| Preface |
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v | |
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ix | |
| PART 1 OVERALL PROPERTIES OF HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS |
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3 | (6) |
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Aggregate Properties and a Veraging Methods |
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9 | (64) |
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11 | (16) |
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Representative Volume Element (RVE) |
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11 | (5) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (4) |
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27 | (46) |
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Average Stress and Stress Rate |
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27 | (2) |
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Average Strain and Strain Rate |
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29 | (2) |
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Average Rate of Stress-Work |
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31 | (2) |
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Uniform Boundary Tractions |
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33 | (1) |
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Linear Boundary Velocities |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Interfaces and Discontinuities |
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35 | (3) |
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Potential Function For Macro-Elements |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Relation between Macropotentials |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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Linear Versus Nonlinear Response |
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45 | (1) |
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General Relations Between Macropotentials |
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45 | (5) |
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Bounds on Macropotential Functions |
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50 | (3) |
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Statistical Homogeneity, Average Quantities, and Overall Properties |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (3) |
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Limiting Process and Limit Fields |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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Coupled Mechanical And Nonmechanical Properties |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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Stress/Electric-field Potential |
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66 | (1) |
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Strain/Electric-displacement Potential |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (3) |
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71 | (2) |
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Elastic Solids with Microcavities and Microcracks |
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73 | (134) |
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75 | (18) |
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Hooke's Law and Material Symmetry |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (4) |
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Plane Strain/Plane Stress |
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82 | (4) |
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Reciprocal Theorem, Superposition, and Green's Function |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (2) |
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Elastic Solids With Traction-Free Defects |
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93 | (10) |
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Statement of Problem and Notation |
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93 | (2) |
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Average Strain for Prescribed Macrostress |
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95 | (2) |
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Overall Compliance Tensor for Porous Elastic Solids |
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97 | (1) |
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Average Stress for Prescribed Macrostrain |
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98 | (2) |
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Overall Elasticity Tensor for Porous Elastic Solids |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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Elastic Solids with Microcavities |
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103 | (18) |
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Effective Moduli of an Elastic Plate Containing Circular Holes |
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103 | (1) |
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Estimates of Three-Dimensional Moduli from Two-Dimensional Results |
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104 | (2) |
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Effective Moduli: Dilute Distribution of Cavities |
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106 | (5) |
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Effective Moduli: Self-Consistent Estimates |
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111 | (2) |
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Effective Moduli in x+-Direction |
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113 | (2) |
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Effective Bulk Modulus of an Elastic Body Containing Spherical Cavities |
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115 | (2) |
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Energy Consideration and Symmetry Properties of Tensor H |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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Elastic Solids with Microcracks |
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121 | (86) |
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Overall Strain Due to Microcracks |
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121 | (2) |
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Overall Compliance and Modulus Tensors of Homogeneous Linearly Elastic Solids with Microcracks |
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123 | (1) |
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Effective Moduli of an Elastic Solid Containing Aligned Slit Microcracks |
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124 | (1) |
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Crack Opening Displacements |
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125 | (1) |
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Effective Moduli: Dilute Distribution of Aligned Microcracks |
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125 | (4) |
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Effective Moduli: Dilute Distribution of Aligned Frictional Microcracks |
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129 | (2) |
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Effective Moduli of an Elastic Solid Containing Randomly Distributed Slit Microcracks |
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131 | (1) |
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Effective Moduli: Random Dilute Distribution of Open Microcracks |
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131 | (4) |
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Effective Moduli: Self-Consistent Estimate |
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135 | (2) |
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Effective Moduli in Antiplane Shear: Random Dilute Distribution of Frictionless Microcracks |
