Teach Yourself Geology: Rothery, David: 9780071439725: Book: Science: eCampus.com

This comprehensive introduction to the nature and history of the Earth digs deep into topics ranging from volcanoes and earthquakes to the implications of our limited natural resources. Any science enthusiast wanting a more in-depth understanding of geology will find fascinating explanations of the origin and evolution of the Earth; rocks, minerals, and fossils; key geological processes; and the geology of other planets. Readers will even learn how to carry out their own fieldwork. The accessible text is enhanced throughout with illustrations, photographs, and annotated diagrams.

acknowledgements

01 introduction: a mighty matter of legend

(4)

rock types and the rock cycle

(1)

layout of this book

(1)

02 the solid Earth

(20)

the atmosphere and its development

(1)

the Earth's interior

(1)

seismic waves

(2)

the Earth's core

(2)

evidence from magnestism

(1)

the Earth's crust and mantle - compositional layers

(4)

summary of compositional layers 16 another kind of layering - strong and weak

(2)

the Earth's heat

(1)

radiogenic heating

(1)

radiometric dating and the age of the Earth

(1)

the origin of the Earth and the Solar System

(2)

a warning

(2)

03 earthquakes

(11)

how earthquakes happen

(1)

measuring earthquakes

(2)

protecting structures from earthquake damage

(4)

earthquake preparedness

(1)

prediction and prevention

(2)

'tidal waves'

(1)

04 plate tectonics

(15)

moving plates

(1)

plates colliding

(2)

plates moving apart

(2)

magnetic stripes on the ocean floor

(1)

the break-up of a continent

(1)

the life-cycle of an ocean

(2)

plates sliding past each other

(1)

the global picture

(2)

what makes it happen?

(2)

05 volcanoes

(24)

magma origin and eruption

(2)

magmatic gases and explosive eruptions

(2)

volcanic hazards

(8)

ignimbrite eruptions

(2)

volcanoes associated with continental rifting

(1)

volcanism at ocean ridges

(3)

Hawaiian volcanism

(2)

lava hazards

(1)

predicting eruptions

(2)

widespread effects of eruptions

(1)

06 igneous intrusions

(13)

minerals

(2)

crystallization of minerals in cooling magma

(1)

granite

(4)

basaltic intrusions in the oceanic crust

(1)

dykes and sills

(2)

grain sizes in igneous rocks

(2)

07 metamorphism

(9)

thermal metamorphism

(3)

regional metamorphism

(1)

metamorphic facies

(1)

textures of metamorphic rocks

(3)

08 erosion and transport

(13)

chemical breakdown of minerals during weathering

(1)

physical weathering

(2)

sand-sized grains in wind and water

101

(2)

moving ice

103

(1)

glacial landscapes

104

(1)

erosion by rivers and streams

105

(1)

drainage patterns

106

(1)

marine erosion

107

(3)

09 deposition of sedimentary rocks

110

(26)

ripples and dunes

111

(3)

turbidity currents

114

(2)

current directions

116

(1)

waves

117

(1)

finer and coarser sediments

117

(1)

other means of transport

118

(1)

using sediments to interpret ancient environments

119

(1)

depositional environments associated with rivers

119

(3)

flash floods

122

(1)

deltas and estuaries

123

(2)

prograding deltas

125

(2)

logging a sedimentary sequence

127

(1)

beaches and other coastal environments

127

(1)

evaporite deposits

128

(2)

limestone

130

(2)

turning sediment into rock

132

(4)

10 deformation of rocks

136

(15)

different types of steep fault

137

(3)

low-angle faults

140

(2)

thrust belts and collision zones

142

(3)

brittle faults versus shear zones

145

(1)

folds

146

(1)

shapes and styles of folding

146

(3)

unconformities

149

(2)

11 physical resources

151

(19)

reserves and resources

152

(2)

origins of oil and gas

154

(1)

oil and gas reservoirs

155

(1)

exploration for oil and gas

156

(2)

the origin of coal

158

(1)

mining techniques

159

(2)

ores and their origins

161

(2)

ore exploration

163

(1)

mining of ores

164

(1)

diagenetic and sedimentary ore bodies

165

(2)

non-metallic raw materials

167

(1)

making good the damage

168

(1)

water resources

168

(2)

12 past life and fossils

170

(18)

the origin of life

171

(1)

the first bacteria

172

(1)

more complex cells

173

(1)

multicellular organisms

173

(1)

the major animal phyla appear

174

(2)

vascular plants and life on land

176

(1)

the mammals take over

177

(1)

mass extinctions and adaptive radiations

178

(1)

how fossils form

179

(3)

exceptional preservation

182

(1)

plant fossils

183

(1)

the use of fossils in stratigraphy

184

(4)

13 a short history of the Earth

188

(17)

the Earth's first crust

189

(3)

Archean plate tectonics?

192

(1)

the growth of cratons

192

(2)

the Proterozoic Eon

194

(1)

Phanerozoic plate configurations

194

(7)

climate change

201

(2)

the future history of the Earth

203

(2)

14 geology on other planets

205

(15)

impact craters

206

(3)

the Moon

209

(1)

Mercury

210

(1)

Venus

210

(2)

Mars

212

(2)

the asteriods

214

(1)

215

(1)

large icy bodies

216

(3)

geology among the stars

219

(1)

15 going into the field

220

(11)

things to do in the field

221

(2)

field equipment

223

(4)

field safety

227

(1)

fieldwork code of practice

228

(1)

geological maps and guidebooks

228

(1)

suggestions for field projects

229

(2)

appendix 1: minerals

231

(8)

appendix 2: rock names

239

(6)

igneous rocks

239

(2)

metamorphic rocks

241

(2)

sedimentary rocks

243

(2)

appendix 3: geologic time

245

(2)

glossary

247

(6)

taking it further

253

(1)

websites

253

(3)

Index

256

David Rothery is a geologist who has done research in many parts of the world, and even on some other planets.


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