| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Less Common Alphabet Symbols |
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xvii | |
| Abbreviations and Symbols |
|
xix | |
| Chapter One Introduction |
|
1 | (34) |
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1. The Balkan Sprachbund phenomenon |
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1 | (2) |
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2. Which features count as Balkan Sprachbund features? |
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|
3 | (24) |
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3 | (12) |
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Schaller's primary and secondary Balkanisms |
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15 | (3) |
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Sotta's morphological, syntactic and "other" Balkanisms |
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18 | (3) |
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Golab's typological similarities |
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21 | (2) |
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Lindstedt's Balkanization index |
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23 | (1) |
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Balkan Sprachbund features singled out in general linguistics books |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (1) |
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3. How did the Balkan Sprachbund features develop? |
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27 | (2) |
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4. The Balkan Sprachbund features in this book |
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29 | (6) |
| Chapter Two Ethno-Historical Considerations |
|
35 | (14) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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3. Greek in retrospective |
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36 | (2) |
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4. Origin of the Balkan Romance languages |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (2) |
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6. The Balkan Slavic languages |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (1) |
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8 Turkey and Turkish on the Balkans |
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46 | (3) |
| Chapter Three Cases and Articles |
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49 | (190) |
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49 | (37) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (8) |
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63 | (9) |
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Possessive clitics and non-clitic pronominal possessive modifiers |
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72 | (9) |
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Use of prepositions to express case relations |
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81 | (5) |
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86 | (22) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (6) |
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94 | (7) |
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Possessive clitics and non-clitic pronominal possessive modifiers |
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101 | (5) |
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Use of prepositions to express case relations |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (10) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (7) |
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Use of prepositions to express case relations |
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118 | (1) |
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4. The South-Eastern Serbian dialects |
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118 | (7) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Use of prepositions to express case relations |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (27) |
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125 | (9) |
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134 | (5) |
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Possessive pronominal modifiers |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (4) |
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Use of prepositions to express case relations |
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147 | (5) |
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152 | (15) |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (6) |
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Pronominal possessive modifiers |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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Use of prepositions to express case relations |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (19) |
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167 | (5) |
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172 | (5) |
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Pronominal possessive modifiers |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (2) |
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Use of prepositions to express case relations |
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180 | (6) |
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186 | (17) |
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186 | (4) |
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190 | (4) |
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194 | (5) |
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Pronominal possessive modifiers |
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199 | (1) |
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Use of prepositions to express case relations |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (126) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (7) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (5) |
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Use of prepositions to express case relations |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (17) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
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227 | (6) |
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Pronominal possessive modifiers |
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233 | (2) |
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Prepositions and case relations |
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235 | (4) |
| Chapter Four Clitic Clusters and Clitic Doubling |
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239 | (94) |
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242 | (17) |
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Macedonian clausal clitic system |
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242 | (10) |
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Direct object clitic-doubling |
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252 | (3) |
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Indirect-object clitic-doubling |
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255 | (2) |
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Clitic-doubling of "wh" words |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (12) |
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Bulgarian clausal clitic system |
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260 | (5) |
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Conditions for clitic-doubling of lexical nominals |
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265 | (3) |
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Clitic-doubling of pronouns |
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268 | (1) |
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Clitic-doubling of "wh" words |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (8) |
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Serbo-Croatian clausal clitic system |
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271 | (5) |
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276 | (1) |
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Clitic-doubling in the eastern periphery of the South-Eastern Serbian dialects |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (13) |
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Romanian clausal clitic system |
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279 | (5) |
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Direct-object clitic-doubling |
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284 | (3) |
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Indirect- object clitic-doubling |
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287 | (1) |
