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Understanding the Political World: A Comparative Introduction to Political Science,9780321216106
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Understanding the Political World: A Comparative Introduction to Political Science


Edition: 7th
Author(s): Danziger, James N.
ISBN10:  0321216105
ISBN13:  9780321216106
Format:  Paperback
Pub. Date:  1/1/2005
Publisher(s): Longman

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Table of Contents
Boxed Features xvi
Preface xviii
To the Reader xxiii
About the Author xxiv
PART ONE On Knowing the Political World
Politics and Knowledge
3(22)
On Politics
3(1)
Types of Political Knowledge
4(4)
Description
7(1)
Explanation
8(1)
Prescription
8(1)
Sources of Political Knowledge
8(5)
Authority
8(4)
Personal Thought
12(1)
Science
13(1)
Political Science
13(4)
Political ``Science''?
17(3)
Criticisms of Political Science as a ``Science''
17(3)
Political Science as a Means of Understanding the Political World
20(1)
Where Is this Book Going?
20(1)
Key Concepts
21(1)
For Further Consideration
21(1)
For Further Reading
22(1)
On the Web
22(3)
PART TWO Political Behavior
Political Beliefs
25(26)
Individual Political Beliefs
25(3)
Belief Systems
28(3)
Belief Systems among Mass Publics
28(2)
Belief Systems among Elites
30(1)
Political Culture
31(4)
National Character Studies
31(1)
Survey Research
32(3)
Political Ideology
35(11)
Key Issues
35(3)
Conservatism
38(1)
Classical Liberalism
39(1)
Socialism
40(4)
Some Further Points about ``Isms''
44(2)
Looking Ahead
46(1)
Key Concepts
46(1)
For Further Consideration
46(1)
For Further Reading
47(1)
On the Web
48(3)
Political Actions
51(28)
Individual Political Actions
52(8)
Modes of Political Activity
52(2)
Political Activists
54(1)
Political Participation Studies
55(5)
Group Political Actions
60(1)
Political Interest Groups
61(6)
Activities of Political Interest Groups
61(3)
Constraints on a Group's Behavior
64(1)
Types of Interest Groups
65(2)
Political Parties
67(4)
Activities of Political Parties
67(4)
Doing Politics
71(4)
Key Concepts
75(1)
For Further Consideration
75(1)
For Further Reading
75(2)
On the Web
77(2)
Influences on Beliefs and Actions
79(30)
The Environment
80(2)
Agents of Political Socialization
82(11)
The Family
83(1)
The Schools
84(2)
Peer Groups
86(2)
The Media and Culture
88(4)
Events
92(1)
Personal Characteristics
93(5)
Political ``Personality''
98(5)
Personality
99(3)
Human Nature
102(1)
Concluding Observations
103(1)
Key Concepts
103(2)
For Further Consideration
105(1)
For Further Reading
105(1)
On the Web
106(3)
PART THREE Political Systems
States and Nations
109(28)
The State
109(7)
A Legal Definition
110(3)
A Structural-Functional Definition
113(1)
The Domain of State Action
114(2)
The Nation
116(4)
The Political System
120(12)
Systems in General
120(1)
The Political System Defined
121(3)
Conceptualization of the Political System
124(4)
System Persistence
128(1)
The Utility of the Political Systems Approach
129(3)
Three Major Concepts: A Reprise
132(1)
Key Concepts
132(1)
For Further Consideration
132(1)
For Further Reading
133(1)
On the Web
134(3)
Political Institutions I: Structures
137(26)
The Legislature
138(8)
Roles of the Legislature
138(3)
Structural Arrangements
141(1)
The Decline of Legislatures
142(4)
Executives
146(4)
Roles of Executives
146(1)
Structural Arrangements
147(3)
The Age of the Executive?
