Physics in Biology and Medicine: Davidovits: 9780122048401: Book: Science: eCampus.com

This interdisciplinary introductory text covers topics in physics as they apply to the life sciences, specifically medicine, physiology, nursing and other applied health fields.
Physics for Biology and Medicine, Second Edition is a concise introductory paperback that surveys and relates basic physics to living systems. It discusses biological systems that can be analyzed quantitatively and how advances in the life sciences have been aided by physical or engineering analysis. Applicable courses are Biophysics and Applied Physics

* Provides many practical techniques for applying knowledge of physics to the study of living systems
* Explains the operation of modern medical devices such as Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in simple understandable terms
* Presents material in a straightforward manner requiring very little background in physics or biology
* Includes many figures, examples, and illustrative problems
* Includes appendices which provide convenient access to the most important concepts of mechanics, electricity, and optics

Boston College, MA. Furthers the understanding of the subject by relating important concepts in physics to living systems. Applications of physics in biology and medicine are emphasized. Presumes no previous knowledge of biology. Biological systems are described in only enough detail for physical analysis. For first-semester premed courses. Soft.

Preface

xiii

Static Forces

(22)

Equilibrium and Stability

(1)

Equilibrium Considerations for the Human Body

(1)

Stability of the Human Body under the Action of an External Force

(3)

Skeletal Muscles

(3)

Levers

(1)

The Elbow

(4)

The Hip

(2)

Limping

(1)

The Back

(2)

Standing Tip-Toe on One Foot

(1)

Dynamic Aspects of Posture

(4)

Exercises

(2)

Friction

(7)

Standing at an Incline

(1)

Friction at the Hip Joint

(1)

Spine Fin of a Catfish

(3)

Exercises

(2)

Translational Motion

(14)

Vertical Jump

(3)

Effect of Gravity on the Vertical Jump

(1)

Running High Jump

(1)

Range of a Projectile

(1)

Standing Broad Jump

(1)

Running Broad Jump

(1)

Motion through Air

(2)

Energy Consumed in Physical Activity

(3)

Exercises

(2)

Angular Motion

(12)

Forces on a Curved Path

(2)

A Runner on a Curved Track

(1)

Pendulum

(1)

Walking

(1)

Physical Pendulum

(1)

Speed of Walking and Running

(2)

Energy Expended in Running

(4)

Exercises

(2)

Elasticity and Strength of Materials

(11)

Longitudinal Stretch and Compression

(1)

A Spring

(2)

Bone Fracture: Energy Considerations

(2)

Impulsive Forces

(1)

Fracture Due to a Fall: Impulsive Force Considerations

(1)

Airbags: Inflating Collision Protection Devices

(1)

Whiplash Injury

(1)

Falling from Great Height

(2)

Exercises

(2)

Insect Flight

(9)

Hovering Flight

(2)

Insect Wing Muscles

(1)

Power Required for Hovering

(2)

Kinetic Energy of Wings in Flight

(1)

Elasticity of Wings

(3)

Exercises

(2)

Fluids

(16)

Force and Pressure in a Fluid

(1)

Pascal's Principle

(1)

Hydrostatic Skeleton

(3)

Archimedes' Principle

(1)

Power Required to Remain Afloat

(1)

Buoyancy of Fish

(1)

Surface Tension

(3)

Soil Water

(1)

Insect Locomotion on Water

(2)

Contraction of Muscles

(3)

Exercises

(2)

The Motion of Fluids

(14)

Bernoulli's Equation

(2)

Viscosity and Poiseuille's Law

(1)

Turbulent Flow

(1)

Circulation of the Blood

(2)

Blood Pressure

(2)

Control of Blood Flow

100

(1)

Energetics of Blood Flow

100

(1)

Turbulence in the Blood

101

(1)

Arteriosclerosis and Blood Flow

101

(2)

Power Produced by the Heart

103

(1)

Measurement of Blood Pressure

103

(3)

Exercises

104

(2)

Heat and Kinetic Theory

106

(18)

Heat and Hotness

106

(1)

Kinetic Theory of Matter

106

(3)

Definitions

109

(1)

Unit of Heat

109

(1)

Specific Heat

109

(1)

Latent Heats

110

(1)

