| Preface |
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xi | |
| Introduction: Women's Movements in America |
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1 | (3) |
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An Overview of Women's Rights Movement Activity |
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4 | (17) |
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The Early Woman's Movement (1848--1875) |
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4 | (3) |
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The Suffrage Movement (1890--1925) |
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7 | (3) |
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The Women's Rights Movement (1966--present) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (8) |
| PART I POLITICAL RIGHTS AND REALITIES |
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21 | (102) |
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The Struggle for Political Rights |
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23 | (44) |
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The Woman's Rights Movement and the Ballot |
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23 | (8) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Woman Suffrage and the Fourteenth Amendment |
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27 | (1) |
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Litigating for the Franchise |
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28 | (1) |
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Toward a Constitutional Amendment |
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29 | (1) |
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The Antisuffrage Movement |
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30 | (1) |
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The Suffrage Movement: The Quest for the Vote Continues |
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31 | (11) |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (1) |
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Toward a National Amendment |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Suffrage Not Enough---The Beginning of the End |
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40 | (1) |
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The Women's Joint Congressional Committee |
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41 | (1) |
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The NWP and the Equal Rights Ammendment |
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41 | (1) |
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The Drive for Women's Political Rights |
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42 | (5) |
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The President's Commission on the Status of Women and NOW |
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47 | (15) |
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50 | (1) |
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ERA---The First Stage (1972--1977) |
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51 | (1) |
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ERA---The Second Stage (1977--1979) |
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51 | (1) |
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ERA---The Third Stage (1979--1982) |
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52 | (1) |
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The Aftermath of the ERA Ratification Effort: Women's Groups Mobilize for Expanded Political Opportunities |
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53 | (2) |
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The National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) |
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55 | (2) |
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The Feminist Majority Foundation |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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The American Association of University Women |
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57 | (1) |
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National Organization for Women |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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The Women's Campaign Fund |
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59 | (1) |
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NOW/PAC and NOW Equality PAC |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (3) |
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Women's Political Participation |
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67 | (56) |
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Cultural Attitudes About the Political Participation of Women |
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69 | (1) |
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Impact of the Current Women's Rights Movement on Political Rights and Political Participation |
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69 | (1) |
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Continuing Cultural Barriers |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (4) |
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74 | (3) |
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74 | (1) |
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Psychological Involvement in Politics |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Sex Discrimination: The Hidden Barrier |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (8) |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (5) |
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86 | (6) |
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Lobbying and Community Involvement |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (2) |
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Barriers to Women in Elected and Appointed Positions |
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92 | (12) |
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93 | (2) |
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Career Choice and Preparation |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Problems Faced by Women in Elected Positions |
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104 | (1) |
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Impact of Women in Elected Positions |
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105 | (3) |
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Problems Faced by Women in Appointed Positions |
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108 | (2) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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Impact of Women in Appointed Positions |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (11) |
| PART II EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS AND REALITIES |
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123 | (120) |
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The Struggle for Employment and Educational Rights |
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126 | (52) |
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127 | (3) |
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The Seneca Falls Convention and the Woman's Movement |
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128 | (1) |
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Efforts on Behalf of Working Women |
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129 | (1) |
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Professionalization and Education |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (7) |
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The Drive for Protective Legislation |
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132 | (1) |
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Maximum Hour and Minimum Wage Laws |
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132 | (2) |
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Women and Work After Suffrage |
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134 | (1) |
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Education and the Professions |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (3) |
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Education after World War II |
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139 | (1) |
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The Women's Rights Movement |
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140 | (31) |
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141 | (1) |
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Department of Labor Enforcement |
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141 | (1) |
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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BFOQs and Protective Legislation |
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144 | (1) |
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Customer Preference or Business Necessity? |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (3) |
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148 | (3) |
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151 | (3) |
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EEOC Enforcement of the Equal Pay Act and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act |
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154 | (2) |
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Employment Discrimination and the Consequences of Childbearing |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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The Family and Medical Leave Act |
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159 | (3) |
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Department of Labor Studies the Impact of the Family and Medical Leave Act |
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162 | (1) |
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Reproductive Hazards and Fetal Protection Policies |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Title IX and the Constitution |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (2) |
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Hiring and Personnel Practices |
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170 | (1) |
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Opposition to Employment and Educational Equity |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (5) |
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Women's Economic and Educational Status |
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178 | (65) |
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Attitudes Toward Work and Women |
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179 | (4) |
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Before the Women's Movement |
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179 | (2) |
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The Impact of the Women's Movement |
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181 | (2) |
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Attitudes Toward Mothers Working |
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183 | (6) |
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Attitudes About the Abilities of Women |
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186 | (3) |
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Preparation of Women for Employment Outside the Home |
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189 | (10) |
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189 | (4) |
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The Women's Rights Movement and Preparation for Work |
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193 | (1) |
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Education and Work Readiness |
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194 | (4) |
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Work-force Commitment Attitudes |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (6) |
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Discrimination by Employers |
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199 | (3) |
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Discrimination by Male Employees |
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202 | (3) |
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Economic and Marketplace Factors |
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205 | (4) |
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Impact of Barriers on the Position of Women in the Marketplace |
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209 | (24) |
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Employment Levels of Women |
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210 | (2) |
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Work-force Commitment of Women |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (11) |
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Solutions to Pay Inequity |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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Family Leave, Day Care, and Flexible Jobs |
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228 | (5) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (9) |
| PART III FAMILIAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS AND REALITIES |
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243 | (112) |
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The Struggle for Familial and Reproductive Rights |
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246 | (42) |
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247 | (6) |
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Effects of the Common Law |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (3) |
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253 | (1) |
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Birth Control in the Suffrage Era |
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254 | (2) |
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The Current Women's Rights Movement |
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256 | (10) |
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257 | (1) |
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Marriage and the Loss of Identity |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (1) |
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Motherhood and New Issues of ``Family'' |
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262 | (1) |
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The Decision to Have Children |
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262 | (3) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (13) |
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266 | (1) |
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Adolescent Access to Birth Control |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (9) |
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A Pro-choice Administration |
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276 | (1) |
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Litigation to Stop Violence |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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The Freedom of Choice Act |
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278 | (1) |
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Is Congress Rolling Back Reproductive Rights |
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278 | (1) |
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A Pro-life Administration |
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279 | (1) |
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New Frontiers in Reproductive Rights |
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280 | (3) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (4) |
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Women's Place In the Family |
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288 | (52) |
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Attitudinal Change Toward Marriage and the Family |
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289 | (12) |
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Pre-twentieth-century America |
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290 | (2) |
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The Women's Rights Movement and Attitudes Toward Marriage and Family |
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292 | (1) |
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Attitudes Toward Marriage |
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293 | (3) |
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Attitudes Toward Motherhood |
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296 | (1) |
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Sexuality and Birth Control |
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296 | (4) |
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300 | (1) |
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Women's and Men's Resources in the Struggle for Equal Roles |
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301 | (4) |
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Discrimination by Men in the Family |
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305 | (1) |
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Impact of Cultural Attitudes, Lack of Resources, and Discrimination on the Position of Women in the Family |
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305 | (26) |
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305 | (3) |
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308 | (7) |
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315 | (7) |
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322 | (4) |
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326 | (4) |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (8) |
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The Future of the Movement |
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340 | (15) |
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Prerequisites for a Reenergized Women's Rights Movement |
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344 | (5) |
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Organizational Base and Organizational Support |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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Critical Mobilizing Events |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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Goals for the Women's Rights Movement |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (3) |
| Index |
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355 | |