150(1)
The Administration
150(3)
Bureaucracy as One Form of Administration
150(1)
Administrative Functions and Power
151(2)
The Judiciary
153(4)
Aspects of Adjudication
154(1)
Judicial Structures
155(2)
Concluding Observations
157(1)
Key Concepts
158(1)
For Further Consideration
158(1)
For Further Reading
159(1)
On the Web
160(3)
Political Institutions II: Institutional Arrangements
163(36)
Broad Taxonomies
164(1)
Democracies and Nondemocracies
164(12)
Defining Democracy
166(5)
Defining Nondemocracies
171(2)
A Democracy--Nondemocracy Continuum
173(3)
Constitutional and Nonconstitutional Regimes
176(4)
Constitutions
176(2)
Constitutional Regimes
178(1)
Nonconstitutional Regimes
179(1)
Areal Distribution of Power
180(2)
Unitary State
180(1)
Federation
180(1)
Confederation
181(1)
Forms of Executive-Legislative Relations
182(7)
Presidential Government
183(1)
Parliamentary (Cabinet) Government
184(1)
Hybrid Systems
185(2)
Council Systems
187(1)
Assembly Systems
188(1)
Which Form Is Optimal?
188(1)
Political Party Systems
189(5)
Two-Party Systems
189(1)
Multiparty Systems
189(3)
Dominant-Party Systems
192(1)
One-Party Systems
193(1)
No-Party Systems
193(1)
Classification and Clarity
194(1)
Key Concepts
195(1)
For Further Consideration
195(1)
For Further Reading
195(1)
On the Web
196(3)
Political Economy
199(26)
Politics and Economics
199(1)
A Political-Economic Framework
200(12)
Factors, Firms, and Households/Consumers
200(2)
Getting and Spending
202(2)
The State (and the World) Join In
204(4)
Two Ideal-Type Political Economies
208(1)
The Market Economy: Total Private Control
208(3)
The Command Economy: Total State Control
211(1)
Key Problems for Each Ideal-Type Political Economy
212(4)
Market Economy
212(2)
Command Economy
214(1)
The Mixed Economy
215(1)
Politics Plus Political Economy: The Other ``Isms''
216(4)
The Three ``Isms''
216(2)
The Real World
218(2)
Concluding Observations
220(1)
Key Concepts
221(1)
For Further Consideration
222(1)
For Further Reading
222(1)
On the Web
223(2)
PART FOUR Political Processes
Politics as a Value Allocation Process
225(20)
The Elite Approach
226(4)
Key Concepts
226(1)
Major Theorists
226(2)
The Value Allocation Process
228(1)
The Prevalence of Elite-Based Political Systems
228(2)
The Class Approach
230(4)
The Group Approach
234(4)
The Three Approaches Compared
238(3)
Which Approach Is Correct?
238(2)
Essential Similarities and Differences
240(1)
Key Concepts
241(1)
For Further Consideration
241(1)
For Further Reading
242(1)
On the Web
243(2)
Change and Political Development
245(30)
Change
246(1)
Development
247(14)
Characteristics of ``More Developed'' Social Systems
247(1)
The Process of Development
248(6)
The Dynamics of Economic Development
254(7)
Political Development
261(7)
Characteristics of Political Development
261(1)
The Process of Political Development
262(1)
Political Development as Democratization
263(4)
Political Institutionalization and Political Decay
267(1)
Achieving Political Development
268(1)
World of Changes
269(2)
Key Concepts
271(1)
For Further Consideration
271(1)
For Further Reading
272(1)
On the Web
273(2)
Politics Across Borders
275(32)
The Goals of States
276(3)
Realist and Idealist Perspectives on the State's ``Motives''
276(1)
Major Goals
277(2)
Mechanisms of Cooperation Between States
279(11)
Diplomacy and Interstate Agreements
279(3)
International Law
282(2)
International Organizations
284(6)
Competition Among States
290(12)
Balance of Power
290(2)
Balance of Terror
292(1)
Domination and Dependence
293(5)
Globalization?
