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Foundations of Nursing,9780323017275
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Foundations of Nursing


Edition: 4th
Author(s): Christensen, Barbara Lauritsen; Christensen, Barbara Lauritsen, Rn; Kockrow, Elaine Oden
ISBN10:  0323017274
ISBN13:  9780323017275
Format:  Paperback
Pub. Date:  10/1/2002
Publisher(s): Elsevier Science Health Science div

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Table of Contents
UNIT ONE BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS 1(186)
The Evolution of Nursing
1(18)
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Elaine Oden Kockrow
The History of Nursing and Nursing Education
1(5)
Care of the Sick During Early Civilization
1(1)
Nursing Education in the Nineteenth Century
2(2)
Changes in Nursing During the Twentieth Century
4(2)
Development of Practical/Vocational Nursing in the United States
6(4)
Attendant Nurses
6(1)
Practical Nursing Programs of Various Design
6(1)
Organizational Influence
6(1)
Additional Credentialing
7(1)
Contemporary Practical/Vocational Nursing Education
7(1)
Career Advancement
7(1)
Event That Changed Practical/Vocational Nursing
8(1)
Licensure for Practical/Vocational Nursing
8(2)
Health Care Delivery Systems
10(4)
Health Care Delivery Defined
10(1)
Delivery of Patient Care
11(3)
Nursing Care Models
14(1)
Contemporary Practical/Vocational Nurising Care
15(4)
Practical/Vocational Nursing Defined
15(1)
Objectives, Components and Characteristics of Practival/Vocational Nursing Education
16(1)
Roles and Responsibilities of the Licensed Practical Nurse/Licensed Vocational Nurse
16(3)
Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing
19(11)
Katherine Parker-Feliciano
Legal Aspects
19(6)
Overview of the Legal System
19(1)
Overview of the Legal Process
20(1)
Legal Relationships
20(1)
Regulation of Practice
21(1)
Legal Issues
22(3)
How to Avoid a Lawsuit
25(1)
Ethical Aspects
25(3)
Development of Ethical Principles
25(1)
Ethical Principles
26(1)
Code of Ethics
26(1)
Reporting Unethical Behavior
26(1)
Ethical Issues
27(1)
Conclusion
28(2)
Communication
30(18)
Diane D. Kathol
Overview
30(2)
Verbal Communication
31(1)
Nonverbal Communication
31(1)
Styles of Communication
32(1)
Assertive Communication
32(1)
Aggressive Communication
33(1)
Unassertive Communication
33(1)
Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship
33(1)
Communication Techniques
33(6)
Nonverbal Therapeutic Communication Techniques
34(2)
Verbal Therapeutic Communication Techniques
36(3)
Use of Humor
39(1)
Factors Affecting Communication
39(4)
Posturing and Positioning
39(1)
Space and Territoriality
39(1)
Environment
39(1)
Level of Trust
40(1)
Language Barriers
40(1)
Culture
41(1)
Age and Gender
41(1)
Physiologic Factors
41(2)
Blocks to Communication
43(2)
Communication in Special Situations
45(1)
Ventilator-Dependent Patients
45(1)
Aphasic Patients
45(1)
Unresponsive Patients
46(1)
Conclusion
46(2)
Physical Assessment
48(25)
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Signs and Symptoms
48(2)
Disease and Diagnosis
49(1)
Origins of Disease
49(1)
Risk Factors for Development of Disease
49(1)
Terms Used to Describe Disease
50(1)
Frequently Noted Signs and Symptoms of Disease
50(1)
Assessment
50(23)
Medical Assessment
52(2)
Nursing Assessment
54(2)
Nursing Health History
56(4)
Nursing Physical Assessment
60(13)
Nursing Process and Critical Thinking
73(16)
Toni C. Wortham
Assessing
73(2)
Types of Data
74(1)
Sources of Data
74(1)
Methods of Data Collection
75(1)
Data Clustering
75(1)
Diagnosing
75(3)
Nursing Diagnosis
75(3)
Other Types of Health Problems
78(1)
Collaborative Problems
78(1)
Medical Diagnosis
78(1)
Planning
78(4)
Priority Setting
78(1)
Establishing Desired Patient Outcomes
79(1)
Selecting Nursing Interventions
80(1)
Writing Nursing Orders
80(1)
Communicating the Nursing Care Plan
81(1)
Implementing
82(1)
Evaluation
82(1)
NANDA, NIC, and NOC
82(1)
Role of the Licensed Practical Nurse/Licensed Vocational Nurse
83(1)
Nursing Diagnoses and Clinical Pathways
83(2)
Critical Thinking
85(4)
Documentation
89(18)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Purposes of Patient Records
89(1)
Common Medical Abbreviations and Terminology
90(1)
Methods of Recording
90(3)
Traditional Chart
90(1)
Problem-Oriented Medical Record
90(2)
Focus Charting Format
92(1)
Alternative Record-Keeping Forms
93(1)
Basic Guidelines for Documentation
93(5)
Charting Rules
98(1)
Other Documentation Forms and Examples
99(2)
Twenty-Four-Hour Patient Care Records and Acuity Charting Forms
101(1)
Discharge Summary Forms
101(1)
Documentation and Clinical (Critical) Pathways
101(1)
Home Health Care Documentation
