| Contribution |
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xxiii | |
| SECTION 1. ANALYSIS OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC WAVEFORMS |
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Electricity and Electronics for Clinical Neurophysiology |
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3 | (14) |
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Basic Principles and Definitions in Electricity |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (2) |
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Resistive-Capacitive and Resistive-Inductive Circuits |
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7 | (1) |
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Circuits Containing Inductors and Capacitors |
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8 | (4) |
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12 | (1) |
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Transistors and Amplifiers |
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13 | (4) |
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Electric Safety in the Laboratory and Hospital |
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17 | (11) |
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Electric Power Distribution Systems |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (4) |
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Electric Safety Principles and Implementation |
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24 | (4) |
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28 | (13) |
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28 | (2) |
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Electric Properties of Volume Conductors |
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30 | (1) |
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Calculating Potentials in Infinite Homogeneous Media |
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30 | (4) |
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Potentials in Nonhomogeneous Media |
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34 | (2) |
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Applications of Volume Conduction Principles |
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36 | (5) |
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Digital Signal Processing |
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41 | (12) |
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Digital, Computers in Clinical Neurophysiology |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (3) |
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Common Uses of Digital Processing |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Time and Frequency Domain Analysis |
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50 | (3) |
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Electrophysiologic Generators in Clinical Neurophysiology |
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53 | (10) |
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53 | (5) |
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58 | (5) |
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Classification of Waveform Characteristics |
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63 | (6) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (3) |
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Alteration of Waveforms and Artifacts |
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69 | (8) |
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Physiologic Alteration of Waveforms |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (5) |
| SECTION 2. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF NEURAL FUNCTION |
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| Part A. Cortical Function |
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Electroencephalography: General Principles and Adult Electroencephalograms |
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77 | (31) |
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Clinical Usefulness of Electroencephalography |
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77 | (1) |
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Display of Electroencephalography Activity |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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Normal, Electroencephalographic Activity of Adults |
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82 | (5) |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (4) |
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Electroencephalographic Manifestations of Focal Intracranial Lesions |
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94 | (6) |
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Electroencephalographic Manifestations of Diffuse Encephalopathies |
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100 | (4) |
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Evaluation for Suspected Brain Death |
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104 | (4) |
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Electroencephalography: Electroencephalograms of Neonates, Infants, and Children |
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108 | (16) |
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Neonatal Electroencephalographic Patterns |
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108 | (5) |
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Developmental Changes During Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence |
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113 | (2) |
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Benign Variants in Children |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (8) |
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Ambulatory Electroencephalography |
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124 | (5) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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Prolonged Video Electroencephalography |
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129 | (8) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (6) |
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Electroencephalographic Special Studies |
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137 | (9) |
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Quantitative Methods of Electroencephalographic Analysis |
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137 | (7) |
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144 | (2) |
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Electroencephalographic Recordings for Epilepsy Surgery |
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146 | (15) |
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Candidates for Epilepsy Surgery |
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147 | (1) |
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Extracranial Electroencephalography in Partial Epilepsy |
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148 | (3) |
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Chronic Intracranial Monitoring |
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151 | (6) |
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Electrocorticography in Epilepsy Surgery |
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157 | (4) |
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Movement-Related Potentials and Event-Related Potentials |
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161 | (8) |
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Movement-Related Cortical Potentials |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (5) |
| Part B. Sensory Pathways |
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169 | (12) |
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169 | (3) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (4) |
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Somatosensory Evoked Potentials |
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181 | (23) |
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182 | (8) |
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Somatosensory Evoked Potential Interpretation |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (13) |
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Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Central Disorders |
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204 | (10) |
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Auditory Anatomy and Physiology |
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205 | (1) |
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Auditory Evoked Potentials in Normal Subjects |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (1) |
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Use of Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Clinical Problem Solving |
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207 | (7) |
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Audiogram, Acoustic Reflexes, and Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions |
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214 | (8) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (2) |
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Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions |
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218 | (4) |
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Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Peripheral Acoustic Disorders |
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222 | (5) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
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227 | (10) |
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Visual System Anatomy and Physiology |
