| Preface |
|
xxi | |
| Introduction The Cosmic Landscape |
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
Galaxy Clusters and the Universe |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
|
11 | (10) |
|
|
|
15 | (6) |
|
|
|
21 | (36) |
|
|
|
22 | (13) |
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
Motions of the Sun and Stars |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
The Planets and the Zodiac |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Early Ideas of the Heavens: Classical Astronomy |
|
|
35 | (7) |
|
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
Distance and Size of Sun and Moon |
|
|
37 | (2) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Diameter of Astronomical Objects |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
The Motion of the Planets |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
Astronomy in the Renaissance |
|
|
42 | (7) |
|
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
|
|
44 | (3) |
|
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
Isaac Newton and the Birth of Astrophysics |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
The Growth of Astrophysics |
|
|
49 | (8) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
The Nature of Matter and Heat |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
The Kelvin Temperature Scale |
|
|
50 | (4) |
|
|
|
54 | (3) |
| ESSAY 1 Backyard Astronomy |
|
57 | (120) |
|
Learning the Constellations |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (13) |
|
Atoms, Forces, Light, and How We Learn About the Universe |
|
|
69 | (8) |
|
|
|
77 | (16) |
|
Solving the Problem of Astronomical Motion |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
|
78 | (2) |
|
Orbital Motion and Gravity |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Newton's Second Law of Motion |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Measuring a Body's Mass Using Orbital Motion |
|
|
84 | (2) |
|
|
|
86 | (2) |
|
|
|
88 | (5) |
|
|
|
93 | (30) |
|
|
|
94 | (3) |
|
The Nature of Light---Waves or Particles? |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
Characterizing Electromagnetic Waves by Their Frequency |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Beyond Visible Light |
|
|
97 | (6) |
|
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Energy Carried by Electromagnetic Radiation |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
Wien's Law: a Wavelength-Temperature Relation |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Taking the Temperature of the Sun |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Blackbodies and Wien's Law |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
|
|
106 | (6) |
|
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
Identifying Atoms by their Light |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
Absorption in the Atmosphere |
|
|
112 | (11) |
|
|
|
117 | (6) |
|
|
|
123 | (30) |
|
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
Shape and Size of the Earth |
|
|
124 | (2) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring The Earth's Mass |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
|
127 | (5) |
|
Probing the Interior with Earthquake Waves |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
Heating of the Earth's Core |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
Motions in the Earth's Interior |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
Convection in the Earth's Interior |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
|
133 | (3) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring Motion of Plates Across Time |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
|
137 | (4) |
|
Composition of the Atmosphere |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
Structure of the Atmosphere |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
The Earth's Magnetic Field |
|
|
141 | (3) |
|
Origin of Earth's Magnetic Field |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
Magnetic Effects in the Upper Atmosphere |
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
|
|
144 | (9) |
|
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
Air and Ocean Circulation: The Coriolis Effect |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
|
|
148 | (3) |
|
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
|
|
153 | (24) |
|
|
|
154 | (8) |
|
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
|
154 | (2) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Refraction |
|
|
156 | (5) |
|
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
Observing at Nonvisible Wavelengths |
|
|
164 | (4) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Exploring New Wavelengths: Gamma Rays |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Observing the Crab Nebula at Many Wavelengths |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
|
168 | (5) |
|
|
|
169 | (2) |
|
Space Observatories versus Ground-Based Observatories |
|
|
171 | (2) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
|
|
176 | (1) |
| ESSAY 2 Keeping Time |
|
177 | (352) |
|
Length of the Daylight Hours |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
|
177 | (3) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Names of the Months and Days |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
The Abbreviations A.M., P.M., B.C., and A.D. |
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
|
|
185 | (32) |
|
|
|
186 | (4) |
|
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
Origin of Lunar Surface Features |
|
|
188 | (2) |
|
|
|
190 | (2) |
|
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
The Absence of a Lunar Atmosphere |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Orbit and Motions of the Moon |
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
Oddities of the Moon's Orbit |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Origin and History of the Moon |
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
|
|
196 | (5) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
|
|
201 | (4) |
|
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (12) |
|
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
|
|
209 | (8) |
|
Survey of the Solar System |
|
|
217 | (22) |
|
Components of the Solar System |
|
|
219 | (7) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
Composition Differences between the Inner and Outer Planets |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Density as a Measure of a Planet's Composition |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Bode's Law: The Search for Order |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Origin of the Solar System |
|
|
226 | (13) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