101(1)
Long-Term Health Care Documentation
102(1)
Special Issues in Documentation
102(5)
Record Ownership and Access
102(1)
Confidentiality
102(1)
Use of Computers
102(1)
Use of Facsimile Machines
102(5)
Cultural and Ethnic Considerations
107(20)
Relda T. Kelly
Overview of Culture
107(1)
Culture Defined
107(3)
Transcultural Nursing
108(1)
Cultural Competence
108(1)
Race and Ethnicity
108(1)
Ethnic and Racial Groups in the United States
109(1)
Personal Cultural Practices
110(1)
Culturally Related Assessments
110(10)
Communication
110(1)
Space
111(1)
Time
111(1)
Social Organization
112(1)
Religious Beliefs and Health Care
112(1)
Health Practices
112(8)
Biologic Variations
120(1)
The Nursing Process and Cultural Factors
120(1)
Cultural Practices of Specific Groups
121(6)
Life Span Development
127(36)
Elaine U. Polan
Health Promotion Across the Life Span
127(1)
Growth and Development
128(1)
Patterns of Growth
129(1)
The Beginnings
129(1)
The Family
129(4)
Types of Families
130(1)
Family Patterns
130(1)
Stages of Family Development
131(1)
Causes of Family Stress
132(1)
Stages of Growth and Development
133(30)
Infancy: 1 to 12 Months
133(6)
Toddler: 1 to 3 Years
139(3)
Preschool: 3 to 5 Years
142(3)
School Age: 6 to 12 Years
145(3)
Adolescence: 12 to 19 Years
148(3)
Early Adulthood: 20 to 40 Years
151(1)
Middle Adulthood: 40 to 64 Years
152(2)
Late Adulthood: 65 and Older
154(9)
Loss, Grief, Dying, and Death
163(23)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Changes in Health Care Related to Dying and Death
164(1)
Historical Overview
164(1)
Loss
164(1)
Grief and Grieving
165(9)
Nurse's Grief
166(1)
Stages of Grief and Dying
167(1)
Unresolved, Dysfunctional Grief
168(1)
Supportive Care During the Dying and Grieving Process
169(5)
Special Supportive Care
174(1)
Perinatal Death
174(1)
Pediatric Death
175(1)
Suicide
175(1)
Gerontologic Death
175(1)
Sudden or Unexpected Death
175(1)
Issues Related to Dying and Death
175(2)
Euthanasia
175(1)
Do Not Resuscitate
176(1)
Advance Directives
176(1)
Organ Donations
176(1)
Rights of Dying Patients
177(1)
Fraudulent Methods of Treatment
177(1)
The Dying Patient
177(6)
Communicating with the Dying Patient
177(1)
Assisting the Patient in Saying Good-Bye
178(1)
Physical Care
179(1)
Assessments and Interventions for the Dying Patient
179(1)
Postmortem Care
180(1)
Special Considerations for Children
180(2)
Documentation
182(1)
The Grieving Family
183(3)
Support
183(1)
Resolution of Grief
183(3)
UNIT TWO BASIC NURSING SKILLS 186(310)
Admission, Transfer and Discharge
186(17)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Common Patient Reactions to Hospitalization
186(1)
Cultural Considerations for the Hospitalized Patient
187(1)
Admitting a Patient
188(5)
Transferring a Patient
193(1)
Discharge Planning
194(3)
Referrals for Health Care Services
197(2)
Discharging a Patient
199(4)
Vital Signs
203(28)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Guideliness for Obtaining Vital Signs
203(2)
Temperature
205(6)
Auscultating Using the Stethoscope
211(2)
Pulse
213(3)
Resiprations
216(2)
Blood Pressure
218(7)
Assessment of Blood Pressure in the Lower Extremities
222(1)
Automatic Measurement Devices
223(2)
Self-Measurement
225(1)
Height and Weight
225(1)
When Vital Signs Are Assessed
226(1)
Recording Vital Signs
227(4)
Medical /Surgical Asepsis and Infection Control
231(37)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Asepsis
231(1)
Infection Process
232(7)
Infectious Agent
232(4)
Reservoir
236(1)
Exit Route
236(1)
Method of Transmission
236(1)
Entrance of Microorganisms
237(1)
Host
237(2)
Nosocomial Infections
239(1)
Infections Control Team
239(1)
Infection Control Practitioner/Professional
239(1)
Employee Health Service
240(1)
Standard Precautions
240(7)
Handwashing
240(2)
Gloving
242(2)
Gowning
244(3)
Mask/Protective Eyewear
247(1)
Disposing of Contaminated Equipment
247(1)
Double Bagging
247(1)
Isolation Technique
247(2)
Surgical Asepsis
249(9)
Principles of Sterile Technique
249(1)
Opening Sterile Packages
250(1)
Preparing a Sterile Field
251(1)
Pouring Sterile Solutions
252(1)
Donning Sterile Gloves
252(4)
Closed Gloving
256(2)
Cleaning, Disnifection and Sterilization
258(4)
Cleaning
258(1)
Disinfection
258(1)
Sterilization
258(4)
Patient Teaching for Infection Control
262(1)
Infection Control for Home and Hospice Settings
263(5)
Prevention of Infection in the Home Setting
264(4)
Safety
268(19)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Safe Environment
268(3)
Left-Handed Patient
268(1)
Falls
268(3)
Infants and Children
271(1)
Older Adults
271(1)
Hospital/Health Care Environment
271(4)
Applying Safety Reminder Devices
275(3)
Ensuring Fire Safety