Transfer of Heat

110

(6)

Conduction

110

(1)

Convection

111

(1)

Radiation

112

(1)

Diffusion

113

(3)

Transport of Molecules by Diffusion

116

(2)

Diffusion through Membrances

118

(1)

The Respiratory System

119

(3)

Diffusion and Contact Lenses

122

(2)

Exercises

122

(2)

Thermodynamics

124

(10)

First Law of Thermodynamics

126

(1)

Second Law of Thermodynamics

126

(1)

Difference between Heat and Other Forms of Energy

127

(2)

Thermodynamics of Living Systems

129

(3)

Information and the Second Law

132

(2)

Exercises

133

(1)

Heat and Life

134

(17)

Energy Requirements of People

135

(1)

Energy from Food

136

(2)

Regulation of Body Temperature

138

(2)

Control of Skin Temperature

140

(1)

Convection

140

(2)

Radiation

142

(1)

Radiative Heating by the Sun

142

(2)

Evaporation

144

(1)

Resistance to Cold

145

(2)

Heat and Soil

147

(4)

Exercises

148

(3)

Waves and Sound

151

(17)

Properties of Sound

151

(3)

Some Properties of Waves

154

(3)

Reflection and Refraction

154

(1)

Interference

155

(2)

Diffraction

157

(1)

Hearing and the Ear

157

(7)

The Performance of the Ear

160

(1)

Frequency and Pitch

161

(1)

Intensity and Loudness

162

(2)

Bats and Echoes

164

(1)

Sounds Produced by Animals

165

(1)

Clinical Uses of Sound

165

(1)

Ultrasonic Waves

166

(2)

Exercises

167

(1)

Electricity

168

(20)

The Nervous System

168

(15)

The Neuron

169

(2)

Electrical Potentials in the Axon

171

(1)

The Action Potential

172

(2)

The Axon as an Electric Cable

174

(1)

Propagation of the Action Potential

175

(3)

An Analysis of the Axon Circuit

178

(3)

Synaptic Transmission

181

(1)

Action Potentials in Muscles

182

(1)

Surface Potentials

182

(1)

Electricity in Plants

183

(1)

Electricity in the Bone

184

(1)

Electric Fish

185

(3)

Exercises

186

(2)

Electrical Technology

188

(12)

Electrical Technology in Biological Research

188

(2)

Diagnostic Equipment

190

(2)

The Electrocardiograph

190

(1)

The Electroencephalograph

191

(1)

Physiological Effects of Electricity

192

(2)

Control Systems

194

(2)

Feedback

196

(4)

Exercises

198

(2)

Optics

200

(24)

Vision

200

(1)

Nature of Light

201

(1)

Structure of the Eye

201

(1)

Accommodation

202

(1)

Eye and the Camera

203

(2)

Aperture and Depth of Field

204

(1)

Lens System of the Eye

205

(1)

Reduced Eye

206

(2)

Retina

208

(1)

Resolving Power of the Eye

209

(2)

Threshold of Vision

211

(1)

Vision and the Nervous System

212

(1)

Defects in Vision

212

(1)

Lens for Myopia

213

(1)

Lens for Presbyopia and Hyperopia

214

(1)

Extension of Vision

215

(9)

Telescope

215

(1)

Microscope

216

(1)

Confocal Microscope

217

(3)

Fiber Optics

220

(2)

Exercises

222

(2)

Atomic and Nuclear Physics

224

(28)

The Atom

224

(5)

Spectroscopy

229

(2)

Quantum Mechanics

231

(1)

Electron Microscope

232

(2)

X-Rays

234

(1)

X-Ray Computerized Tomography

235

(2)

The Nucleus

237

(1)

Radiation Therapy

238

(1)

Food Preservation by Radiation

239

(1)

Isotopic Tracers

240

(1)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

241

(7)

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

242

(4)

Imaging with NMR

246

(2)

Atomic Theory and Life

248

(4)

Exercises

251

(1)

Appendix A Basic Concepts in Mechanics

252

(14)

Appendix B Review of Electricity

266

(6)

Appendix C Review of Optics

272

(9)

Appendix D Bibliography

281

(8)

Appendix E Answers to Numerical Exercises

289

(4)

Index

293


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