298(2)
Competition in the Globalized, Post--Cold War World
300(2)
Key Concepts
302(1)
For Further Consideration
302(1)
For Further Reading
303(1)
On the Web
304(3)
Political Violence
307(36)
Violence
308(1)
Political Society
309(1)
Types of Political Violence
309(26)
State Violence against Individuals or Groups
309(3)
Individual Violence against an Individual
312(1)
Group Violence against an Individual
312(5)
Group Violence against a Group
317(1)
Individual or Group Violence against the State
318(9)
Use of Force between States
327(1)
War
328(4)
What Causes War?
332(3)
Evaluating Political Violence: Means and Ends
335(2)
Key Concepts
337(1)
For Further Consideration
338(1)
For Further Reading
338(2)
On the Web
340(3)
PART FIVE Politics among States
The Developed Countries
343(36)
An Introduction to the Next Three Chapters: Grouping the States in the Contemporary World
343(4)
The Developed Countries
344(1)
The Developing Countries
345(1)
The Transitional Developed Countries
345(2)
Images of the Developed Countries
347(2)
Political Culture
349(2)
Goal: Prosperity
351(9)
Mixed Economy
351(3)
Performance
354(2)
Challenges
356(4)
Goal: Stability
360(10)
Political Institutionalization
362(1)
Order Maintenance
362(2)
Challenges to Stability
364(6)
Goal: Security
370(3)
The Era of Colonialism
371(1)
The Cold War Period
371(1)
Challenges to Security in the Post--Cold War Period
372(1)
The Developed Countries Overall
373(2)
Key Concepts
375(1)
For Further Consideration
375(1)
For Further Reading
375(2)
On the Web
377(2)
The Developing Countries
379(50)
Images of the Developing World
379(5)
Developmental Classification
379(1)
Regional Classification
380(4)
Goal: Prosperity
384(20)
Obstacles to Prosperity
386(4)
The Quest for Prosperity: Strategic Choices
390(6)
Current Outcomes
396(8)
Prognosis
404(1)
Goal: Security
404(5)
Interstate Violence
404(4)
Economic Security
408(1)
Goal: Stability
409(14)
Challenges to Political System Effectiveness
409(2)
The Decline of Political Order
411(3)
Democratization
414(3)
Political Approaches
417(6)
Concluding Observations: It's Getting Better All the Time(?)
423(1)
Key Concepts
424(1)
For Further Consideration
424(1)
For Further Reading
425(1)
On the Web
426(3)
The Transitional Developed Countries
429(38)
The Post-Communist Developed Countries
429(2)
Political Culture
431(1)
Under Communism
431(1)
Post-Communism
432(1)
Goal: Prosperity
432(8)
Under Communism
432(1)
Post-Communism
433(7)
Goal: Stability
440(9)
Under Communism
440(3)
Post-Communism
443(6)
Goal: Security
449(2)
Under Communism
449(1)
Post-Communism
450(1)
The Newly Industrializing Countries
451(1)
Political Culture
451(2)
Goal: Prosperity
453(3)
Goal: Stability
456(4)
Goal: Security
460(1)
The Future of the Transitional Developed Countries
461(2)
The Post-Communist Developed Countries
461(1)
The NIC
462(1)
Key Concepts
463(1)
For Further Consideration
463(1)
For Further Reading
463(1)
On the Web
464(3)
The Last Chapter: Looking Backward, Looking Forward
467(14)
Political Outputs
468(1)
Political Structures
469(1)
Political Processes
469(1)
Political Change
470(1)
Direction
470(1)
Rate
470(1)
Controllability
471(1)
Into the Twenty-First Century: Understanding and Action
471(7)
Challenge 1: The Quest for Harmony with Our Technology
472(4)
Challenge 2: The Quest for Harmony with Planet Earth
476(1)
Challenge 3: The Quest for Harmony with One Another
477(1)
Choosing a Future
478(3)
Appendix: Political Analysis 481(14)
Glossary 495(8)
References 503(12)
Credits 515(1)
Index 516

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