278(2)
Disaster Planning
280(2)
Accidental Poisoning
282(5)
Body Mechanics and Patient Mobility
287(21)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Using Appropriate Body Mechanics
287(2)
Positioning Patients
289(4)
Mobility Versus Immobility
293(2)
Performing Range-of-Motion Exercises
295(3)
Moving the Patient
298(1)
Using the Lift for Moving Patients
298(10)
Pain Management, Comfort, Rest and Sleep
308(18)
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
The Meaning of Comfort
308(1)
Nature of Pain
309(1)
Types of Pain
309(1)
Acute and Chronic Pain
309(1)
Theories of Pain Transmission
310(1)
Gate Control Theory
310(1)
Endorphins
310(1)
Definitions of Pain
310(1)
Making Pain the Fifth Vital Sign
311(1)
Requirements for Pain Control of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
312(1)
Requirements of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations Standards
312(1)
Nursing Assessment of Pain
312(1)
Collection of Subjective Data
312(1)
Collection of Objective Data
313(1)
Responsibility of the Nurse in Pain Control
313(2)
Guidelines for Individualizing Pain Therapy
315(1)
Nursing Interventions
315(5)
Noninvasive Pain Relief Techniques
316(1)
Invasive Approach to Pain Management
316(1)
Medication for Pain Management
316(1)
Pain Mechanisms Affected by Each Analgesic Group
317(1)
Administration Routes for Analgesics
318(1)
Preventing and Managing Opioid-Induced Constipoation
319(1)
Sleep and Rest
320(6)
Sleep Cycle
320(1)
Sleep Deprivation
320(1)
Promoting Rest and Sleep
320(6)
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
326(14)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Herbal Therapy
327(4)
Chiropractic Therapy
331(1)
Acupuncture and Acupressure
332(1)
Therapeutic Massage
333(1)
Aromatherapy
333(1)
Reflexology
334(1)
Warnings, Contraindications and Precautions
334(1)
Magnet Therapy
334(1)
Imagery
334(1)
Relaxation Therapy
335(1)
Yoga
336(1)
Nursing Role in Complementary and Alternative Therapies
336(4)
Hygiene and Care of the Patient's Environment
340(34)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Patient's Room Environment
341(2)
Maintaining Comfort
341(1)
Room Equipment
342(1)
Bathing
343(31)
Sitz Bath
343(1)
Cool Water Tub Bath
344(1)
Warm Water Tub Bath
344(1)
Hot Water Tub Bath
344(1)
Other Baths
344(1)
Back Care/Backrub Components of the Patient's Hygiene
344(1)
Care of the Skin
344(7)
Oral Hygiene
351(3)
Hair Care
354(5)
Perineal Care
359(1)
Eye, Ear and Nose Care
359(3)
Bedmaking
362(1)
Assisting the Patient with Elimination
362(12)
Specimen Collection and Diagnostic Examination
374(35)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Deagnostic Examination
374(1)
Preparing the Patient for Deagnostic Examinations
374(1)
Specimen Collection
375(17)
Guidelines for Specimen Collection
376(14)
Collecting a Midstream Urine Specimen
390(1)
Collecting a Sterile Urine Specimen
391(1)
Collecting a 24-Hour Urine Specimen
392(1)
Measuring Blood Glucose Levels
392(1)
Collecting a Stool Specimen
392(1)
Determining the Presence of Occult Blood in Stool (Guaiac)
392(1)
Collecting a Sputum Specimen
392(1)
Obtaining a Wound Culture
392(1)
Obtaining a Throat Culture
393(5)
Collecting a Blood Specimen(Venipuncturel)
394(4)
Electrocardiogram
398(11)
Selected Nursing Skills
409(87)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Standard Steps in Selected Skills
410(1)
Skills for Wound Care
411(19)
Wound Classification
411(1)
Wound Healing
411(2)
Surgical Wound
413(1)
Care of the Incision
414(3)
Wet-to-Dry Dressing
417(1)
Transparent Dressings
417(2)
Irrigations
419(1)
Complications of Wound Healing
419(1)
Staple and Suture Removal
420(3)
Exudate/Drainage
423(3)
Bandages and Binders
426(4)
Skills for Sensory Disorders
430(5)
Irrigations
430(5)
Skills for Heat and Cold Therapy
435(7)
Local Effects of Heat and Cold
435(1)
Assessment
435(1)
Patient Safety
436(1)
Physician's Order
437(1)
Moist or Dry Applications
437(1)
Hot, Moist Compresses
437(1)
Warm Soaks
437(3)
Paraffin Baths
440(1)
Aquathermia (Water-Flow) Pads
440(1)
Commercial Hot Packs
440(1)
Electric Heating Pads
440(1)
Cold Moist and Dry Compresses
440(2)
Ice Bags or Collars
442(1)
Skills for Administering Parenteral Fluids
442(9)
Intravenous Therapy/Venipuncture
443(5)
Blood Transfusion Therapy
448(2)
Changing the Tube
450(1)
Discountinuing Intravenous Therapy
450(1)
Skills for Respiratory Disorders
451(10)
Oxygen Therapy
451(10)
Skills for Urinary or Reproductive Tract Disorders
461(15)
Urinary Elimination
461(15)
Skills for Gastrointestinal Disorders
476(12)
Inserting and Maintaining Nasogastric Tubes
476(4)
Bowel Elimination
480(1)
Care of the Patient with Hemorrhoids
480(1)
Flatulence
480(1)
