug Effects on Nutrient Excretion |
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391 | (1) |
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Dietary Effects on Drug Excretion |
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391 | (1) |
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Diet-Drug Interactions and Toxicity |
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391 | (4) |
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Nutrition in Practice Food and Foodservice |
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395 | (3) |
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Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support |
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398 | (29) |
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Enteral Nutrition Support |
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399 | (12) |
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399 | (2) |
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Enteral Nutrition in Medical Care |
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401 | (3) |
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Administration of Tube Feedings |
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404 | (5) |
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Delivering Medications through Feeding Tubes |
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409 | (1) |
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Complications of Tube Feeding |
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409 | (2) |
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Parenteral Nutrition Support |
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411 | (7) |
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Indications for Parenteral Support |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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412 | (2) |
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Administering Parenteral Nutrition |
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414 | (2) |
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Managing Metabolic Complications |
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416 | (2) |
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Nutrition Support at Home |
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418 | (6) |
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Candidates for Home Nutrition Support |
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418 | (1) |
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Planning Home Nutrition Care |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (5) |
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Nutrition in Practice Ethical Issues in Nutrition Care |
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424 | (3) |
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Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress |
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427 | (19) |
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The Body's Responses to Stress and Injury |
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428 | (3) |
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Hormonal Responses to Stress |
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428 | (1) |
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The Inflammatory Response |
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429 | (2) |
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Nutrition Treatment of Acute Stress |
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431 | (4) |
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Determining Nutritional Requirements |
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431 | (3) |
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Approaches to Nutrition Care |
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434 | (1) |
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Nutrition and Respiratory Stress |
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435 | (8) |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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435 | (3) |
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438 | (5) |
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Nutrition in Practice Multiple Organ Failure |
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443 | (3) |
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Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders |
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446 | (23) |
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Conditions Affecting the Mouth and Esophagus |
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447 | (6) |
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447 | (1) |
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447 | (3) |
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
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450 | (3) |
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Conditions Affecting the Stomach |
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453 | (4) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (8) |
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457 | (3) |
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460 | (5) |
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Nutrition in Practice Inborn Errors of Metabolism |
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465 | (4) |
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Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders |
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469 | (26) |
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Common Problems of the Lower Intestine |
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470 | (6) |
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470 | (1) |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (1) |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (3) |
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476 | (9) |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
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479 | (3) |
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482 | (3) |
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Disorders of the Large Intestine |
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485 | (7) |
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485 | (1) |
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Diverticular Disease of the Colon |
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486 | (1) |
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487 | (5) |
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Nutrition in Practice Mental Health and Nutrition Status |
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492 | (3) |
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Nutrition and Liver Diseases |
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495 | (18) |
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Fatty Liver and Hepatitis |
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496 | (2) |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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498 | (7) |
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Consequences of Cirrhosis |
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499 | (2) |
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501 | (1) |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cirrhosis |
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502 | (3) |
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505 | (5) |
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Nutrition in Practice Alcohol in Health and Disease |
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510 | (3) |
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Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus |
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513 | (25) |
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Overview of Diabetes Mellitus |
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514 | (4) |
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514 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (1) |
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Acute Complications of Diabetes |
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516 | (1) |
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Chronic Complications of Diabetes |
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517 | (1) |
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Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus |
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518 | (11) |
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518 | (1) |
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Evaluating Diabetes Treatment |
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519 | (1) |
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520 | (1) |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy: Nutrient Recommendations |
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520 | (2) |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy: Meal-Planning Strategies |
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522 | (3) |
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525 | (2) |
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527 | (1) |
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Physical Activity and Diabetes Management |
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527 | (2) |
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529 | (1) |
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Diabetes Management in Pregnancy |
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529 | (6) |
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Pregnancy in Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes |
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530 | (1) |
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530 | (5) |
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Nutrition in Practice Metabolic Syndrome |
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535 | (3) |
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Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels |
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538 | (27) |
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539 | (2) |
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Consequences of Atherosclerosis |
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540 | (1) |
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Causes of Atherosclerosis |
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540 | (1) |
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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) |
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541 | (9) |
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Evaluating Risk for Coronary Heart Disease |
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541 | (3) |
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Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes for Lowering CHD Risk |
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544 | (4) |
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Lifestyle Changes for Hypertriglyceridemia |
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548 | (1) |
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Vitamin Supplementation and CHD Risk |
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548 | (1) |
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Drug Therapies for CHD Prevention |
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548 | (2) |
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Treatment for Heart Attack |
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550 | (1) |
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550 | (5) |
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Factors That Influence Blood Pressure |
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550 | (1) |
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Contributing Factors for Hypertension |
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551 | (1) |
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Treatment of Hypertension |
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552 | (3) |
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555 | (1) |
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Consequences of Congestive Heart Failure |
|
|
555 | (1) |
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Medical Management of Congestive Heart Failure |
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556 | (1) |
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556 | (5) |
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557 | (1) |
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557 | (4) |
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Nutrition in Practice Helping People with Feeding Disabilities |
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|
561 | (4) |
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Nutrition and Renal Diseases |
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|
565 | (25) |
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|
566 | (2) |
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Consequences of the Nephrotic Syndrome |
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|
567 | (1) |
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Treatment of the Nephrotic Syndrome |
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|
567 | (1) |
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|
568 | (4) |
|
Causes of Acute Renal Failure |
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|
568 | (2) |
|
Consequences of Acute Renal Failure |
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|
570 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Acute Renal Failure |
|
|
571 | (1) |
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|
572 | (8) |
|
Consequences of Chronic Renal Failure |
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|
573 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure |
|
|
574 | (3) |
|
|
|
577 | (3) |
|
|
|
580 | (7) |
|
Formation of Kidney Stones |
|
|
580 | (2) |
|
Consequences of Kidney Stones |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Stones |
|
|
582 | (5) |
|
Nutrition in Practice Dialysis |
|
|
587 | (3) |
|
Nutrition, Cancer, and HIV Infection |
|
|
590 | |
|
|
|
591 | (9) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Nutrition and Cancer Risk |
|
|
591 | (3) |
|
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
|
600 | (11) |
|
Consequences of HIV Infection |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
Treatments for HIV Infection |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Medical Nutrition Therapy for HIV Infection |
|
|
605 | (6) |
|
Nutrition in Practice Alternative Therapies |
|
|
611 | |
|
APPENDIX A Table of Food Composition |
|
|
3 | |
|
APPENDIX B WHO: Nutrition Recommendations Canada: Guidelines and Meal Planning |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Nutrition Recommendations from WHO |
|
|
|
Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating |
|
|
|
Canada's Meal Planning for Healthy Eating |
|
|
|
APPENDIX C United States: Exchange Lists |
|
|
|
The Exchange Groups and Lists |
|
|
|
APPENDIX D Physical Activity and Energy Requirements |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Calculating Your Physical Activity Level |
|
|
|
Guesstimating Your Physical Activity Level |
|
|
|
Using a Shortcut to Estimate Total Energy Expenditure |
|
|
|
APPENDIX E Nutrition Assessment: Supplemental Information |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Weight Gain during Pregnancy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Measures of Body Fat and Lean Tissue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
APPENDIX F Aids to Calculation |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
APPENDIX G Enteral Formulas |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
APPENDIX H Answers to Self Check Questions |
|
|
| Glossary |
|
1 | |
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