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137 | (3) |
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Plane Stress, Plane Strain, and Three-Dimensional Overall Moduli |
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140 | (1) |
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Effect of Friction and Load-Induced Anisotropy |
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141 | (6) |
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Effective Moduli of an Elastic Body Containing Aligned Penny-Shaped Microcracks |
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147 | (1) |
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Crack-Opening-Displacements |
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147 | (1) |
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Effective Moduli: Dilute Distribution of Aligned Microcracks |
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147 | (4) |
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Effective Moduli of an Elastic Body Containing Randomly Distributed Penny-Shaped Microcracks |
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151 | (1) |
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Dilute Open Microcracks with Prescribed Distribution |
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151 | (3) |
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Effective Moduli: Random Dilute Distribution of Microcracks |
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154 | (4) |
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Effective Moduli: Self-Consistent Estimates |
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158 | (4) |
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Effective Moduli of an Elastic Body Containing Penny-Shaped Microcracks Parallel to an Axis |
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162 | (5) |
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167 | (1) |
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Crack-Opening-Displacements and Associated Strains |
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168 | (2) |
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Dilute Distribution of Parallel Crack Arrays |
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170 | (2) |
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Randomly Oriented Open Slit Crack Arrays Parallel to an Axis |
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172 | (2) |
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Brittle Failure in Compression |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (4) |
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A New Look at Microcracking in Compression |
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180 | (4) |
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Model Calculations: Axial Splitting |
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184 | (3) |
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Model Calculations: Faulting |
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187 | (1) |
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Model Calculations: Brittle-Ductile Transition |
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188 | (5) |
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Dynamic Brittle Failure In Compression |
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193 | (2) |
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Strain-rate Effect on Brittle Failure in Compression |
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195 | (2) |
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Illustriative Examples of Dynamic Brittle Failure in Compression |
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197 | (3) |
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200 | (7) |
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Elastic Solids With Micro-Inclusions |
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207 | (212) |
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Overall Elastic Modulus and Compliance Tensors |
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209 | (36) |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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Eigenstrain and Eigenstress Tensors |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Uniform Eigenstrain and Eigenstress |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (1) |
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Eshelby's Tensor for Special Cases |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (2) |
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Estimates of Overall Modulus and Compliance Tensors: Dilute Distribution |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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Equivalence between Overall Compliance and Elasticity Tensors |
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228 | (1) |
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Estimates of Overall Modules and Compliance Tensors: Self-Consistent Method |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Equivalence of Overall Compliance and Elasticity Tensors Obtained by Self-Consistent Method |
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231 | (2) |
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Overall Elasticity and Compliance Tensors for Polycrystals |
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233 | (2) |
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Energy Consideration and Symmetry of Overall Elasticity and Compliance Tensors |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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Equivalence of Overall Compliance and Elasticity Tensors Obtained on the Basis of Elastic Energy |
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238 | (2) |
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Certain Exact Identities Involving Overall Elastic Energy |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (3) |
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Examples of Elastic Solids with Elastic Micro-Inclusions |
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245 | (20) |
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Random Distribution of Spherical Micro-Inclusions |
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245 | (1) |
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Effective Moduli: Dilute Distribution of Spherical Inclusions |
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246 | (2) |
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Effective Moduli: Self-Consistent Estimates |
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248 | (2) |
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Effective Moduli of an Elastic Plate Containing Aligned Reinforcing-Fibers |
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250 | (4) |
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Effective Moduli: Dilute Distribution of Fibers |
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254 | (1) |
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Effective Moduli: Self-Consistent Estimates |
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255 | (1) |
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Effective Moduli: in Antiplane Shear: Dilute-Distribution and Self-Consistent Estimates |
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256 | (3) |
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Plane Strain and Plane Stress States |
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259 | (1) |
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Reduction of Three-Dimensional Moduli to Two-Dimensional Moduli |
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259 | (1) |
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Two-Dimensional Nominal Eshelby Tensor |
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260 | (1) |
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Computation of Nominal Eshelby Tensor for Plane Stress |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (3) |