Administering an Enema
481(1)
Ostomies
482(6)
Nasal Irrigation
488(1)
Summary
488(8)
UNIT THREE BASIC NURSING INTERVENTIONS 496(142)
Basic Nutrition and Nutritional Therapy
496(48)
Kristen Kartchner Maughan
Role of the Nurse in Promoting Nutrition
497(1)
Basic Nutrition
497(13)
Diet Planning Guides
497(1)
Essential Nutrients
498(12)
Life Cycle Nutrition
510(6)
Pregnancy and Lactation
510(3)
Infancy
513(1)
Childhood
513(1)
Adolescence
514(1)
Adulthood
514(2)
Medical Nutrition Therapy and Therapeutic Diets
516(14)
Consistency, Texture and Frequency Modifications
517(1)
Kilocalorie Modifications
518(3)
Eating Disorders
521(3)
Carbohydrate-Modified Diets
524(2)
Fat-Modified Diets
526(2)
Protein-, Electrolyte and Fluid-Modified Diets
528(2)
Nutritional Support
530(14)
Tube Feedings
530(2)
Parenteral Nutrition Support
532(6)
Feeding the Patients
538(1)
Serving Meal Trays
539(5)
Fluids and Electrolytes
544(19)
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Fluids (Water)
544(1)
Fluid Compartments
545(1)
Intake and Output
546(1)
Movement of Fluid and Electrolytes
546(1)
Passive Transport
547(1)
Diffusion
547(1)
Osmosis
547(1)
Filtration
548(1)
Active Transport
548(7)
Electrolytes
548(7)
Acid-Base Balance
555(2)
Acid-Base Imbalance
557(6)
Respiratory Acidosis
557(1)
Respiratory Alkalosis
557(1)
Metabolic Acidosis
557(1)
Metabolic Alkalosis
558(5)
Mathematics Review and Principles and Practice of Medication Administration
563(49)
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Mathematics Review and Principles
564(1)
Fractions
564(3)
Definitions
564(3)
Decimal Fractions
567(1)
Names of Decimal Places
567(1)
Adding Decimals
567(1)
Subtracting Decimals
567(1)
Rounding a Number
567(1)
Multiplying Decimals
567(1)
Dividing Decimals
568(1)
Changing Fractions to Decimals
568(1)
Changing a Decimal Fraction to a Common Fraction
568(1)
Percents
568(1)
Changing a Percent to a Decimal Fraction
568(1)
Changing a Fraction to a Percent
568(1)
Multipling By Percent
568(1)
Ratios
569(1)
Proportions
569(1)
Definitions
569(1)
Review of Proportion Method
569(1)
The Metric System
570(1)
Approximate Equivalents of the Metric System and the Apothecary System
570(1)
Metric Measurements of Length
571(1)
Big to Small Rule
571(1)
Converting Larger Units of Measurement to Smaller Units of Measurement (gGrams to Milligrams; Liters to Milliliters)
571(1)
Converting Smaller Units of Measurement to Larger Units of Measurement (Milligrams to Grams; Milliliters to Lilters)
571(1)
Pediatric Considerations
571(2)
Young's Rule
572(1)
Clark's Rule
572(1)
Fried's Rule
572(1)
Estimating Body Surface Area in Children
572(1)
Principles and Practice of Medication Administration
573(1)
Pharmacology
573(3)
Drug Dosage
573(1)
Drug Actions and Interactions
573(3)
Medication Orders
576(2)
Controlled Substances
576(2)
Types of Orders
578(1)
Medication Administration
578(3)
``Six Rights''
578(2)
Important Considerations of Medication Administration
580(1)
Routes of Administration
581(1)
Enteral
581(1)
Percutaneous
581(1)
Perenteral
581(1)
Enteral Administration
581(1)
Preparation of Tablets, Pills, and Capsules
581(1)
Preparation of Liquid Medications
582(1)
Tubal Medications
582(1)
Suppositories
582(1)
Percutaneous Administration
582(4)
Ointments
582(1)
Creams
583(1)
Lotions
583(1)
Transdermal Patches (Topical Disk)
583(1)
Eyedrops and Eye Ointments
583(1)
Eardrops
583(1)
Nosedrops
583(2)
Nasal Sprays
585(1)
Administering Medications by Inhalation
585(1)
Sublingual Administration
585(1)
Buccal Administration
585(1)
Parenteral Administration
586(26)
Equipment
586(4)
Intramuscular Injections
590(2)
Intradermal Injections
592(1)
Subcutaneous Injections
592(1)
Intravenous Therapy
592(20)
Emergency First Aid Nursing
612(26)
Cynthia Steury-Lattz
Obtaining Medical Emergency Aid
612(1)
Moral and Legal Responsibilities of the Nurse
613(1)
Assessment of the Emergency Situation
613(1)
Ethical Implications
613(1)
Events Requiring CPR
614(1)
Adult One-Rescuer CPR
614(3)
Airway
614(1)
Breathing
615(1)
Circulation
615(1)
Steps to Adult One-Rescuer CPR
616(1)
Adult Two-Rescuer CPR
617(1)
When One-Rescuer CPR is in Progress
617(1)
When No CPR is in Progress
617(1)
Switching Procedures
617(1)
Pediatric CPR---Child/Infant
617(1)
Airway
617(1)
Breathing
617(1)
Circulation
618(1)
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Management
618(2)
Conscious Victim
619(1)
Unconscious Victim
619(1)
Shock
620(2)
Classification of Shock
620(1)
Assessment
620(1)
Nursing Interventions
621(1)
Bleeding/Hemorrhage
622(2)
Effects of Blood Loss
622(1)
Types of Bleeding
622(1)
Nursing Interventions
622(1)
Epistaxis
623(1)
Internal Bleeding
623(1)
Wounds and Trauma
624(2)
Closed Wounds
624(1)
