| Preface |
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viii | (2) |
| Abbreviations |
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x | |
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1 Homeostasis: The central concept in physiology |
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1 | (8) |
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An introduction to animal physiology |
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1 | (1) |
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The body fluids of animals |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Homeostatic control systems -- feedback |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (1) |
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Non-physiological homeostatic mechanisms |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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2 Neurons and nervous systems |
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9 | (24) |
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9 | (1) |
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Cellular elements of the nervous system |
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9 | (4) |
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13 | (7) |
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20 | (6) |
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Organization of nervous systems |
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26 | (7) |
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3 Receptors and effectors |
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33 | (22) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Classification of sensory receptors |
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34 | (1) |
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Sensory receptor function |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (6) |
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Effectors -- the responses to sensory information |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (5) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (18) |
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55 | (1) |
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Definition of endocrine systems |
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55 | (2) |
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Identification of endocrine organs |
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57 | (1) |
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The chemical nature of hormones |
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58 | (1) |
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The mechanism of hormone action |
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59 | (3) |
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Invertebrate endocrine systems |
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62 | (5) |
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Vertebrate endocrine systems |
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67 | (6) |
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5 Ventilation and gas exchange |
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73 | (18) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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A comparison of air and water as respiratory media |
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75 | (1) |
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Gas exchange by simple diffusion across the general body surface area |
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76 | (1) |
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The evolution and design considerations of gas exchange organs |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (4) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (4) |
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6 Thermoregulation in animals |
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91 | (16) |
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The importance of temperature to animal physiology |
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91 | (1) |
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Classification of temperature regulation |
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92 | (1) |
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Heat exchange interactions between animals and the environment |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (5) |
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Control of body temperature in endotherms |
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104 | (1) |
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A comparison of ectothermy with endothermy |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (18) |
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Functions of circulatory systems |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (3) |
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Types of circulatory system |
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114 | (5) |
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119 | (4) |
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Transport of carbon dioxide |
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123 | (2) |
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8 Gastrointestinal function |
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125 | (22) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (6) |
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The need for a gastrointestinal system |
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131 | (1) |
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Generalized structure and function of gastrointestinal systems |
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132 | (13) |
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Excretion and water absorption |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (14) |
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147 | (1) |
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The principles of osmosis |
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147 | (2) |
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Generalized osmotic responses of animals |
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149 | (2) |
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The osmotic responses of animals |
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151 | (10) |
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161 | (14) |
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The need for excretory organs |
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161 | (1) |
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Types of excretory organs |
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161 | (10) |
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171 | (4) |
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175 | (18) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (5) |
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183 | (2) |
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Development and pregnancy |
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185 | (4) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
| Appendix. An outline classification of animals |
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193 | (4) |
| Glossary |
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197 | (14) |
| Index |
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211 | |
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