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Clitic-doubling of "wh" words |
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288 | (4) |
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292 | (7) |
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Megleno-Romanian clausal clitic system |
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292 | (3) |
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Direct-object clitic-doubling |
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295 | (2) |
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Indirect-object clitic-doubling |
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297 | (1) |
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Clitic-doubling of "wh" words |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (8) |
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Aromanian clausal clitic system |
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300 | (3) |
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Direct-object clitic-doubling |
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303 | (1) |
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Indirect-object clitic-doubling |
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304 | (1) |
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Clitic-doubling of "wh" words |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (8) |
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Albanian clausal clitic system |
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307 | (3) |
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Indirect-object clitic-doubling |
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310 | (1) |
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Direct-object clitic-doubling |
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310 | (4) |
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Clitic-doubling of "wh" words |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (14) |
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Modern Greek clausal clitic system |
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315 | (4) |
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Direct-object clitic-doubling |
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319 | (5) |
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Indirect-object clitic-doubling |
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324 | (2) |
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Clitic-doubling of "wh" words |
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326 | (2) |
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Clitic-doubling in coordinate structures |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (4) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (3) |
| Chapter Five The Perfect and the Evidential |
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333 | (80) |
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336 | (15) |
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Forms of the "be" and "have" present and past perfect |
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337 | (3) |
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Use of the "be" perfect in subsystem (A) |
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340 | (2) |
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Use of the "be" past perfect |
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342 | (1) |
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Uses of the "have" perfects |
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342 | (3) |
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"Be" perfect with passive participles |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (5) |
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351 | (10) |
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The Bulgarian perfect and its relationship to the aorist and the imperfect |
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351 | (6) |
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357 | (2) |
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Evidential functions of the Bulgarian perfects |
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359 | (1) |
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The probabilitive mood of the Bulgarian village of Novo Selo |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (8) |
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The Serbo-Croatian perfect |
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361 | (3) |
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364 | (2) |
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Present and past perfects in the South-Eastern Serbian dialects |
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366 | (3) |
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369 | (7) |
|
Simple and composite perfects |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (1) |
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Use of the "be" auxiliary |
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372 | (3) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (7) |
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Forms of the Megleno-Romanian perfects |
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377 | (1) |
|
Use of the Megleno-Romanian present perfect |
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378 | (2) |
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Use of the Megleno-Romanian past perfect |
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380 | (1) |
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Use of the inverted present perfect |
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380 | (1) |
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Use of the inverted past perfect |
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381 | (1) |
|
Use of the "be" auxiliary |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (6) |
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Forms of the Aromanian "have" perfect |
|
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384 | (1) |
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Use of the Aromanian present perfect |
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385 | (1) |
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Use of the Aromanian past perfect |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Use of the "be" auxiliary |
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387 | (2) |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (8) |
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Forms of the Albanian perfect tenses |
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390 | (1) |
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Use of the perfect tenses in Standard and Tosk Albanian |
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|
391 | (2) |
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393 | (2) |
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Use of the evidential forms |
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395 | (2) |
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397 | (3) |
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Northern Geg Albanian perfect forms |
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397 | (1) |
|
Use of the perfect tenses in Northern Geg Albanian |
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|
398 | (2) |
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400 | (7) |
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Forms of the Modern Greek perfect tenses |
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|
401 | (1) |
|
Use of the Modem Greek perfect tenses |
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402 | (4) |
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Use of the "be" auxiliary |
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|
406 | (1) |
|
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|
407 | (6) |
|
The "be" auxiliary and its use in the formation of the Arli analytic tenses |
|
|
407 | (3) |
|
Use of the Arli "he" perfect and its interrelationship with the composite past tense |
|
|
410 | (3) |
| Chapter Six Infinitives and Subjunctives |
|
413 | (244) |
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|
416 | (40) |
|
An Infinite-like function of verbal nouns |
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|
416 | (1) |
|
The subjunctive marker in contrast with indicative complementizers |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Forms of verbs in the subjunctive construction |
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419 | (5) |
|
Typical uses of subjunctive constructions |
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|
424 | (7) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of the impersonal modals ima and nema |
