| Preface |
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xvii | |
| About the Authors |
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xxx | |
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PART 1 The Elements of Effective Writing |
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1 | (120) |
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Understanding the Writing Process |
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2 | (13) |
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Overview: Discovery through Writing |
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2 | (1) |
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The Stages of the Writing Process |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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The Purpose behind Your Writing |
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8 | (1) |
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The Relationship between Writing and Reading |
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8 | (4) |
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Spotlight Piece Process, Dynamics, and Purpose |
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11 | (1) |
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Understanding the Subject through Writing |
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12 | (3) |
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Recap Understanding the Writing Process |
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13 | (2) |
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Prewriting: Developing Ideas |
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15 | (19) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (4) |
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Spotlight Piece Development of Prewriting Ideas |
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29 | (2) |
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Understanding the Subject through Writing |
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31 | (3) |
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Recap Prewriting: Developing Ideas |
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32 | (2) |
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Composing: Creating Topic Sentences and Supporting Sentences |
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34 | (28) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (3) |
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Topic Sentence Development |
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41 | (3) |
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Clear and Specific Topic Sentences |
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44 | (1) |
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Effective Topic Sentences |
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44 | (4) |
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48 | (2) |
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Effective Arrangement of Details and Examples |
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50 | (2) |
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Writer-Centered Words; Reader-Centered Sentences |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (5) |
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Spotlight Piece The Complete First-Draft Writing |
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56 | (3) |
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Understanding the Subject through Writing |
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59 | (3) |
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Recap Composing: Creating Topic Sentences and Supporting Sentences |
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60 | (2) |
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Revising: Refining Your Draft |
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62 | (36) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (20) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (11) |
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76 | (4) |
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Feedback from an Objective Reader |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (6) |
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A Personal Proofreading System |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (2) |
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Spotlight Piece A Sample Final Draft |
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92 | (2) |
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Understanding the Subject through Writing |
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94 | (4) |
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Corrected Version of Exercise 4.24 |
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95 | (1) |
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Recap Revising: Refining Your Draft |
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96 | (2) |
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Moving from Paragraph to Essay |
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98 | (23) |
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Overview: The Difference between a Paragraph and an Essay |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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The Essay Writing Process |
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100 | (9) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (5) |
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106 | (3) |
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The Essay Writing Process: A Sample |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (3) |
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Spotlight Piece Considering a Final Draft |
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112 | (3) |
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Understanding the Subject through Writing |
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115 | (6) |
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Recap Moving from Paragraph to Essay |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (3) |
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PART 2 Effective Sentences: Constructing Meaning |
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121 | (100) |
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122 | (21) |
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Overview: Elements of a Complete Sentence |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (1) |
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The Simple Subject versus the Complete Subject |
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129 | (3) |
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Verb Phrases and Compound Verbs |
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132 | (3) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Subjects and Verbs |
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138 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Subjects and Verbs |
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138 | (5) |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (21) |
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Overview: Complete Sentences |
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143 | (1) |
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Fragments with Missing Verbs |
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144 | (4) |
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Fragments with Missing Subjects |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (2) |
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Appositive Phrase Fragments |
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152 | (2) |
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Subordinate Clause Fragments |
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154 | (5) |
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159 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Sentence Fragments |
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159 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Sentence Fragments |
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159 | (5) |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (17) |
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Overview: Complex Sentences with Supporting Clauses |
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164 | (1) |
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Simple and Complex Sentences |
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164 | (3) |
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Subordinating Conjunctions |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (2) |
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Punctuation of Subordinate Clauses |
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172 | (4) |
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176 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Subordination |
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176 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Subordination |
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177 | (4) |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (15) |
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Overview: Compound Sentences |
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181 | (1) |
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Coordinating Conjunctions |
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181 | (4) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (3) |
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190 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Coordination |
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191 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Coordination |
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191 | (5) |
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194 | (2) |
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Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences |
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196 | (25) |
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Overview: Sentence-Combining Errors |
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196 | (1) |
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Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences |
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197 | (2) |