Open Wounds
624(2)
Dressings and Bandages
626(1)
Poisons
626(3)
General Assessment of Poisoning
627(1)
Ingested Poisons
627(1)
Inhaled Poisons
628(1)
Absorbed Poisons
628(1)
Injected Poisons
628(1)
Drug and Alcohol Emergencies
629(1)
Alcohol
629(1)
Drugs
629(1)
Thermal and Cold Emergencies
629(2)
Heat Injuries
629(1)
Exposure to Excessive Cold
630(1)
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
631(2)
Fractures
631(1)
Dislocations
632(1)
Strains and Sprains
632(1)
Spinal-Cord Injuries
632(1)
Burn Injuries
633(5)
Shallow Partial-Thickness Burns
633(1)
Deep Partial-Thickness Burns
633(1)
Full-Thickness Burns
633(5)
UNIT FOUR MATERNAL AND NEONATAL NURSING 638(134)
Health promotion and Pregnancy
638(29)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Physiology of Pregnancy
638(1)
Fertilization
638(1)
Implantation
639(1)
Embryonic/Fetal Development
639(1)
Embryonic/Fetal Physiology
639(11)
Fetal Well-Being
650(2)
Maternal Physiology
652(1)
Hormonal Changes
652(1)
Uterus
652(1)
Breasts
652(1)
Maternity Cycle
653(1)
Antepartal Assessment
653(1)
Genetic Counseling
653(1)
Obstetric Assessment
653(1)
Gynecologic Examination
654(1)
Determination of Pregnancy
654(2)
Presumptive Signs
654(1)
Probable Signs
654(1)
Positive Signs
655(1)
Determination of the Estimated Date of Birth
655(1)
Obstetric Terminology
655(1)
Antepartal Care
656(6)
Health Promotion
656(1)
Danger Signs During Pregnancy
657(1)
Nutritional/Metabolic Health Pattern
657(1)
Elimination
658(2)
Activity/Exercise
660(1)
Rest/Sleep
660(1)
Sexuality/Reproductive System
660(2)
Coping/Stress Tolerance
662(1)
Role/Relationship
662(1)
Self-Perception/Self-Concept
662(1)
Cognitive/Perceptual
662(1)
Preparation for Childbirth
662(5)
Childbirth Preparation Classes
662(1)
Cultural Variations in Prenantal Care
663(4)
Labor and Delivery
667(1)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Normal Labor
667(1)
Onset
667(1)
Theories
667(1)
Signs of Impending Labor
667(1)
False Labor Versus True Labor
668(1)
Labor and Delivery
668(20)
Alternative Labor and Delivery Sites
668(1)
Process of Labor and Delivery
669(1)
Passageway
669(1)
Passengers
670(7)
Powers
677(3)
Position of the Mother
680(1)
Process
680(8)
Nursing Assessment and Interventions
688(8)
Health Perception and Health Management
688(1)
Nutritional and Metabolic Pattern
688(1)
Elimination
689(1)
Activity and Exercise
689(1)
Sexuality and Reproductive Issues
690(1)
Psychosocial Assessment
690(6)
Medical Interventions
696
Induction
696(1)
Forceps Delivery
697(1)
Vacuum Extraction
697(1)
Cesarean Delivery
697
Care of the Mother and Newborn
667(69)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Overview of Anatomic and Physiologic Changes of the Mother
700(4)
Reproductive Organs
700(2)
Cervix/Vagina/Perineum
702(1)
Breasts
702(1)
Other Body Systems
702(2)
Transfer from the Recovery Area
704(1)
Nursing Assessment of and Interventions for the Mother
704(6)
Health Perception/Health Management
704(1)
Nutritional and Metabolic Issues
705(3)
Hygiene
708(1)
Elimination
709(1)
Maintenance of Safety
710(6)
Activity/Exercise
710(1)
Rest and Sleep
711(1)
Sexuality and Reproductive Issues
711(5)
Psychosocial Assessment
716(5)
Coping and Stress Tolerance
716(1)
Signs of Potential Problems
716(1)
Roles and Relationships
717(1)
Self-Perception
718(1)
Cognitive and Perceptual Issues
718(2)
Values and Beliefs
720(1)
Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Normal Newborn
721(3)
Assessment Immediately After Delivery
721(1)
Characteristics
721(3)
Nursing Assessment of and Interventions for the Newborn
724(12)
Health Management and Health Perception
724(4)
Nutritional and Metabolic Issues
728(4)
Elimination
732(1)
Rest and Sleep
732(1)
Activity and Exercise
732(1)
Parent-Child Attachment
732(4)
Care of the High-Risk Mother and Newborn
736(36)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Complications of Pregnancy
736(2)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
738(6)
Multifetal Pregnancy
739(1)
Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy
740(1)
Ectopic Pregnancy
741(1)
Spontaneous Abortion
742(1)
Incompetent Cervix
743(1)
Bleeding Disorders
744(8)
Placenta Previa
744(1)
Abruptio Placentae
745(1)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
746(1)
Postpartum Hemorrhage
747(1)
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
748(4)
Complications Related to Infection
752(3)
Complications Related to Existing Medical Conditions
755(2)
Diabetes Mellitus
755(2)
Complications Related to the Cardiovascular System
757(1)
Complications Related to Age
758(4)
Adolescents
758(3)
Older Pregnant Woman
761(1)
Complications Related to the Newborn
762(7)
Newborns at Risk
762(1)