Formation of the Solar Nebula |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Condensation in the Solar Nebula |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Accretion and Planetesimals |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Final Stages of Planet Formation |
|
|
231 | (2) |
|
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Cleaning up the Solar System |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Remodeling: Other Planetary Systems |
|
|
234 | (5) |
|
|
|
239 | (32) |
|
Portraits of the Terrestrial Planets |
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
|
|
242 | (5) |
|
Mercury's Temperature and Atmosphere |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
|
|
247 | (6) |
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
249 | (3) |
|
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
253 | (10) |
|
|
|
257 | (3) |
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
Why Are the Terrestrial Planets so Different? |
|
|
263 | (2) |
|
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Role of Internal Activity |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Role of Biological Processes |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
|
265 | (6) |
|
|
|
271 | (26) |
|
|
|
272 | (8) |
|
Appearance and Physical Properties |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (3) |
|
|
|
280 | (5) |
|
Saturn's Appearance and Physical Properties |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (2) |
|
Origin of Planetary Rings |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (3) |
|
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (4) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
Neptune's Rings and Moons |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
|
292 | (5) |
|
Meteors, Asteroids, and Comets |
|
|
297 | (28) |
|
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
|
300 | (5) |
|
|
|
300 | (2) |
|
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
|
302 | (2) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
305 | (7) |
|
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
Formation of the Comet's Tail |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Light from the Comet's Tail |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Fate of Short-Period Comets |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (13) |
|
|
|
312 | (2) |
|
Mass Extinction and Asteroid/Comet Impacts |
|
|
314 | (3) |
|
|
|
317 | (2) |
|
|
|
319 | (6) |
|
|
|
325 | (26) |
|
|
|
326 | (5) |
|
Measuring the Sun's Properties |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
331 | (4) |
|
Internal Balance (Hydrostatic Equilibrium) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
The Structure of Hydrogen and Helium |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (3) |
|
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (5) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Heating of the Chromosphere and Corona |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Detecting Magnetic Fields: the Zeeman Effect |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (8) |
|
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
Changes in the Solar Cycle |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Links between the Solar Cycle and Terrestrial Climate |
|
|
345 | (4) |
|
|
|
349 | (2) |
|
Measuring the Properties of Stars |
|
|
351 | (34) |
|
Measuring a Star's Distance |
|
|
352 | (3) |
|
Measuring Distance by Triangulation and Parallax |
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Distance to Sirius |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
Measuring Distance by the Standard Candle Method |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Measuring the Properties of Stars from Their Light |
|
|
355 | (7) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
The Inverse-Square Law and Measuring a Star's Luminosity |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Radius of the Star Sirius |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
362 | (6) |
|
Measuring a Star's Composition |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
How Temperature Affects a Star's Spectrum |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Classification of Stellar Spectra |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Definition of the Spectral Classes |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Measuring a Star's Motion |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
Visual and Spectroscopic Binaries |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Measuring Stellar Masses with Binary Stars |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Summary of Stellar Properties |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (5) |
|
Constructing the H-R Diagram |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Analyzing the H-R Diagram |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
The Mass-Luminosity Relation |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Summary of the H-R Diagram |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
Finding a Star's Distance by the Method of Standard Candles |
|
|
379 | (6) |
|
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
|
|
385 | (28) |
|
|
|
386 | (4) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
The Life Story of a High-Mass Star |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
The Importance of Gravity |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (4) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Bipolar Flows from Young Stars |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (2) |
|
Why a Star's Mass Determines Its Core Temperature |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Structure of High-Mass and Low-Mass Stars |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Main-Sequence Lifetime of a Star |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
Leaving the Main Sequence |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Nuclear Fuels Heavier than Hydrogen |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Degeneracy in Low-Mass Stars |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Yellow Giants and Pulsating Stars |
|
|
398 | (2) |
|
|
|
398 | (2) |
|
The Period-Luminosity Relation |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Death of Stars Like the Sun |
|
|
400 | (2) |
|
Ejection of a Low-Mass Star's Outer Layers |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (4) |
|
Formation of Heavy Elements: Nucleosynthesis |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Core Collapse of Massive Stars |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
History of Stellar Evolution Theories |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Testing Stellar Evolution Theory |
|
|
407 | (6) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring The Age of a Star Cluster |
|
|