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Correcting Comma Splices and Run-Ons with Coordinating Conjunctions |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (4) |
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Subordinating Conjunctions |
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206 | (3) |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences |
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213 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences |
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213 | (8) |
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Recap Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (3) |
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PART 3 Verbs: Conveying Action and Time |
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221 | (92) |
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Maintaining Subject-Verb Agreement |
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222 | (24) |
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Overview: Subject---Verb Agreement |
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222 | (1) |
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Agreement When the Subject Follows the Verb |
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223 | (2) |
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Sentences Beginning with There and Here |
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225 | (2) |
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Words That Separate Subjects and Verbs |
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227 | (4) |
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Problems with Compound Subjects |
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231 | (2) |
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Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns |
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233 | (4) |
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Agreement with Collective Nouns, Singular Nouns Ending in -s, and Words Indicating Amounts |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Maintaining Subject---Verb Agreement |
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240 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Maintaining Subject---Verb Agreement |
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241 | (5) |
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Recap Maintaining Subject-Verb Agreement |
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244 | (2) |
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Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs |
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246 | (19) |
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Overview: The Basic Tenses |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (3) |
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255 | (4) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (3) |
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259 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs |
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259 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs |
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260 | (5) |
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Recap Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs |
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262 | (3) |
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Using Irregular Verbs Correctly |
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265 | (13) |
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Overview: Verbs That Do Not Follow the Rules |
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265 | (1) |
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A List of Irregular Verbs |
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266 | (3) |
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Strategies for Mastering Irregular Verbs |
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269 | (4) |
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273 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Using Irregular Verbs Correctly |
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273 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Using Irregular Verbs Correctly |
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274 | (4) |
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Recap Using Irregular Verbs Correctly |
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277 | (1) |
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Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense |
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278 | (17) |
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Overview: Passive Voice and Progressive Tense |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (3) |
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282 | (3) |
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285 | (4) |
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289 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense |
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289 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense |
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290 | (5) |
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Recap Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense |
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293 | (2) |
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Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use |
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295 | (18) |
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Overview: Special Problems with Verbs |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (4) |
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304 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use |
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305 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use |
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306 | (7) |
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Recap Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (3) |
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PART 4 Sentence Elements: Striving for Precision |
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313 | (72) |
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314 | (14) |
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Overview: Words That Name |
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314 | (1) |
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The Function and Form of Nouns |
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314 | (4) |
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Singular Nouns Ending in -s and Collective Nouns |
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318 | (1) |
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Cue Words That Identify Number |
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319 | (4) |
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323 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Working with Nouns |
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323 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Working with Nouns |
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324 | (4) |
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326 | (2) |
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Using Pronouns: Considering Case, Clear Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement, and Nonsexist Pronoun Usage |
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328 | (30) |
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Overview: The Correct Pronoun Choice |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (3) |
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333 | (2) |
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Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns |
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335 | (5) |
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Errors in Agreement with Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectves |
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340 | (1) |
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The Role of Reflexive or Intensive Pronouns |
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341 | (4) |
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Agreement in That, Who, and Which Clauses |
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345 | (1) |
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Problems with Gender in Pronoun---Antecedent Agreement |
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346 | (1) |
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Avoidance of Sexist Language |
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347 | (3) |
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350 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Using Pronouns |
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350 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Using Pronouns |
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351 | (7) |
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Recap Using Pronouns: Considering Case, Clear Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement, and Nonsexist Pronoun Usage |
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354 | (4) |
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Working with Adjectives and Adverbs: Using Modifiers Effectively |
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358 | (27) |
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Overview: Building Precise Detail with Modifiers |
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358 | (1) |
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The Positive Form of Adjectives and Adverbs |
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358 | (3) |
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The Comparative Form of Adjectives and Adverbs |
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361 | (2) |
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The Superlative Form of Adjectives and Adverbs |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (3) |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (3) |
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Problems with -ing Modifiers |
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374 | (3) |
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377 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Working with Adjectives and Adverbs |
