| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Mathematical symbols |
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xv | |
| Common abbreviations |
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xviii | |
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1 | (20) |
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General structure of the book |
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7 | (2) |
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Some biological ideas and notions |
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9 | (12) |
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Species definition and the nature of reproductive isolation |
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9 | (1) |
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Geographic modes of speciation |
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10 | (4) |
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Some speciation scenarios and patterns |
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14 | (7) |
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Part I FITNESS LANDSCAPES |
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21 | (32) |
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Working example: one-locus, two-allele model of viability selection |
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22 | (3) |
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Fitness landscape as fitness of gene combinations |
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25 | (5) |
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Fitness landscape as the mean fitness of populations |
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30 | (3) |
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The metaphor of fitness landscapes |
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33 | (7) |
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Wright's rugged fitness landscapes |
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34 | (2) |
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Fisher's single-peak fitness landscapes |
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36 | (2) |
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Kimura's flat fitness landscapes |
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38 | (2) |
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Fitness landscapes for mating pairs |
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40 | (1) |
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Fitness landscapes for quantitative traits |
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41 | (5) |
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Fitness landscape as fitness of trait combinations |
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41 | (1) |
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Fitness landscape as the mean fitness of populations |
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42 | (3) |
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Fitness landscape for mating pairs |
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45 | (1) |
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General comment on fitness landscapes |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (5) |
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Dynamics of allele frequencies in one-locus, multiallele population |
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49 | (1) |
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Hill climbing on a rugged fitness landscape |
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50 | (1) |
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Evolution on flat landscapes |
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51 | (2) |
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Steps toward speciation on rugged fitness landscapes |
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53 | (28) |
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Stochastic transitions between isolated fitness peaks |
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53 | (13) |
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Fixation of an underdominant mutation |
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54 | (6) |
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Peak shift in a quantitative character |
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60 | (2) |
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Fixation of compensatory mutations in a two-locus haploid population |
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62 | (4) |
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Some consequences of spatial subdivision and density fluctuations |
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66 | (9) |
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66 | (5) |
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Stochastic transitions in a growing population |
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71 | (4) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (4) |
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Diffusion theory: the probability of fixation |
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78 | (1) |
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Diffusion theory: the time to fixation |
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79 | (1) |
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Diffusion theory: the duration of transition |
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80 | (1) |
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Nearly neutral networks and holey fitness landscapes |
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81 | (36) |
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82 | (13) |
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Russian roulette model in two dimensions |
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83 | (3) |
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Russian roulette model on hypercubes |
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86 | (3) |
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Generalized Russian roulette model |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Stabilizing selection on an additive trait |
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91 | (1) |
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Models based on the Nk-model |
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92 | (3) |
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Neutral networks in RNA landscapes |
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95 | (2) |
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Neutral networks in protein landscapes |
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97 | (2) |
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Other evidence for nearly neutral networks |
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99 | (1) |
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The metaphor of holey fitness landscapes |
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100 | (5) |
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Deterministic evolution on a holey landscape |
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105 | (3) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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Stochastic evolution on a holey landscape |
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108 | (5) |
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108 | (4) |
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Dynamics of haploid populations |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
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Part II THE BATESON-DOBZHANSKY-MULLER MODEL |
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Speciation in the BDM model |
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117 | (32) |
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The BDM model of reproductive isolation |
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117 | (7) |
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Fitness landscapes in the BDM model |
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119 | (2) |
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The mechanisms of reproductive isolation in the BDM model |
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121 | (3) |
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Population genetics in the BDM model |
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124 | (6) |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (2) |
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Dynamics of speciation in the BDM model |
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130 | (13) |
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131 | (6) |
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137 | (6) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (4) |
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Hitting probability and hitting time in discrete-time Markov chains |
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146 | (1) |
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Genetic barrier to gene flow |
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147 | (2) |
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Multidimensional generalizations of the BDM model |
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149 | (46) |
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One- and two-locus, multiallele models |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (41) |
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152 | (2) |
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Divergent degeneration of duplicated genes |
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154 | (1) |
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Three- and four-locus models |
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155 | (3) |
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Accumulation of genetic incompatibilities |
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158 | (16) |
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174 | (11) |
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185 | (7) |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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Spatial patterns in the BDM model |
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195 | (38) |
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Individual-based models: spread of mutually incompatible neutral genes |
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197 | (10) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (5) |
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205 | (2) |
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Deme-based models: spread of mutually incompatible neutral genes |
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207 | (14) |
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207 | (3) |
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Parameters and dynamic characteristics |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (8) |
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219 | (2) |
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Deme-based models: spread of mutually incompatible advantageous genes |
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221 | (7) |
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Comment on adaptive radiation |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (3) |
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PART III SPECIATION VIA THE JOINT ACTION OF DISRUPTIVE NATURAL SELECTION AND NONRANDOM MATING |
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Maintenance of genetic variation under disruptive natural selection |
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233 | (46) |
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Spatially heterogeneous selection |
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235 | (16) |
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235 | (3) |
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Two-locus, two-allele haploid version of the Levene model |
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238 | (2) |
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Restricted migration between two niches |
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240 | (2) |
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Spatial gradients in selection |
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242 | (7) |
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249 | (2) |
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Spatially uniform disruptive selection |
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251 | (3) |
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Migration-selection balance: the Karlin-McGregor model |
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251 | (1) |
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Migration-selection balance: the Bazykin model |
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252 | (2) |
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Temporal variation in selection |
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254 | (1) |
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Frequency-dependent selection in a single population |
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255 | (22) |
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Phenomenological approach |
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256 | (1) |
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Intraspecific competition |
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257 | (6) |
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Spatially heterogeneous selection and competition |
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263 | (2) |
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Adaptive dynamics approach |
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265 | (12) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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Evolution of nonrandom mating and fertilization |
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279 | (52) |
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A general framework for modeling nonrandom mating and fertilization |
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280 | (7) |
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Random mating within mating pools joined preferentially |
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282 | (2) |
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Preferential mating within mating pools joined randomly |
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284 | (3) |
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Similarity-based nonrandom mating |
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287 | (22) |
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287 | (12) |
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299 | (10) |
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General conclusions on similarity-based nonrandom mating |
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309 | (1) |
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Matching-based nonrandom mating |
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309 | (18) |
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311 | (10) |
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321 | (4) |
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325 | (2) |
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General conclusions on matching-based nonrandom mating |
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327 | (1) |
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Nonrandom mating controlled by a culturally transmitted trait |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (1) |
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Interaction of disruptive selection and nonrandom mating |
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331 | (68) |
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Disruptive selection and similarity-based nonrandom mating |
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332 | (27) |
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333 | (19) |
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Single quantitative character |
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352 | (4) |
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Sympatric speciation with culturally transmitted mating preferences |
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356 | (3) |
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Disruptive selection and matching-based nonrandom mating |
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359 | (9) |
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359 | (5) |
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364 | (4) |
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368 | (19) |
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369 | (1) |
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Two loci: speciation by sexual conflict |
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370 | (4) |
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Single polygenic character |
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374 | (10) |
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Two polygenic characters: speciation by sexual selection |
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384 | (3) |
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Disruptive selection and modifiers of mating |
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387 | (9) |
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396 | (2) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (20) |
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The structure of fitness landscapes and speciation |
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399 | (2) |
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401 | (1) |
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401 | (2) |
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403 | (3) |
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Some speciation scenarios and patterns |
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406 | (6) |
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General rules of evolutionary diversification |
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412 | (2) |
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414 | (2) |
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Some open theoretical questions |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (2) |
| References |
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419 | (38) |
| Index |
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457 | |
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