408 | (5) |
|
Stellar Remnants: White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes |
|
|
413 | (26) |
|
|
|
414 | (4) |
|
General Properties, Origin, and Fate |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Structure of White Dwarfs |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Degeneracy and the Chandrasekhar Limit |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
White Dwarfs in Binary Systems: Novas and Supernovas of Type I |
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
|
|
418 | (6) |
|
General Properties and Origin |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
Emission from Neutron Stars |
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (15) |
|
The Formation of Black Holes |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Gravitational Waves from Double Compact Stars |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (5) |
|
The Milky Way and Other Galaxies |
|
|
433 | (6) |
|
|
|
439 | (34) |
|
Discovering the Milky Way |
|
|
441 | (3) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
Overview of the Milky Way |
|
|
444 | (2) |
|
|
|
444 | (2) |
|
Mass of the Milky Way and the Number of Stars |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
446 | (5) |
|
Stellar Censuses and the Mass Function |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Two Stellar Populations: Population I and Population II |
|
|
447 | (2) |
|
|
|
449 | (2) |
|
Gas and Dust in the Milky Way |
|
|
451 | (6) |
|
Interstellar Dust: Obscuration and Reddening |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Visible Emission from Interstellar Gas |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
Radio Waves from Cold Interstellar Gas |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Mapping the Milky Way with Radio Waves |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Motion of Stars and Gas in the Milky Way |
|
|
457 | (3) |
|
|
|
460 | (3) |
|
Diameter of the Milky Way |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Mass of the Milky Way |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Sun's Speed Around the Milky Way |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
|
|
465 | (8) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Collapse of the Proto-Milky Way and the Birth of Population I and II Stars |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
The Future of the Milky Way |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
|
|
473 | (32) |
|
|
|
474 | (10) |
|
Early Observations of Galaxies |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (4) |
|
Differences in the Stellar and Gas Content of Galaxies |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
The Cause of Galaxy Types |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Galaxy Collisions and Mergers |
|
|
481 | (3) |
|
Measuring Properties of Galaxies |
|
|
484 | (4) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Distance of a Galaxy Using Cepheid Variables |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
The Redshift and the Hubble Law |
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
Measuring the Diameter of a Galaxy |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Other Ways to Measure a Galaxy's Distance |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Measuring the Mass of a Galaxy |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
|
490 | (5) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Cause of Activity in Galaxies |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Measuring the Diameter of Astronomical Objects by Using Their Light Variability |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
Quasars as Probes of Intergalactic Space |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (9) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Dark Matter and Gravitational Lenses |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Rich and Poor Galaxy Clusters |
|
|
498 | (2) |
|
|
|
500 | (4) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (24) |
|
Observations of the Universe |
|
|
506 | (9) |
|
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Extending Our Reach: Estimating the Age of the Universe |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Re-Modeling: Age Discrepancy |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Are We at the Center of the Universe? |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
The Cosmic Microwave Background |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
Composition of the Oldest Stars |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Conclusions Deduced from the Basic Observations of the Universe |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Evolution of the Universe: Open or Closed? |
|
|
515 | (3) |
|
The Density of the Universe |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
A Cosmological Repulsion? |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
The Shape of the Universe |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
The Origin of the Universe |
|
|
519 | (3) |
|
Radiation, Matter, and Antimatter in the Early Universe |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
History of Matter and Radiation in the Early Universe |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
The Formation of Galaxies |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
The Inflationary Universe |
|
|
522 | (7) |
|
Extending Our Imagination: Grand Unified Theories |
|
|
523 | (6) |
| ESSAY 3 Life in the Universe |
|
529 | (12) |
|
|
|
529 | (3) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
Deductions from the Unity of Life and the Time Line |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Origin of Complex Organisms |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
Life Elsewhere in the Universe |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
Arguments for Many Worlds |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
Searching for Life Elsewhere |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (4) |
| Answers to Test Yourself |
|
541 | (1) |
| Appendix Powers-of-Ten Notation |
|
542 | (1) |
| Some Useful Formulas |
|
542 | (11) |
| Solving Distance, Velocity, Time (D, v, t) |
|
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Physical and Astronomical Constants |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
Conversion between American and Metric Units |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Physical Properties of the Planets |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Orbital Properties of the Planets |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Satellites of the Solar System |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
Properties of Main-Sequence Stars |
|
|
550 | (3) |
| Glossary |
|
553 | (10) |
| Index |
|
563 | |
Shopping Cart