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|
431 | (2) |
|
Subjunctive complements with "wh" words as arguments or adjuncts |
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or as adjuncts |
|
|
435 | (4) |
|
Bare subjunctive constructions |
|
|
439 | (5) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of modal clitics |
|
|
444 | (2) |
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|
446 | (5) |
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|
451 | (3) |
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Sentences with temporal clauses |
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|
454 | (2) |
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|
456 | (28) |
|
Remnants of the infinitive |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
The subjunctive marker in contrast with indicative complementizers |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
Forms of verbs in the subjunctive construction |
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|
459 | (3) |
|
Typical uses of subjunctive constructions |
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|
462 | (6) |
|
Subjunctive complements with "wh" words as arguments or adjuncts |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or as adjuncts |
|
|
470 | (3) |
|
Bare subjunctive constructions |
|
|
473 | (3) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of auxiliary modals |
|
|
476 | (1) |
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|
476 | (6) |
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|
482 | (2) |
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|
484 | (27) |
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|
484 | (1) |
|
Future tense with infinitives |
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485 | (3) |
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|
488 | (1) |
|
Forms of verbs in the subjunctive construction |
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|
489 | (3) |
|
Typical uses of the subjunctive construction |
|
|
492 | (7) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of the modals imati and nemati |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of the frozen form of biti |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive complements with "wh" words as arguments or adjuncts |
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|
500 | (2) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or as adjuncts |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Bare subjunctive constructions |
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|
503 | (4) |
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|
507 | (1) |
|
Future tenses with subjunctive constructions |
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|
508 | (3) |
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|
511 | (29) |
|
"Short" and "long" infinitives |
|
|
511 | (4) |
|
Romanian future tense with infinitives and present conditional tense |
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|
515 | (2) |
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|
517 | (2) |
|
Forms of verbs in the subjunctive construction |
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519 | (2) |
|
Typical uses of subjunctive constructions |
|
|
521 | (6) |
|
Romanian future tenses with subjunctive constructions |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of raising verbs |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive complements with "wh"-words as arguments or adjuncts |
|
|
529 | (2) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or as adjuncts |
|
|
531 | (3) |
|
Bare subjunctive constructions |
|
|
534 | (3) |
|
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|
537 | (3) |
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|
|
540 | (18) |
|
Use of the Megleno-Romanian infinitive |
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|
540 | (1) |
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|
|
541 | (1) |
|
Forms of verbs in the subjunctive construction |
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|
542 | (1) |
|
Typical uses of subjunctive constructions |
|
|
542 | (5) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of the modal ari |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive complements with "wh"-words as arguments or adjuncts |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or as adjuncts |
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|
549 | (4) |
|
Bare subjunctive constructions |
|
|
553 | (4) |
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|
557 | (1) |
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558 | (23) |
|
Use of the infinitive forms |
|
|
558 | (1) |
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559 | (1) |
|
Forms of verbs in the subjunctive construction |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Typical uses of subjunctive constructions |
|
|
560 | (5) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of the modal are |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive complements with "wh"-words as arguments or adjuncts |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or as adjuncts |
|
|
568 | (5) |
|
Bare subjunctive constructions |
|
|
573 | (3) |
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|
|
576 | (2) |
|
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|
578 | (2) |
|
Sentences with temporal clauses |
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|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
581 | (28) |
|
Formation of the (Tosk) Albanian participle |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
"Infinitival" usage of the Standard and Tosk Albanian participle |
|
|
582 | (3) |
|
Subjunctive constructions in contrast with indicative complements |
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|
585 | (2) |
|
Forms of verbs in the subjunctive construction |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Typical uses of the subjunctive constructions |
|
|
587 | (6) |
|
Subjunctive complements with "wh" words as arguments or adjuncts |
|
|
593 | (2) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or as adjuncts |
|
|
595 | (2) |
|
Bare subjunctive constructions |
|
|
597 | (6) |
|
(Tosk) Albanian future tenses |
|
|
603 | (4) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Sentences with temporal clauses |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (4) |
|
Forms of the infinitive in North Geg Albanian |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Use of the infinitive in North Geg Albanian |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Northen Geg Albanian future tenses |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Interaction of the infinitive and the subjunctive construction in conditional sentences |
|
|
611 | (2) |
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|
|
613 | (23) |
|
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
The subjunctive marker in contrast with indicative complementizers |
|
|
613 | (2) |
|
Forms of verbs in subjunctive constructions |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
Typical uses of subjunctive constructions |
|
|
616 | (6) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of the modal exo |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of raising verbs |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive complements with "wh" words as arguments or adjuncts |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or as adjuncts |
|
|
624 | (5) |
|
Bare subjunctive constructions |
|
|
629 | (3) |
|
Modern Greek future tenses |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
Sentences with temporal clauses |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
|
|
636 | (71) |
|
The subjunctive marker in contrast with indicative complementizers |
|
|
636 | (2) |
|
Forms of verbs in subjunctive constructions |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Typical uses of subjunctive constructions |
|
|
639 | (4) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as complements of the modals isi and na(n)e |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
Subjunctive complements with "wh" words as arguments or adjuncts |
|
|
644 | (2) |
|
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or as adjuncts |
|
|
646 | (2) |
|
Bare subjunctive constructions |
|
|
648 | (4) |
|
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
Sentences with temporal clauses |
|
|
655 | (2) |
| Appendix One Core Vocabularies |
|
657 | (26) |
| Appendix Two Sample Texts |
|
683 | (14) |
| Appendix Three Languages Spoken on the Balkans |
|
697 | (10) |
| References |
|
707 | (14) |
|
Books and papers referred to in the text |
|
|
707 | (11) |
|
|
|
718 | (3) |
| Subject Index |
|
721 | (20) |
| Index of languages, dialects, ethnonyms and toponyms |
|
741 | (6) |
| Author Index |
|
747 | |
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