Gestational Age
762(1)
Preterm Infant
762(3)
Postterm Infant
765(1)
Infant of a Diabetic Mother
765(1)
Hemolytic Diseases
765(3)
Drug and Alcohol Abuse Syndromes
768(1)
Complications Related to Postpartum Mental Health Disorders
769(3)
Mood Disorders
769(3)
UNIT FIVE PEDIATRIC NURSING 772(129)
Health Promotion for the Infant, Child, and Adolescent
772(10)
Phyllis Waits
Healthy People 2010
772(5)
Physical Activity
772(1)
Overweight and Obesity
773(1)
Tobacco Use
773(1)
Substance Abuse
774(1)
Responsible Sexual Behavior
774(1)
Mental Health
774(1)
Injury and Violence
774(1)
Environmental Quality
775(1)
Immunization
775(2)
Access to Health Care
777(1)
Dental Health
777(2)
Strategies to Promote Dental Health
778(1)
Injury Prevention
779(3)
Poisoning
779(1)
Aspiration of a Foreign Body
780(1)
Burn Injuries
780(2)
Basic Pediatric Nursing Care
782(37)
Phyllis Waits
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
History of Child Care---Then and Now
782(1)
Pediatric Nursing
783(4)
Characteristics of a Pediatric Nurse
784(1)
Children with Special Needs
784(1)
Family-Centered Care
784(1)
Partnerships with Parents
785(1)
Future Challenges for the Pediatric Nurse
785(1)
Nursing Implications of Growth and Development
786(1)
Physical Assessment of the Pediatric Patient
787(7)
Growth Measurements
787(1)
Vital Signs
787(4)
Head-to-Toe Assessment
791(3)
Factors Influencing Growth and Development
794(3)
Nutrition
794(1)
Metabolism
795(1)
Sleep and Rest
795(1)
Speech and Communication
795(2)
Hospitalization of a Child
797(6)
Preadmission Programs
797(1)
Admission
798(1)
Hospital Policies
798(1)
Developmental Support for the Child
799(1)
Pain Management
799(2)
Surgery
801(1)
Parent Participation
802(1)
Common Pediatric Procedures
803(9)
Bathing
803(1)
Feedings
804(1)
Safety Reminder Devices
805(1)
Urine Collection
806(1)
Venipunctures to Obtain Blood Specimens
807(1)
Lumbar Puncture
808(1)
Oxygen Therapy
808(1)
Suctioning
809(1)
Intake and Output
810(1)
Medication Administration
810(2)
Optic, Otic, and Nasal Administration
812(1)
Rectal Administration
812(1)
Safety
812(7)
Care of the Child with a Physical Disorder
819(71)
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Phyllis Waits
Disorders of Cardiovascular Function
819(8)
Congenital Heart Disease
819(2)
Defects with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
821(4)
Defects with Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
825(1)
Defects with Obstruction to Systemic Blood Flow
826(1)
Mixed Defects
826(1)
Acquired Heart Disease
826(1)
Disorders of Hematologic Function
827(5)
Anemia
827(1)
Iron Deficiency Anemia
827(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia
828(1)
Aplastic Anemia
828(1)
Coagulation Disorders
828(1)
Hemophilia
828(2)
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
830(1)
Neoplastic Disorders
831(1)
Leukemia
831(1)
Hodgkin's Disease
832(1)
Disorders of Immune Function
832(3)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
832(2)
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
834(1)
Disorders of Respiratory Function
835(9)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
835(1)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
836(1)
Pneumonia
836(1)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
837(1)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
838(1)
Acute Pharyngitis (Sore Throat)
838(1)
Tonsillitis
839(1)
Croup
839(1)
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
840(1)
Bronchitis (Tracheobronchitis)
840(1)
Acute Bronchiolitis
840(1)
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
841(1)
Cystic Fibrosis
841(1)
Bronchial Asthama
842(2)
Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function
844(10)
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
844(2)
Dehydration
846(1)
Diarrhea and Gastroenteritis
847(1)
Constipation
848(1)
Gastroesophageal Reflux
849(1)
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
850(1)
Intussusception
851(1)
Hirschsprung's Disease
852(1)
Hernias
853(1)
Disorders of Genitourinary Function
854(4)
Urinary Tract Infection
854(1)
Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis)
855(1)
Acute Glomerulonephritis
856(1)
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
856(1)
Structural Defects of the Genitourinary Tract
857(1)
Disorders of Endocrine Function
858(2)
Hypothyroidism
858(1)
Hyperthyroidism
858(1)
Diabetes Mellitus
859(1)
Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function
860(6)
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
860(1)
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana)
861(1)
Scoliosis
862(1)
Osteomyelitis
863(1)
Talipes (Clubfoot)
864(1)
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