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Upper And Lower Bounds for Overall Elastic Moduli |
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265 | (88) |
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Hashin-Shtrikman Variational Principle |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (4) |
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271 | (4) |
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Upper and Lower Bounds for Energy Functionals |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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Compliant Micro-Inclusions |
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278 | (1) |
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Bounds for Elastic Strain and Complementary Elastic Energies |
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278 | (2) |
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Generalized Bounds on Overall Energies |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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Upper and Lower Bounds on Overall Energies |
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283 | (3) |
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Subregion Approximation Method |
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286 | (1) |
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Direct Estimates of Overall Moduli |
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287 | (1) |
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Boundary-Value Problems for Equivalent Homogeneous Solid |
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288 | (2) |
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Simplified Integral Operators |
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290 | (1) |
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Approximate Correlation Tensors |
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291 | (3) |
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Optimal Eigenstrains and Eigenstresses |
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294 | (2) |
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Generalized Variational Principles; Exact Bounds |
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296 | (1) |
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Generalization of Energy Functionals and Bounds |
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296 | (6) |
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Inequalities among Generalized Energy Functionals |
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302 | (1) |
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Functionals with Simplified Integral Operators |
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303 | (7) |
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Exact Bounds Based on Simplified Functionals |
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310 | (4) |
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314 | (2) |
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Alternative Formulation of Exact Inequalities: Direct Evaluation of Exact Bounds |
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316 | (4) |
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Universal Bounds for Overall Moduli |
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320 | (1) |
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Equivalence of Two Approximate Functionals |
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321 | (1) |
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Summary of Exact Inequalities |
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322 | (1) |
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Universal Bounds for Overall Moduli of Ellipsoidal RVE (1) |
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323 | (4) |
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Universal Bounds for Overall Moduli of Ellipsoidal RVE (2) |
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327 | (1) |
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Relation between Universal Bounds and Estimated Bounds |
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328 | (2) |
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Bounds for Overall Nonmechanical Moduli |
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330 | (1) |
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Generalized Hashin-Shtrikman Variational Principle |
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331 | (2) |
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Consequence of Universal Theorems |
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333 | (2) |
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Universal Bounds for Overall Conductivity |
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335 | (4) |
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Bounds For Overall Moduli Of Piezoelectric RVE's |
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339 | (1) |
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Generalized Hashin-Shtrikman Variational Principle |
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339 | (4) |
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Consequence of Universal Theorems |
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343 | (3) |
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Comments on Computing Bounds for Overall Moduli |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (4) |
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Self-Consistent, Differential, and Related Averaging Methods |
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353 | (44) |
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Summary of Exact Relations Between Average Quantities |
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353 | (1) |
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Assumptions in Dilute-Distribution Model |
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354 | (2) |
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Dilute Distribution: Modeling Approximation |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (4) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (2) |
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364 | (3) |
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Equivalence between Overall Elasticity and Compliance Tensors |
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367 | (1) |
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Two-Phase Model and Double-Inclusion Method |
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368 | (1) |
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Basic Formulation: Two-Phase Model |
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369 | (4) |
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Comments on Two-Phase Model |
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373 | (1) |
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Relation with Hashin-Shtrikman Bounds |
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374 | (1) |
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Generalization of Eshelby's Results |
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375 | (3) |
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378 | (3) |
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381 | (1) |
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Multi-Phase Composite Model |
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382 | (2) |
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Bounds on Overall Moduli by Double-Inclusion Method |
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384 | (2) |
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Equivalence among Estimates by Dilute Distribution, Self-Consistent, Differential, and Doubleinclusion Methods |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (4) |
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394 | (3) |
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Eshelby's Tensor and Related Topics |
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397 | (22) |