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227 | (1) |
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Visual Evoked Potentials in Normal Subjects |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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General Principles of Interpretation of Visual Evoked Potentials |
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230 | (1) |
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Use of Visual Evoked Potentials in Clinical Problem Solving |
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230 | (1) |
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Localization of Visual System Lesions |
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231 | (6) |
| Part C. Motor Pathways |
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Compound Muscle Action Potentials |
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237 | (31) |
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238 | (1) |
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Recording Compound Muscle Action Potentials |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (2) |
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Compound Muscle Action Potential Measurements |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (4) |
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249 | (1) |
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Compound Muscle Action Potential Changes in Disease |
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250 | (1) |
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Findings in Peripheral Nerve Disorders |
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251 | (17) |
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Assessing the Neuromuscular Junction with Repetitive Stimulation Studies |
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268 | (14) |
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Neuromuscular Junction |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (6) |
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276 | (1) |
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Rapid Rates of Stimulation |
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276 | (1) |
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Selection of Nerve--Muscle Combinations |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (4) |
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282 | (11) |
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Motor Evoked Potential Stimulation |
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282 | (3) |
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Motor Evoked Potential Recording |
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285 | (1) |
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Motor Evoked Potential Variables |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (7) |
| Part D. Assessing the Motor Unit |
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Assessing the Motor Unit with Needle Electromyography |
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293 | (31) |
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Knowledge Base of Needle Electromyography |
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294 | (1) |
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Conducting the Needle Examination |
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294 | (1) |
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Needle Examination Techniques |
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295 | (2) |
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Electromyographic Analysis |
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297 | (2) |
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Origin of Electromyographic Potentials |
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299 | (1) |
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Normal Electromyographic Activity |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (4) |
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305 | (2) |
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Abnormal Electric Activity |
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307 | (17) |
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Quantitative Electromyography |
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324 | (19) |
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Characteristics of the Motor Unit Potential |
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325 | (1) |
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Characteristics of the Recording Equipment |
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326 | (2) |
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Properties of Motor Unit Potentials with Standard Electrodes |
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328 | (2) |
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Motor Unit Potential Complexity (Phases, Turns, Crossings) |
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330 | (2) |
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Properties of Motor Unit Potentials Measurable Only with Special Electrodes |
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332 | (1) |
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Properties of Interference Pattern |
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333 | (1) |
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Manual, Analysis of Single Motor Unit Potentials |
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334 | (1) |
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Computer-Assisted Quantitative Analysis of Motor Unit Potentials |
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335 | (2) |
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Automated Methods of Analysis of Motor Unit Potentials |
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337 | (1) |
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Decomposition of the Interference Pattern into Constituent Motor Unit Potentials |
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337 | (2) |
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Turns and Amplitude Analysis of the Interference Pattern |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (3) |
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Single Fiber Electromyography |
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343 | (15) |
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345 | (4) |
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Pitfalls of Single Fiber Electromyography |
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349 | (4) |
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Clinical Applications of Single Fiber Electromyography |
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353 | (5) |
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Estimating the Number of Motor Units in a Muscle |
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358 | (17) |
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Motor Unit Number Estimate by Standard Electromyography |
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359 | (1) |
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Motor Unit Number Estimate by Standard Nerve Conduction Studies |
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360 | (1) |
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Quantitative Motor Unit Number Estimate |
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361 | (7) |
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368 | (7) |
| Part E. Reflexes And Central Motor Control |
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375 | (7) |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (3) |
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382 | (12) |
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382 | (7) |
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Jaw Jerk (Masseter Reflex) |
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389 | (2) |
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Masseter Inhibitory Reflex |
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391 | (3) |
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Long Latency Reflexes and the Silent Period |
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394 | (5) |
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394 | (2) |
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396 | (3) |
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Surface Electromyographic Studies of Movement Disorders |
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399 | (14) |
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400 | (1) |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (3) |
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405 | (4) |
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409 | (2) |
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Tics, Chorea, and Athetosis |
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411 | (1) |
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Surface Electromyographic Study of Voluntary Movement Disorders |
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411 | (2) |
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413 | (24) |
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Office Procedures and History Taking |
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414 | (1) |
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Physical Examination of the Vestibular System |
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415 | (5) |
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Laboratory Examination: Electronystagmography Test Battery |
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420 | (7) |
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427 | (1) |