865(1)
Septic Arthritis (Septic Joint, Suppurative Arthritis)
865(1)
Fractures
866(1)
Disorders of Neurologic Function
866(8)
Meningitis
866(1)
Encephalitis
867(1)
Hydrocephalus
867(2)
Cerebral Palsy
869(2)
Seizure Disorders
871(1)
Spina Bifida (Myelomeningocele)
871(1)
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
872(1)
Neuroblastoma
872(1)
Lead Poisoning
873(1)
Disorders of Integumentary Function
874(12)
Noninfectious Disorders of the Skin
875(1)
Contact Dermatitis
875(1)
Diaper Dermatitis
875(1)
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
876(1)
Seborrheic Dermatitis
877(1)
Acne Vulgaris
877(2)
Psoriasis
879(1)
Traumatic Injuries
879(1)
Infectious Disorders of the Skin
879(1)
Bacterial Infections
879(1)
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
880(1)
Tinea Capitis, Tinea Corporis, Tinea Cruris, and Tinea Pedis (Ringworm)
880(1)
Candidiasis (Thrush)
880(1)
Parasitic Infections
881(1)
Communicable Diseases and Immunizations
882(4)
Disorders of Sensory Organ Function
886(4)
Hearing
886(1)
Vision
886(1)
Nasal Cavity
887(3)
Care of the Child with a Mental or Cognitive Disorder
890(11)
Phyllis Waits
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Disorders of Cognitive Function
890(2)
Cognitive Impairment
890(1)
Down Syndrome
891(1)
Child Maltreatment
892(2)
Child Neglect
892(1)
Child Abuse
892(2)
School Avoidance (School Phobia, School Refusal)
894(1)
Etiology/Pathophysiology
894(1)
Clinical Manifestations
894(1)
Diagnostic Tests
894(1)
Learning Disabilities
894(1)
Etiology/Pathophysiology
894(1)
Clinical Manifestations
894(1)
Diagnostic Tests
895(1)
Medical Management/Nursing Interventions
895(1)
Prognosis
895(1)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
895(1)
Etiology/Pathophysiology
895(1)
Clinical Manifestations
895(1)
Diagnostic Tests
895(1)
Medical Management
895(1)
Nursing Interventions
895(1)
Prognosis
896(1)
Other Disorders
896(5)
Anorexia and Bulimia
896(1)
Substance Abuse
896(1)
Depression
896(1)
Suicide
897(1)
Psychogenic Abdominal Pain (Recurrent Abdominal Pain)
897(4)
UNIT SIX GERONTOLOGIC NURSING 901(24)
Health Promotion and Care of the Older Adult
901(24)
Martha Keene Elkin
Overview of Health and Wellness in the Ailing Adult
901(3)
Older Adulthood Defined
901(1)
Demographics
901(1)
Wellness, Health Promotion, and Disease Prevention
902(1)
Myths and Realities
902(1)
Theories of Aging
902(1)
Legislation Affecting Older Adults
903(1)
Elder Abuse and Neglect
903(1)
The Aging Body
904(15)
Integumentary System
905(1)
Gastrointestinal System
906(3)
Urinary System
909(1)
Cardiovascular System
910(1)
Respiratory System
910(1)
Musculoskeletal System
911(2)
Endocrine System
913(1)
Reproductive System
913(1)
Sensory Perception
914(2)
Nervous System
916(3)
Health Care and the Aging Adult
919(1)
Illness Responses
919(1)
Medications
919(1)
Hospitalization, Surgery, and Rehabilitation
920(1)
Security Concerns for the Older Adult
921(1)
Finances
921(1)
Housing
921(1)
Psychosocial Care of the Older Adult
921(1)
Cognitive Changes
921(1)
Loss, Grief, and Depression
921(1)
Health Promotion for Healthy Aging
922(3)
UNIT SEVEN PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 925(51)
Basic Concepts of Mental Health
937(1)
Linda Calland
Historical Overview of Mental Health Care
926(1)
Basic Concepts Related to Mental Health
927(5)
Mental Health Continuum
928(1)
Personality and Self-Concept
928(1)
Stress
929(1)
Anxiety
929(1)
Motivation
930(1)
Frustration
930(1)
Conflict
930(1)
Adaptation and Coping
930(2)
How Illness Affects Mental Health
932(1)
Illness Behaviors
932(1)
Crisis Intervention
933(1)
Application of the Nursing Process
934(3)
Care of the Patient with a Psychiatric Disorder
937(22)
Linda Calland
Organic Mental Disorders
938(1)
Thought Process Disorders
938(5)
Major Mood Disorders: Depression and Bipolar Disorder
943(2)
Anxiety Disorders
945(3)
Personality Disorders
948(1)
Sexual Disorders
948(1)
Psychophysiologic (Somatoform) Disorders
949(1)
Eating Disorders
949(1)
Overview of Treatment Methods
950(5)
Communication and the Therapeutic Relationship
950(1)
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
951(1)
Psychopharmacology
952(3)
Alternative Therapies
955(1)
Application of the Nursing Process
955(4)
Care of the Patient With an Addictive Personality
959(17)
Linda Calland
Stages of Dependence
960(1)
Early Stages
960(1)
Middle Stage
961(1)
Late Stage
961(1)
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
961(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology
961(1)
Disorders Associated with Alcoholism
962(1)
Assessment
963(1)
Diagnostic Tests
963(1)
Nursing Diagnoses
963(1)
Nursing Interventions
963(1)