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Eigenstrain and Eigenstress Problems |
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397 | (1) |
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Green's Function for Infinite Domain |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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The Eigenstrain- or Eigenstress-Problem |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
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Uniform Eigenstrains in an Ellipsoidal Domain |
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402 | (1) |
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Eshelby's Tensor for an Isotropic Solid |
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403 | (3) |
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Eshelby's Tensor for Anisotropic Media |
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406 | (1) |
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Some Basic Properties of Eshelby's Tensor |
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407 | (1) |
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Symmetry of the Eshelby Tensor |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Average Quantities |
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409 | (3) |
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Relations Among Average Quantities |
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412 | (1) |
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412 | (2) |
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Superposition of Uniform Strain and Stress Fields |
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414 | (1) |
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Prescribed Boundary Conditions |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (2) |
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Solids With Periodic Microstructure |
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419 | (128) |
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General Properties and Field Equations |
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421 | (46) |
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Periodic Microstructure and RVE |
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421 | (1) |
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Periodicity and Unit Cell |
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422 | (2) |
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424 | (1) |
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Displacement and Strain Fields |
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425 | (2) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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Periodic Eigenstrain and Eigenstress Fields |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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Periodic Integral Operators |
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430 | (2) |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (4) |
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Two-Phase Periodic Microstructure |
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439 | (1) |
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Average Eigenstrain Formulation |
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439 | (3) |
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Modification for Multi-Phase Periodic Microstructure |
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442 | (1) |
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Properties of the g-Integral |
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442 | (2) |
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Elastic Inclusions and Cavities |
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444 | (1) |
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Elastic Spherical Inclusions |
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445 | (2) |
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Elastic Ellipsodial Inclusions |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (2) |
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Periodically Distributed Microcracks |
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450 | (1) |
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Limit of Eshelby's Solution |
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451 | (2) |
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The g-Integral for a Crack |
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453 | (1) |
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Piecewise Constant Distribution of Eigenstrain |
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454 | (3) |
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Stress Intensity Factor of Periodic Cracks |
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457 | (2) |
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459 | (2) |
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Application To Nonlinear Composites |
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461 | (3) |
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464 | (3) |
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Overall Properties of Solids with Periodic Microstructure |
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467 | (44) |
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General Equivalent Homogeneous Solid |
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468 | (1) |
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Notation and Introductory Comments |
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468 | (1) |
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Macrofield Variables and Homogeneous Solutions |
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469 | (2) |
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Periodic Microstructure versus RVE |
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471 | (1) |
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Unit Cell as a Bounded Body |
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472 | (1) |
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Equivalent Homogeneous Solid for Periodic Microstructure |
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473 | (3) |
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Hashin-Shtrikman Variational Principle Applied to Periodic Structures |
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476 | (1) |
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476 | (2) |
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Hashin-Shtrikman Variational Principle and Bounds on Overall Moduli |
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478 | (1) |
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Equivalence of Two Energy Functionals |
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479 | (3) |
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Alternative Formulation of Exact Bounds |
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482 | (3) |
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Applications of Fourier Series Expansion to Energy Functionals |
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485 | (1) |
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Fourier Series Representation of Eigenstress |
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485 | (2) |
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Truncated Fourier Series of Eigenstress Field |
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487 | (1) |
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Matrix Representation of Euler Equations |
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488 | (3) |
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Example: One-Dimensional Periodic Microstructure |
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491 | (1) |
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491 | (2) |
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Equivalent Homogeneous Solid with Periodic Eigenstress Field |