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Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence |
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427 | (1) |
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Computerized Rotary Chair Test (Harmonic Acceleration Testing) |
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428 | (2) |
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Computerized Dynamic Posturography |
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430 | (3) |
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Vestibular Rehabilitation |
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433 | (4) |
| Part F. Autonomic Function |
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Clinical Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System |
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437 | (8) |
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437 | (1) |
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General Organization of the Autonomic System |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (1) |
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Sympathetic Innervation of the Skin |
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440 | (1) |
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Muscle Sympathetic Activity |
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440 | (1) |
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Autonomic Control of Heart Rate |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (1) |
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Maintenance of Postural Normotension |
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442 | (3) |
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Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test and Related Tests |
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445 | (6) |
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Laboratory Evaluation of Autonomic Function |
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445 | (1) |
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Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test |
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445 | (6) |
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451 | (7) |
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451 | (7) |
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Thermoregulatory Sweat Test |
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458 | (9) |
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Role of Thermoregulatory Sweat Testing: Clinical Syndromes and Problems Evaluated |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (3) |
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Normal Thermoregulatory Sweat Distributions |
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462 | (1) |
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463 | (1) |
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Difficulties and Pitfalls in Interpretation |
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464 | (3) |
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Cardiovagal and Other Reflexes |
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467 | (10) |
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Heart Rate Response to Deep Breathing |
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467 | (2) |
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Heart Rate Response to Standing |
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469 | (1) |
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Other Tests of Cardiovagal Function |
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469 | (1) |
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470 | (1) |
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470 | (4) |
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Other Tests of Autonomic Function |
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474 | (3) |
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Electrophysiology of Pain |
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477 | (16) |
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Quantitative Sensory Test |
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477 | (4) |
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481 | (2) |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (9) |
| Part G. Sleep and Consciousness |
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Physiologic Assessment of Sleep |
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493 | (20) |
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493 | (4) |
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497 | (7) |
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Assessing Respiration during Sleep |
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504 | (6) |
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Assessing Periodic Limb Movements |
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510 | (1) |
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Assessing Other Physiologic Variables |
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511 | (2) |
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Assessing Sleep Disorders |
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513 | (10) |
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Indications for Polysomnography |
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513 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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Performance of a Sleep Study |
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515 | (1) |
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Disorders of Excessive Daytime Somnolence |
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516 | (1) |
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517 | (6) |
| Part H. Intraoperative Monitoring |
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Cerebral Function Monitoring |
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523 | (9) |
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Technical Factors in Intraoperative Electroencephalographic Monitoring |
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523 | (4) |
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Symmetrical Electroencephalographic Patterns During Anesthesia |
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527 | (1) |
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Preoperative Focal Abnormalities |
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527 | (1) |
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Focal Electroencephalographic Changes During Carotid Endarterectomy |
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528 | (1) |
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Electroencephalography and Other Monitoring Techniques in Relation to Surgical Strategy During Carotid Endarterectomy |
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529 | (1) |
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Electroencephalographic Monitoring During Cardiac Surgery |
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530 | (2) |
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Brain Stem and Cranial Nerve Monitoring |
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532 | (7) |
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532 | (3) |
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535 | (4) |
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539 | (16) |
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539 | (1) |
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540 | (6) |
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Electromyographic and Nerve Conduction Studies |
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546 | (1) |
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547 | (5) |
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552 | (3) |
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Peripheral Nervous System Monitoring |
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555 | (10) |
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555 | (1) |
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556 | (9) |
| SECTION 3. APPLICATIONS OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY: ASSESSING SYMPTOM COMPLEXES AND DISEASE ENTITIES |
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Application of Clinical Neurophysiology: Assessing Symptom Complexes |
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565 | (34) |
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Clinical Neurophysiology in the Assessment of Disease |
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566 | (1) |
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When Clinical Neurophysiology Can Help |
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567 | (1) |
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Symptom Complexes and Neural Systems |
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568 | (2) |
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570 | (1) |
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Identifying Disease Types |
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571 | (1) |
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572 | (3) |
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Assessing Clinical Disorders: Assessment with Electroencephalography |
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575 | (8) |
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Assessing Clinical Disorders: Assessment with Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies |
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583 | (16) |
| Glossary of Electrophysiologic Terms |
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599 | (30) |
| Index |
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629 | |