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377 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Working with Adjectives, Adverbs, and Other Modifiers |
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378 | (7) |
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380 | (2) |
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382 | (3) |
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PART 5 Consistency Workshop: Aiming for Correctness |
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385 | (100) |
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386 | (13) |
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Overview: Proper Capitalization |
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386 | (1) |
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When Words Should Be Capitalized |
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386 | (6) |
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392 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Capitalizing Correctly |
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392 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Capitalizing Correctly |
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393 | (6) |
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Recap Capitalizing Correctly |
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396 | (3) |
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Using Punctuation Properly |
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399 | (18) |
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Overview: The Role of Punctuation |
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399 | (1) |
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Periods. Question Marks, and Exclamation Points |
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399 | (3) |
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402 | (3) |
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405 | (2) |
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407 | (4) |
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411 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Using Punctuation Properly |
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411 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Using Punctuation Properly |
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412 | (5) |
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Recap Using Punctuation Properly |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (20) |
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Overview: When Commas Are Needed |
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417 | |
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1 | (1) |
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To indicate a pause between two simple sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction |
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418 | |
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2 | (1) |
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To separate items in a series |
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420 | |
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3 | (1) |
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To separate an introductory phrase from the rest of the sentence |
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421 | |
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4 | (1) |
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To set off an introductory subordinate clause |
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423 | |
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5 | (1) |
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To set off word groups that would otherwise interrup the flow of the sentence |
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424 | |
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6 | (1) |
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To set off a direct quotation from the rest of a sentence |
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426 | |
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7 | (424) |
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To punctuate dates and addresses |
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429 | (2) |
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431 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Using Commas |
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432 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Using Commas |
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433 | (4) |
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435 | (2) |
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437 | (28) |
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Overview: The Importance of Correct Spelling |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (3) |
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441 | (2) |
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Doubling the Final Consonant |
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443 | (2) |
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Words with ie or ei Combinations |
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445 | (1) |
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Confusing Endings and Incorrect Forms |
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446 | (2) |
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448 | (5) |
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Maintaining a Personal Spelling Dictionary |
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453 | (6) |
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459 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Mastering Spelling |
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459 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Mastering Spelling |
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460 | (5) |
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462 | (3) |
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465 | (20) |
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Overview: Creating Balance in Writing |
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465 | (1) |
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Keeping Individual Words in a Series Parallel |
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466 | (3) |
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Keeping Phrases in a Series Parallel |
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469 | (3) |
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Parallelism with Correlative Conjunctions |
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472 | (5) |
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477 | (1) |
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Chapter Quick Check: Maintaining Parallelism |
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477 | (1) |
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Summary Exercise: Maintaining Parallelism |
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478 | (7) |
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Recap Maintaining Parallelism |
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480 | (2) |
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482 | (3) |
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PART 6 Discovering Connections through Reading |
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485 | (39) |
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Overview: Active Reading Strategies |
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486 | (1) |
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486 | (1) |
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Active Reading Strategies |
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486 | (1) |
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Active Reading Illustrated |
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487 | (2) |
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To Be an All-American Girl Elizabeth Wong |
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489 | (3) |
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492 | (3) |
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Now It's Time for Generation Next Anna Quindlen |
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495 | (3) |
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498 | (1) |
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One Man's Kids Daniel Meier |
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499 | (3) |
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The House on Mango Street Sandra Cisneros |
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502 | (2) |
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Treading Thoughtfully Liliana Ibara |
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504 | (3) |
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Popularity Marta Melendez |
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507 | (2) |
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Remembering India Elsa ``Chachi'' Maldonado |
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509 | (2) |
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``Forget the past. No one becomes successful in the past.'' Peter LeComte |
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511 | (2) |
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Differences in Child Rearing in Russia and the United States Svetlana Melamedman |
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513 | (3) |
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Character Roles Samrouay Senghoung |
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516 | (1) |
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The Influence of an Older Person in My Life Carlos Marujo |
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517 | (2) |
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The Old Store Valeri L. Cappiello |
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519 | (2) |
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Why Couldn't I Have Been Named Ashley? Imma Achilike |
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521 | (3) |
| Appendix Tips for ESL Writers |
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524 | (16) |
| Credits |
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540 | (1) |
| Index |
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541 | |
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