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493 | (1) |
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Hashin-Shtrikman Variational Principle |
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494 | (3) |
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Piecewise Constant Approximation and Universal Bounds |
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497 | (1) |
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Piecewise Constant Approximation of Eigenstress Field |
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497 | (2) |
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Computation of Energy Functions and Universal Bounds |
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499 | (3) |
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General Piecewise Constant Approximation of Eigenstress Field |
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502 | (3) |
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505 | (1) |
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Example (1): One-Dimensional Periodic Structure |
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505 | (1) |
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Example (2): Three-Dimensional Periodic Structure |
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506 | (4) |
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510 | (1) |
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Mirror-Image Decomposition of Periodic Fields |
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511 | (36) |
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Mirror Images of Position Vectors And Vectors |
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511 | (5) |
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Mirror-Image Symmetry/Antisymmetry of Tensor Fields |
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516 | (1) |
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Mirror-Image (MI) Sym/Ant of Tensor Fields |
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516 | (1) |
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MI Sym/Ant Decomposition of Tensor Fields |
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517 | (2) |
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Components of MI Sym/Ant Parts |
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519 | (1) |
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Operations on MI Sym/Ant Parts of Tensor Fields |
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520 | (1) |
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Mirror-Image Symmetry and Antisymmetry of Fourier Series |
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521 | (1) |
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MI Sym/Ant of Complex Kernel |
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521 | (1) |
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MI Sym/Ant of Fourier Series |
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522 | (4) |
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Boundary Conditions For A Unit Cell |
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526 | (1) |
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526 | (1) |
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MI Sym/Ant Fields for a Symmetric Unit Cell |
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527 | (2) |
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Surface Data for MI Sym/Ant Set of Peridic Fields in a Symmetric Unit Cell |
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529 | (2) |
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531 | (1) |
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Fourier Series Expansion of MI Sym/Ant Set of Periodic Fields |
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532 | (1) |
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MI Sym/Ant Decomposition of Governing Field Equations |
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532 | (3) |
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Isotropic Equivalent Homogeneous Solid |
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535 | (2) |
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Application of Hashin-Shtrikman Variational Principle |
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537 | (1) |
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Inner Product of Stress and Strain |
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537 | (1) |
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Application of MI Sym/Ant Decomposition to Energy Functional |
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538 | (2) |
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Application of MI Sym/Ant Decomposition to Quadratic Forms |
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540 | (3) |
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Two-Phase Periodic Structure |
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543 | (3) |
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546 | (1) |
| APPENDIX A APPLICATION TO INELASTIC HETEROGENEOUS SOLIDS |
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547 | (26) |
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A.1. Sources of Inelasticity |
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547 | (1) |
|
A.2. Rate-Independent Phenomenological Plasticity |
|
|
548 | (10) |
|
A.2.1. Constitutive Relations: Smooth Yield Surface |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
A.2.2. Flow Potential and Associative Flow Rule |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
A.2.3. The J2-Flow Theory with Isotropic Hardening |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
A.2.4. The J2-Flow Theory with Kinematic Hardening |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
A.2.5. The J2-Flow Theory with Dilatancy and Pressure Sensitivity |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
A.2.6. Constitutive Relations: Yield Vertex |
|
|
554 | (2) |
|
A.2.7. Crystal Plasticity |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
A.2.8. Aggregate Properties |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
A.3. Rate-Dependent Theories |
|
|
558 | (10) |
|
A.3.1. Rate Dependent J2-Plasticity |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
A.3.3. Physically-based Models |
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
A.3.4. Drag-controlled Plastic Flow |
|
|
563 | (3) |
|
A.3.5. Viscoplastic J2-Flow Theory |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
A.3.6. Nonlinear Viscoplastic Model |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
A.3.7. Rate-Dependent Crystal Plasticity |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
|
568 | (5) |
| APPENDIX B HOMOGENIZATION THEORY |
|
573 | (14) |
|
B.1. Summary of Average Field Theory |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
B.2. Summary of Homogenization Theory |
|
|
575 | (3) |
|
B.3. Extension of Homogenization Theory |
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
B.4. Effect of Strain Gradient |
|
|
580 | (4) |
|
|
|
584 | (3) |
| APPENDIX C UNIFORM FIELD THEORY |
|
587 | (8) |
|
C.1. Application of Uniform Field Theory to Thermoelasticity of Heterogeneous Solids |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
C.2. Verification of Average Field Theory |
|
|
589 | (3) |
|
C.3. Application of Uniform Field Theory to Composites with Aligned Fibers |
|
|
592 | (2) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
| APPENDIX D IMPROVABLE BOUNDS ON OVERALL PROPERTIES OF HETEROGENEOUS FINITE SOLIDS |
|
595 | (1) |
|
D.1. Bounds On Potentials For General Boundary Data |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
D.1.1. Weak Kinematical or Statistical Admissibility |
|
|
595 | (2) |
|
D.1.2. Bounds on Potentials |
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
D.1.3. Calculation of Bounds on Overall Potentials |
|
|
599 | (3) |
|
D.1.4. Bounds by Discretization |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
Examples of Closed-form Bounds |
|
|
604 | (7) |
|
|
|
611 | |