| Preface |
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ix | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (10) |
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Gravity, weight and stress |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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The relationship between weight and gravity |
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10 | (5) |
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15 | (31) |
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15 | (5) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (2) |
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Standing with a bent knee |
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28 | (4) |
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Triangulated lattice structures |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (3) |
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Weight-bearing by the leg |
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37 | (4) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (4) |
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The generation and deployment of muscle force |
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46 | (27) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Neuromuscular transmission |
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48 | (1) |
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Internal structure of a muscle cell |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
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Functional components in muscle |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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Tension-length relationship |
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59 | (9) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (4) |
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73 | (21) |
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Momentum, work and energy |
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73 | (4) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (4) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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Angular momentum and the moment of inertia |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (81) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (6) |
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104 | (1) |
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The supporting framework of the trunk |
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105 | (1) |
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The abdomen as a hydraulic strut |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (2) |
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Muscles spanning more than one joint |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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Muscles as adjustable springs |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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Stretch reflexes in the decerebrate preparation |
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116 | (1) |
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Interaction between stretch reflexes |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (3) |
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Stabilizing reflexes from the labyrinth |
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124 | (4) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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A model to clarify the effects of interactions |
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130 | (5) |
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135 | (1) |
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Buttressing, stepping and hopping |
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136 | (6) |
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Lateral movements of the head |
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142 | (1) |
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Factors obscuring the stabilizing responses |
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143 | (1) |
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Reflex effects within the vertebral column |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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The moving vector display |
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146 | (1) |
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Swaying movements in quiet standing |
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147 | (1) |
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Standing on a movable support |
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148 | (3) |
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Deciding on the direction of the behavioural vertical |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (1) |
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Reactions on overbalancing |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (3) |
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Anticipatory pre-emptive actions |
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159 | (1) |
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Effect of life-style on balancing behaviour |
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160 | (1) |
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Tilting the seated subject |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (2) |
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Visual cues for balancing |
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164 | (1) |
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The `moving room' experiment |
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164 | (2) |
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Supplementary proprioceptive cues |
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166 | (1) |
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Tilt of the support vector |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (1) |
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Postural reactions from the skin |
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169 | (1) |
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Righting without labyrinths |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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Postural reactions in the newborn human baby |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (53) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Initiation of the slow walk |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (3) |
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Trunk movements during walking |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (3) |
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Bipedal leaping progression |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (2) |
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The `canonical' sequence of limb movements at the crawl walk |
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191 | (4) |
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Continuous progression at the walk |
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195 | (4) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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Preparation of the cyclic gait diagram |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (3) |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (2) |
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Gaits of animals other than horses |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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Effect of restricting the area of support |
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217 | (2) |
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The return from the brink |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (4) |
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Proprioceptive transducers |
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228 | (44) |
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228 | (1) |
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A simple deformation-receptor |
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229 | (2) |
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Definition of `impulse-frequency' |
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231 | (1) |
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The response to a change in joint angle |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (3) |
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The mammalian muscle-spindle |
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238 | (2) |
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Distinctions between the intrafusal muscle-fibres |
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240 | (3) |
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The sensory discharge from the spindle |
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243 | (2) |
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Modelling the dynamic component |
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245 | (3) |
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Effects of the activation of intrafusal muscle-fibres |
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248 | (2) |
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The balancing organ in the inner ear |
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250 | (4) |
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The mechanics of the semicircular canal |
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254 | (8) |
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262 | (10) |
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272 | (68) |
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The `adequate stimulus' for the jerk reflex |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (1) |
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Action of synaptic transmitters |
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278 | (2) |
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Variations in stretch-reflex sensitivity |
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280 | (3) |
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Deficiencies in the follow-up length servo hypothesis |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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Misleading signals from the labyrinth |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (2) |
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Pathways in the central nervous system |
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294 | (1) |
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Feature extractors in the central nervous system |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (5) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (4) |
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Tilting reactions in basal ganglion disease |
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306 | (5) |
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Effect of L-Dopa on long-term Parkinsonian patients |
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311 | (1) |
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Rhythm generators for locomotion |
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312 | (1) |
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The size principle for the recruitment of motor units |
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313 | (1) |
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Spike-triggered averaging |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (1) |
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Action of neuromodulators |
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320 | (1) |
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The hippocampus and related structures |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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Networks within the nervous system |
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325 | (2) |
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Stages in feature extraction |
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327 | (2) |
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`Complex cells' in the visual pathway |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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A scheme for neural development |
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330 | (4) |
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Anticipatory pre-emptive actions |
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334 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (3) |
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Overall summary and conclusions |
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338 | (2) |
| Sources of figures |
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340 | (3) |
| Index |
|
343 | |
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