Rehabilitation
964(2)
Group Therapy
964(1)
Alcoholics Anonymous
964(1)
Treatment Centers
965(1)
Pain Management
965(1)
Drug Abuse
966(6)
Depressants
967(1)
Opioid Analgesics
968(1)
Stimulants
968(1)
Hallucinogens
969(1)
Cannabis
970(1)
Inhalants
971(1)
Chemically Impaired Nurses
972(4)
UNIT EIGHT COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 976(50)
Home Health Nursing
976(14)
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Home Health Care Defined
977(1)
Historical Overview
977(1)
Types of Home Care Agencies
978(2)
Changes in Home Health Care
980(1)
Service Components
980(3)
Skilled Nursing
981(1)
Role of the LPN/LVN
981(1)
Physical Therapy
982(1)
Speech-Language Therapy
982(1)
Occupational Therapy
982(1)
Medical Social Services
982(1)
Housemaker-Home Health Aide
982(1)
The Typical Home Health Process
983(1)
Referral
983(1)
Admission
983(1)
Care Plan
983(1)
Visits
983(1)
Documentation
983(1)
Discharge Planning
984(1)
Quality Assurance/Assessment/Improvement
984(1)
Reimbursement Sources
984(1)
Medicare
984(1)
Medicaid
985(1)
Third Party
985(1)
Private Pay
985(1)
Other Sources
985(1)
Cultural Considerations
985(2)
Summary
987(3)
Long-Term Care
990(11)
Patricia A. O'Neill
Settings for Long-Term Care
991(10)
The Home
991(1)
Hospice
992(1)
Adult Day Care
993(1)
Residential Care Settings
994(1)
Institutional Settings
995(6)
Rehabilitation Nursing
1001(12)
Sharon Duffy
Rehabilitation Defined
1001(1)
Issues in Rehabilitation
1001(1)
Need for Rehabilitation
1002(1)
Goals of Rehabilitation
1002(1)
Cornerstones of Rehabilitation
1002(1)
Rehabilitation Team
1003(2)
Models of Team Functioning
1003(1)
Rehabilitation Nurse
1003(1)
Comprehensive Rehabilitation Plan
1004(1)
Patient Education
1005(1)
Scope of Individuals Requiring Rehabilitation
1005(1)
Family and Family -Centered Care
1005(1)
Pediatric Rehabilitation Nursing
1005(1)
Gerontologic Rehabilitation Nursing
1006(1)
Disabling Disorders
1006(7)
Spinal Cord Injuries
1006(1)
Traumatic Brain Injuries
1007(6)
Hospice Care
1013(13)
Janelle Hawks
History of Hospice
1013(1)
Palliative Versus Curative Care
1014(1)
Criteria for Admission
1014(1)
Goals of Hospice
1015(1)
Interdisciplinary Team
1015(2)
Medical Director
1015(1)
Nurse Coordinator
1015(1)
Social Worker
1015(1)
Spiritual Coordinator
1015(1)
Volunteer Coordinator
1016(1)
Bereavement Coordinator
1016(1)
Hospice Pharmacist
1016(1)
Dietitian Consultant
1016(1)
Hospice Aide
1016(1)
Other Services
1016(1)
Palliative Care
1017(5)
Pain
1018(1)
Nausea and Vomiting
1019(2)
Constipation
1021(1)
Anorexia and Malnutrition
1021(1)
Dyspnea or Air Hunger
1021(1)
Psychosocial and Spiritual Issues
1022(1)
Other Common Signs and Symptoms
1022(1)
Patient and Caregiver Teaching
1022(1)
Bereavement Period
1022(1)
Ethical Issues in Hospice Care
1023(3)
UNIT NINE FROM GRADUATE TO PROFESSIONAL 1026(24)
Professional Roles and Leadership
1026(24)
Elaine Oden Kockrow
Barbara Lauritsen Christensen
Functioning as a Graduate
1026(5)
Letter of Application
1026(1)
Resume
1026(2)
Personal Interview
1028(1)
Contracts
1028(2)
Keeping Your Job
1030(1)
Advancement
1030(1)
Terminating Employment
1031(1)
Transition from Student to Graduate
1031(3)
Know Your Role
1031(1)
Confidentiality
1031(1)
Role of the Licensed Practical Nurse/Licensed Vocational Nurse in the Community
1031(1)
Professional Organizations
1031(1)
Continuing Education
1032(1)
Certification Opportunities
1033(1)
Licensure Examination
1034(2)
Endorsement/Reciprocity
1035(1)
Nurse Licensing Compact/Mutual Recognition
1035(1)
Nurse Practice Act
1036(1)
State Board of Nursing
1036(1)
Career Opportunities
1036(3)
Hospitals
1036(1)
Long-Term Care Facilities
1037(1)
Home Health
1037(1)
Physician's Office or Clinic
1037(1)
Insurance Companies
1037(1)
Temporary Agencies
1038(1)
Travel Opportunities
1038(1)
Pharmaceutical Sales
1038(1)
Other Medical Sales
1038(1)
Outpatient Hotels
1038(1)
Opportunities in the Military
1038(1)
Adult Day Care
1038(1)
School Nurse
1038(1)
Public Health
1038(1)
Outpatient Surgery
1038(1)
Private Duty Nurse
1038(1)
Government Nursing (Civil Service)
1039(1)
Industrial Nursing
1039(1)
Rehabilitation Nursing
1039(1)
Psychiatric Nursing
1039(1)
Hospice Nursing
1039(1)
Leadership and Management
1039(11)
Autocratic Style
1039(1)
Democratic Style
1040(1)
Laissez-Faire Style
1040(1)
Situational Leadership
1040(1)
Team Leading
1041(1)
Time Management
1041(1)
Anger Management
1041(1)
Burnout
1042(2)
Transcribing Physicians' Orders
1044(2)
Change-of-Shift Report
1046(4)
References and Suggested Readings 1050(15)
Illustration Credits 1065(4)
Glossary 1069(20)
Common Abbreviations 1089(1)
Chapter Challenge Answers 1090

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